我国市场上荞麦挂面的品质分析

从市场采集42个荞麦挂面产品,对其品质指标进行分析研究,为《荞麦挂面》标准的制定提供数据支持。结果表明：采购的42个样品水分含量为9.07%~13.53%,74%样品的烹调损失率≤10.0%,煮熟增重率为93.2%~241.7%,熟断条率为0%~3.3%,均≤5.0%,自然断条率在0%~7.1%之间,95%样品的自然断条率≤5.0%。苦荞挂面中总黄酮含量为0.15%~1.94%,其他荞麦挂面中总黄酮含量为0.10%~0.55%。荞麦挂面的L*值为32.35~86.12,a*值为0.85~7.25,b*值为11.95~38.15。100%的荞麦挂面酸度值≤4.0 mL/10 g,储藏品质良好。     

高含量马铃薯全粉挂面品质改良剂的研究

利用均匀设计优化高含量马铃薯(全粉含量33%)挂面的品质改良,通过回归分析确定其品质的主要影响因素,以熟断条率、蒸煮损失、感官评分为考察指标进行实验。结果表明:品质改良剂为食用盐0.31%,碳酸钠0.12%,魔芋精粉0.34%,谷朊粉2.80%,聚丙烯酸钠0.11%时,得到的挂面蒸煮损失率为3.73%,熟断条率为3.0%,感官评分91.5分。通过对品质改良剂的研究,解决了高含量马铃薯挂面易断条、易浑汤等技术难题,使样品品质明显优于市售挂面。     

水分含量对鲜湿米粉品质影响

研究不同水分含量对鲜湿米粉成品感官品质,蒸煮特性方面影响;并研究水分含量对鲜湿米粉储藏期内感官品质、微生物指标、蒸煮特性(蒸煮损失率和熟断条率)和酸度影响。结果表明,水分含量为65%鲜湿米粉成品感官评分最高;在储藏期内,随水分含量增加,鲜湿米粉感官品质变劣速度、微生物指标超标、蒸煮损失率和熟断条率及酸度增加也越快。经综合考虑,选鲜湿米粉最宜水分含量为65%。     

高含量苦荞面条品质改良研究

为实现利用挂面工厂传统压延工艺/设备加工高含量(质量分数70%)苦荞面条,选取谷朊粉、食用盐、食用碱、魔芋胶、沙蒿胶等5种辅料为研究对象,以面条烹调损失率和感官评分为指标,通过单因素实验以及响应面优化实验设计对其配比方案进行优化。结果表明,利用挂面工厂现有压延工艺/设备加工物料配比为苦荞70%、高筋小麦粉10%、谷朊粉16.4%、食用盐1.5%、食用碱0.3%、魔芋胶1.6%、沙蒿胶0.02%的高含量苦荞面条,测得面条烹调损失率3.12%,熟断条率1.67%,感官评分92.72,口感良好,具有浓郁的苦荞风味,达到市售产品品质。     

富硒紫花苜蓿挂面的研制

在挂面生产中添加适量富硒紫花苜蓿浆,制成了具营养功能的翠绿色挂面,对紫花苜蓿挂面吸水率、烹调时间、弯曲断条率、烹煮损失率、熟断条率及感官评价进行测定;确定最佳工艺为面粉100%、变性淀粉10%、富硒紫花苜蓿浆汁10%、食盐3%～5%、纯碱0.2%～0.3%、草酸锌适量.     

牛骨粉对挂面品质的影响研究

以特制一等粉和牛骨粉为原料,进行和面、熟化、压延、切割、烘干等工序制作牛骨粉挂面。探究牛骨粉的添加量对牛骨粉挂面的蒸煮损失率、熟断条率、蛋白含量、钙含量、脂肪含量和酸度值的影响,以及制作过程中牛骨粉添加量、食盐添加量和熟化时间对挂面感官评分的影响,并通过正交实验对挂面的制作配方进行优化。结果表明,随着牛骨粉添加量的增大,蒸煮损失率显著增大,钙含量和蛋白质含量显著提高,脂肪含量和酸度值无显著性变化;在低浓度范围内牛骨粉挂面的熟断条率无明显变化。牛骨粉的添加量、食盐添加量、熟化时间等因素可以显著影响牛骨粉挂面的感官品质,经过正交实验的优化得到最佳配方为牛骨粉的添加量为5%、食盐添加量为0.6%、熟化时间为20 min,得到的牛骨粉挂面的感官评分为90.31。研究结果为补钙挂面的生产提供理论基础。     

湿米粉在存放过程中的品质变化

研究了湿米粉在存放过程中感观品质、理化指标以及微生物与卫生指标的变化.结果显示,湿米粉存放在28℃,RH 24%下,存放16 h后,菌落总数达到5.4×105cfu/g,超过标准要求(菌落总数≤3.0×104 cfu/g),熟断条率达到15.4%,超过湿米粉理化指标要求(熟断条率≤15%);存放24 h后,水分含量有所下降,酸度略有增加,感官指标发生显著劣变.     

火棘膳食纤维的制备、性质及其应用

以火棘果实为原料,研究了其膳食纤维的制备、性质及在挂面中的应用。结果表明:火棘膳食纤维产品得率约为6.5%,其中总膳食纤维含量为71.3%,水溶性膳食纤维占总膳食纤维的58.7%;其最大膨胀力为5.5mL/g,持水力为4.82g水/g干料;火棘膳食纤维可以降低挂面的弯曲折断率以及蒸煮后的熟断条率和烹调损失,改善面条品质,其最适使用量为3%。     

响应曲面设计结合熵权法优化石磨全麦挂面配方

为改善石磨全麦挂面品质,以石磨全麦粉为主要原料,选择全麦粉粒度、食盐添加量、熟化时间、加水量为单因素,挂面蒸煮特性、质构特性及感官评分为考察指标,筛选出各因素的最佳水平。在单因素试验基础上,以挂面烹调损失率和感官评分为评判指标,根据Box-Behnken原理设计四因素三水平试验,以熵权法计算的综合评分作为响应值,优化石磨全麦挂面配方。结果表明,影响石磨全麦挂面综合评分的因素主次顺序为全麦粉粒度>熟化时间>食盐添加量>加水量,石磨全麦挂面最优配方：全麦粉粒度120目,食盐添加量0.85%(质量分数),熟化时间15 min,加水量37.32%(质量分数)。最佳配方下制备的挂面烹调损失率为(6.31±0.11)%,感官评分为(92.33±2.52)分,膳食纤维含量为(10.40±0.22)%,血糖生成指数为(69.37±0.52)。     

萌芽藜麦儿童挂面配方优化及品质研究

以萌芽藜麦粉和高筋面粉混合制作萌芽藜麦儿童挂面,在单因素试验的基础上,以面条感官评分为评价指标,采用正交试验优化萌芽藜麦儿童挂面的配方,结果表明:当萌芽藜麦粉的添加量为20%、水分添加量为42%、食盐添加量为1.0%时,感官评分达88.6、断条率为0%、烹调损失率4.8%,面条的品质最佳。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.