黑小麦麦麸戊聚糖的提取、纯化与组成分析

对黑小麦麦麸戊聚糖进行提取、纯化及组成分析。分别以H2O、Ba(OH)2和Na(OH)2为提取介质,提取水溶性和水不溶性戊聚糖;采用(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀、乙醇分级沉淀、凝胶过滤柱层析等方法纯化戊聚糖粗提物,分析其得率和组成。结果表明:水提组分(WEP)主要由葡萄糖(Glc)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)和木糖(Xyl)组成,是β-葡聚糖(79%)和戊聚糖(21%)的混合物。NaOH碱提组分(AEP-Na)中Ara和Xyl含量相对较高,以戊聚糖为主要组成(71%),还含有29%的β-葡聚糖。Ba(OH)2碱提组分(AEP-Ba)主要由阿拉伯糖(Ara)和木糖(Xyl)组成,含有较纯的戊聚糖(96%)。WEP经35%饱和(NH4)2SO4溶液沉淀后,戊聚糖含量由纯化前的21%提高到35%。AEP-Na经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B柱层析,分级组分AEP-Na1的单糖组成的物质的量比,即n(Ara)∶n(Xyl)∶n(Glc)=0.7∶1∶1.2,其中戊聚糖的n(Ara)/n(Xyl)=0.7。AEP-Ba经不同浓度乙醇沉淀分级组分的戊聚糖主要由Ara和Xyl组成。其n(Ara)/n(Xyl)在0.38~1.02之间,且Ara的取代度随着乙醇浓度的增加而增大。     

罗汉果多糖的结构研究

用热水从罗汉果(Siraitia Grosvenorii)中提取所得的粗多糖,经DEAE-Cellulose、Sephadex G-200柱层析得到1个纯罗汉多糖SGPS1;利用HPLC、GC、GC-MS、13C NMR、甲基化、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、部分酸水解等方法分析了SGPS1的组成和结构.结果表明,多糖SGPS1为酸性杂多糖,它由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,各糖残基的摩尔比为Rha∶ Ara∶ Xyl∶ Gal∶ Glc∶ GlcA=1.00∶ 2.30∶ 1.40∶ 9.07∶ 39.53∶ 2.46;SGPS1由(1→4) Glc、(1→3)Gal构成主链,且以(1→4)Glc键型为主,Glc在2-O、3-O和6-O处有分支,Gal在6-O处有分支,平均每20个主链糖残基有5个分支糖残基;侧链由(1→3)Glc、(1→6)Glc、(1→4)Gal和(1→2)Rha片段组成;Ara、Xyl以及部分Glc、Gal为末端基;GlcA在分子中是以末端GlcA和3-位取代的GlcA的形式存在.     

单环刺螠内脏多糖结构的分析及其对脂质过氧化物的清除作用

为开发单环刺螠内脏中活性多糖成分,利用两步酶解法提取单环刺螠多糖,对其单糖组成、分子质量和连接方式等理化性质和结构特征进行研究,并通过体外清除脂质过氧化物实验对其活性进行初步评价。结果表明：采用木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶两步酶解后,单环刺螠内脏多糖得率为6.2%。单环刺螠内脏多糖（viscera polysaccharide,VP）分子质量约为4.1×103 u,从单糖组成可以看出,VP为组成复杂的类糖胺聚糖,主要含有葡萄糖（Glc）,其次还含有氨基葡萄糖（GlcN）、甘露糖（Man）、半乳糖（Gal）和岩藻糖（Fuc）,还含有少量的木糖（Xyl）、鼠李糖（Rha）、葡萄糖醛酸（GlcUA）和氨基半乳糖（GalN）。其单糖组成物质的量比为n（Man）∶n（GlcN）∶n（Rha）∶n（GlcUA）∶n（GalN）∶n（Glc）∶n（Gal）∶n（Xyl）∶n（Fuc）＝1∶1.38∶0.87∶0.53∶0.52∶5.37∶1.38∶1.05∶2.40。VP还含有少量的硫酸基,含量为8.9%。葡萄糖作为VP中最主要的单糖,其连接方式主要为Glcp(1→、→4)-Glcp(1→、→4,6)-Glcp(1→和→3,6)-Glcp(1→。甘露糖主要含有Manp(1→、→2)-Manp(1→和→6)-Manp(1→连接方式。半乳糖含有Galp(1→和→4)-Galp(1→连接方式。而岩藻糖主要含有→4)-Fucp(1→,另外还有Fucp(1→、→3)-Fucp(1→和→3,4)-Fucp(1→连接方式。类糖胺聚糖具有丰富的生物活性,对VP进行初步体外抗氧化活性研究表明,其具有显著的脂质过氧化物清除活性,半数清除质量浓度为2.47 mg/mL。     

