浓香型大曲酒窖泥己酸菌纯培养条件的研究

以丰谷酒厂大曲酒窖泥为材料，进行己酸菌分离纯化，其影响因素为酒度、pH值、培养时间、培养温度及热处理温度，33℃、培养时间6d。并采用正交试验法对己酸菌的生长繁殖条件进行了探讨，优化因子为pH6、酒度2％、热处理温度80％、培养温度     

枝江老窖泥中己酸菌的分离纯化及培养条件的研究

对枝江酒业优质老窖泥中己酸菌进行了分离纯化,并对其培养条件进行了研究.结果表明,从枝江老窖泥中共分离得到两株己酸菌株,其最适培养条件为热处理温度80℃,酒精浓度2.5%vol,pH值为6,培养温度35℃.     

津酒老窖泥己酸菌的筛选及培养条件的优化

本试验从津酒老窖泥中筛选出两株己酸菌,并对其培养条件进行了优化。结果显示,当pH值为6,酒精浓度为3%vol,培养温度为34℃,蛋白胨含量为4 g/L时,己酸菌生长最为旺盛且产己酸含量最高,为最适培养条件。     

Vc在浓香型大曲发酵酒中的应用

通过研究在不同pH、不同热处理方式、不同乙酸钠加入量条件下,己酸菌发酵液中己酸产量变化,得到培养液的最优条件为:pH 6.5,菌种经80℃热处理6 min,乙酸钠添加量为15 g/L。通过与添加Vc对照组对比,发现在己酸菌的培养液中加入Vc可增加己酸的产量,提高浓香型大曲发酵酒中香气成分的含量,提高出酒率,提高白酒品质。     

己酸菌的筛选及发酵特性研究

在浓香型白酒生产中,己酸菌是窖泥中的重要功能菌,影响着白酒的品质。本研究通过对老窖泥进行富集培养,分离筛选出1株高产己酸的己酸菌,经16S rDNA鉴定为速生梭菌(Clostridium celerecrescens),命名为E-6。并研究培养时间、培养温度、乙醇添加量对菌株的生长和发酵特性的影响。结果表明,E-6产己酸的最佳培养温度为34℃,乙醇添加量为2 mL/100 mL,此条件下培养10 d左右己酸产量可达到9.4 g/L。     

己酸菌的培养与己酸的酯化

己酸菌在微生物学中是个很不惹人注意的一员，在国外早已宣布它无工业使用价值，故介绍它的资料很少。但是它与浓香型酒的主体香气成分有着密切的关系，将它培养后用于白酒生产可缩短窖泥成熟的时间、可缩短酒醅发酵时间、提高酒中已酸乙酯的含量，因此对己酸菌的培养与己酸的酯化就受到重视。由于己酸菌的生理特性（营养成分、要求pH中性、绝对嫌气培养）与酒厂常见的其它菌不同，它生长势弱、生长缓慢、又易污染杂菌，所以感到不好培养。今就培养己酸菌中常见到的一些问题，谈谈我们的认识。     

一株产丁酸菌的分离、纯化及产酸研究

从稻花香酒厂老窖泥中分离出一株产丁酸菌BTL-B02。BTL-B02菌株在液态培养条件下的最佳产酸接种量为5%,温度为36℃,pH7.0,且有较弱的己酸发酵力。该菌株和己酸菌在接种比为1∶1时能有效的促进己酸的生成,其己酸产量提高50%左右。     

窖泥高产己酸菌分离鉴定及培养条件优化的研究

浓香型白酒的主体香味物质是己酸乙酯,己酸菌是重要的功能菌种。该研究从优质窖泥中分离获得了高产己酸菌株,命名为JZZ,该菌是革兰氏阳性杆菌,经形态学和16S rDNA序列鉴定,属于克氏梭菌（Clostridium kluyveri）。通过培养条件考察,该己酸菌最适培养条件为接种量5%,装样量90%,培养温度37 ℃,pH值为6.5。在最适培养条件下,菌株JZZ的己酸产量均可达到4.36 mg/mL。     

己酸菌培养条件和不同微生物对己酸菌生长代谢影响的研究

文章综述了己酸菌的形态特征和不同培养条件、不同微生物与己酸菌共栖发酵对己酸菌菌数及其产酸的影响,找出己酸菌适合的生长条件和生态环境,对培养优质的己酸菌及其对己酸乙酯的生成具有重要作用。在温度35℃,CaCO_3含量15g/L,乙醇浓度2%,pH 4~6.5条件下己酸菌生长最好;培养基中己酸菌适宜的碳源是乙醇,添加适量的腐殖质、底锅水、VC、含氮物质可以有效促进己酸菌的生长代谢;放线菌为己酸菌提供氮源,乙酸菌生成乙酸供合成己酸。因此,白酒酿造过程中可以合理添加外源物质和其他微生物,以期更进一步提高酒质及出酒率。     

金种子优质窖泥高产己酸菌的筛选鉴定及其应用性能分析

在浓香型白酒酿造过程中,窖泥作为酿酒微生物的重要载体对曲酒的酒体质量与风格特征具有重要影响。从优质窖泥中筛选高产己酸菌,并制备人工窖泥以提高酒体中己酸乙酯的含量或制备生产己酸乙酯产品等,对曲酒生产具有重要意义。本文通过富集培养、平板涂布、发酵液己酸含量检测、16S rDNA分析等方法,筛选鉴定高产己酸菌株,并考察培养温度、乙醇浓度、pH值等发酵条件,分析己酸菌液配方组分单因素含量影响等。结果表明,筛选得到的高产己酸菌JZZ,其液态发酵己酸平均产量为4.36 mg/mL,温度耐受区间为36~39℃,乙醇耐受浓度为2%~6%,己酸菌液配方组分添加量为硫酸镁0.01%,硫酸铵0.05%,磷酸氢二钾0.3%,乙醇2%,16S r DNA比对结果表明,JZZ菌株为克氏梭状杆菌(Clostridium kluyveri)。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.