黑小麦麦麸多糖的制备与分析

分别以水和饱和Ba(OH)2溶液为提取介质,采用高压辅助水提取、Ba(OH)2碱提取和碱后水提取等方法制备黑小麦麦麸中的水溶性和水不溶性多糖,并采用气相色谱(GC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和红外光谱(IR)分析黑小麦麦麸多糖组分的理化性质。结果表明:高压辅助水提组分(WEPH)主要由葡萄糖(G lc)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)和木糖(Xyl)组成,是β-葡聚糖和戊聚糖的混合物;Ba(OH)2碱提组分(AEPH)主要由Ara和Xyl组成,物质的量比为Ara:Xyl=1:1.66,表明含有较纯的戊聚糖,其Ara/Xyl比值为0.60;碱后水提组分(AEPH-H2O)的85%由葡萄糖(G lc)和半乳糖(Man)组成,主要为β-葡聚糖和阿拉伯半乳聚糖,以及少量戊聚糖。富含戊聚糖的AEPH组分相对分子质量最高,为3.81×105,而以β-葡聚糖为主的WEPH和AEPH-H2O组分的相对分子质量较低,其中单一峰组分AEPH-H2O为2.40×105。     

白灵菇菌丝体多糖的分离纯化及理化性质研究

研究白灵菇菌丝体粗多糖的分离纯化技术,并对得到的多糖进行纯度鉴定及理化性质研究.结果表明,白灵菇菌丝体多糖(PNMP)经DEAE-Cellulose 52和Sephadex G-200柱层析后得到单一组分PNMPⅢ-a,经分析鉴定,PNMPⅢ-a为不合双糖、糖醛酸和核酸的非淀粉类的均一多糖;其相对分子质量为15213Da.PNMPⅢ-a完全酸水解后,经高效液相色谱分析确定其糖基的组成为葡萄糖(Glc)、鼠李糖(Rha)、木糖(Xyl)和核糖(Nbo).红外光谱分析表明,PNMPⅢ-a是一种含有氨基、硫酸酯键、β-糖苷键和α-D葡萄糖的蛋白多糖.     

单环刺螠体壁多糖的分离纯化、理化性质及抗脂质过氧化活性

为研究和开发单环刺螠中活性多糖成分,采用酶法提取和色谱分离技术,从单环刺螠的体壁中提取分离多糖组分,采用化学和仪器分析方法对其单糖组成、分子质量等理化性质进行研究,并通过体外清除脂质过氧化物实验对其进行初步的活性评价。结果表明：采用木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶两步酶解后,单环刺螠多糖（unicinctus polysaccharide,UP）得率为5.3%。通过离子交换柱层析分离纯化后主要得到两个组分UP-1和UP-2。UP-1是主要由葡萄糖（Glc）组成的高聚葡聚糖,分子质量340 kD,而UP-2为组成复杂的类糖胺聚糖,分子质量约为7.9 kD,主要含有葡萄糖（Glc）、半乳糖（Gal）、氨基葡萄糖（GlcN）和岩藻糖（Fuc）,还含有少量的甘露糖（Man）和氨基半乳糖（GalN）。其单糖组成Man、GlcN、GalN、Glc、Gal、Fuc物质的量比例为1.0∶1.47∶0.64∶6.49∶2.5∶3.0。和其他海洋动物来源类糖胺聚糖类似,UP-2还含有少量的硫酸基,含量为7.4%。对UP-1和UP-2进行初步体外抗氧化活性研究表明,类糖胺聚糖UP-2具有显著的脂质过氧化物清除活性,半数清除质量浓度为5.0 mg/mL。     

荞麦蜂花粉多糖的分离纯化及结构鉴定

本文对荞麦蜂花粉多糖进行了分离纯化及结构分析鉴定。以荞麦蜂花粉为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,采用木瓜蛋白酶-Sevag法、DEAE-52纤维素柱层析法对其进行分离纯化。通过紫外光谱、气相色谱、高效液相色谱及红外光谱等技术对多糖结构组成进行分析。结果表明:荞麦蜂花粉多糖经柱层析分离得到三种多糖组分即WFPP-N、WFPP-1、WFPP-2,紫外光谱分析三个组分多糖均不含有蛋白、核酸等杂质;荞麦蜂花粉多糖主要由阿拉伯糖(Ara)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、鼠李糖(Rha)、木糖(Xyl)、甘露糖(Man)组成,不同组分中各单糖百分含量比不同;WFPP-N、WFPP-1分子量测定分别为1.96×104、2.24×104 Da,WFPP-2中含有两个多糖组分其分子量分别为2.40×104、4.38×103 Da;红外光谱表明三种多糖组分均具有多糖的特征吸收峰。本文从荞麦蜂花粉多糖中分离得到的三种组分,对其结构进行了分析鉴定,为今后研究荞麦蜂花粉多糖的功能活性提供参考。     

苦荞醋及其多糖物质的抗氧化性能研究

对苦荞醋及其多糖物质的抗氧化性能进行研究。以山西宁化府生产的苦荞醋为原料,采用乙醇沉淀法制备苦荞醋多糖,分析其单糖组成。通过清除DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)自由基、羟基自由基(·OH)及测定总还原力等方法对苦荞醋及其多糖物质的抗氧化性能进行研究。结果表明:苦荞醋多糖得率为8.52mg/mL,主要由阿拉伯糖(Ara)、木糖(Xyl)和葡萄糖(Glc)组成,并含有少量甘露糖(Man)和半乳糖(Gal),其摩尔比为2.15∶3.98∶2.35∶1.0∶1.0。苦荞醋及其多糖物质均具有良好的抗氧化清除自由基能力,其中苦荞醋的抗氧化能力强于多糖物质。     

山楂果胶的黏度特性及其与化学构造的关联性

山楂果实中含有大量的果胶,其果胶溶液的黏度高于同等条件下市售柠檬果胶的黏度.山楂果胶与柠檬果胶黏度不同的主要是由山楂果胶与柠檬果胶中中性糖组分(Hf1、Lf1)的化学组成与化学构造的不同以及山楂果胶中存在而柠檬果胶中不存在的酸性糖组分(Lf2)所引起的.对山楂果胶中中性糖组分Hf1的化学构造特征进行分析的结果表明,Hf1是一种含有Glc(1→3)Xyl与Xyl(1→6)Glc这两种键合样式的Arabinoxyloglucan.     

枇杷叶多糖的分离纯化及组分鉴定

提取纯化枇杷叶多糖,并对其组分进行研究。枇杷叶多糖提取液经大孔树脂除杂,醇沉后干燥即得枇杷叶可溶性总多糖。经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析及Sephadex G-200葡聚糖凝胶柱层析,得到纯化后多糖,并采用Sephadex G-200葡聚糖凝胶柱测定多糖的分子量,水解多糖后采用薄层层析对枇杷叶多糖进行组分鉴定及单糖的组成比例测定。通过DEAE-52柱层析得3个枇杷叶多糖酸性组分,分别经过Sephadex G-200柱层析得到3个乳白色组分,分别为PSL-1、PSL-2、PSL-3。3个组分的洗脱曲线均为单一对称峰,初步判断3个组分含有单一成分的多糖。PSL-1、PSL-2、PSL-3分子量分别约为700、500、400 k Da。经过薄层层析初步推断出PSL-1含有鼠李糖和葡萄糖,含量之比为1∶0.602;PSL-2含有葡萄糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖,含量之比为1∶1.415∶1.408;PSL-3含有半乳糖和鼠李糖,含量之比为1∶1.03。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.