茶多酚与大豆分离蛋白的相互作用

利用荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱法,研究茶多酚与大豆分离蛋白之间的相互作用。结果表明：茶多酚对大豆分离蛋白有较强的荧光猝灭作用且为静态猝灭,其中,茶多酚与大豆分离蛋白在291、298、310 K时相互作用的表观结合常数分别为4.571×105、2.955×105、2.672×105 L/mol,对应的结合位点数分别为1.316、1.299、1.286。热力学数据分析结果表明：茶多酚与大豆分离蛋白反应的作用力主要是范德华力和氢键作用;同步荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱表明茶多酚改变了芳香氨基酸残基在空间结构中所处的微环境,使大豆分离蛋白的分子构象发生改变,且同步荧光光谱显示茶多酚与大豆分离蛋白中色氨酸残基发生相互作用,使其周围的疏水作用减少。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明茶多酚引起大豆分离蛋白的二级结构发生改变。     

灵菌红素与肌红蛋白相互作用的光谱分析

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱、红外光谱和圆二色谱研究灵菌红素(PG)与肌红蛋白(Mb)的相互作用。结果表明:PG使Mb的紫外吸收增强,说明PG主要与Mb分子外部的氨基酸残基发生了相互作用;Mb的特征荧光峰增强,且随着温度升高结合常数下降,由热力学方程计算出ΔH为-25.293kJ/mol,ΔS分别为-10.238J/(mol.s)(298K)和-10.239J/(mol.s)(310K),得出二者之间的作用力为范德华力;同步荧光光谱表明,PG与Mb相互作用,改变了氨基酸残基的微环境;红外光谱(FT-IR)结果表明PG与Mb多肽链中的酰胺基发生了相互作用,改变了蛋白的二级结构;圆二色谱结果表明PG诱导Mb的二级结构发生改变,α-螺旋含量减少。     

大豆分离蛋白-维生素D3复合物的结构及性质

采用表面疏水性、粒径、ζ-电位、浊度等指标,以及荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱等方法分析研究维生素D3(VD3)与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)复合物的结构及性质。结果表明:SPI与VD3形成复合物后其表面疏水性显著下降(P<0.05),且VD3的添加量与SPI的表面疏水性成反比。VD3的加入使复合物的粒径明显减小,ζ-电位的绝对值增大,溶液液滴粒径分布更加均匀,溶液的稳定性更强。随着VD3含量的增加,复合物的浊度略有增大。荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱分析发现复合物最大发射波长和最大吸收波长分别较SPI对照红移了3.6 nm和8 nm,表明VD3改变了SPI的空间结构,使其芳香氨基酸残基所处的微环境向极性增强的方向变化。傅里叶红外光谱显示VD3引起SPI的二级结构改变,其中α-螺旋和β-折叠含量减少,β-转角和无规则卷曲含量增多。研究结果为营养强化VD3技术以及拓宽大豆蛋白的应用领域提供参考。     

酰化修饰对牦牛乳酪蛋白结构及理化性质的影响

以丁二酸酐、丁二酸、乙酸酐为酰化试剂对牦牛乳酪蛋白进行酰化修饰,研究了酪蛋白空间结构、缓冲性能、钙镁磷含量、色度的变化。结果显示,丁二酸酐、乙酸酐、丁二酸酰化程度分别为90.0%、87.9%、18.5%。酰化修饰后,牦牛乳酪蛋白二级结构以转角和β-折叠的含量为主;丁二酸酐酰化促使酪蛋白形成少量规则的α-螺旋结构,含量为9.4%,其他样品中未检出。丁二酸酐酰化使其三级结构变化程度最大,丁二酸最小。酰化修饰后,牦牛乳酪蛋白最大荧光强度降低,除了乙酸酐修饰酪蛋白之外,其他样品最大发射波长红移;丁二酸修饰酪蛋白三级结构变化较小。酰化修饰后,酪蛋白缓冲性能增强。经酰化修饰后,牦牛乳酪蛋白中的钙、镁、磷含量均降低,但其色泽均变白。研究结果可为牦牛乳酪蛋白的改性及构效关系研究提供参考依据。     

小麦面筋蛋白琥珀酰化修饰研究

采用琥珀酸酐对小麦面筋蛋白进行改性修饰，系统研究了底物浓度、改性剂用量和反应温度对反应程度、溶解性、乳化性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性等蛋白功能特性的影响。优化出小麦面筋蛋白琥珀酰化的最佳条件：琥珀酰化底物浓度10％，琥珀酸酐用量15％，反应温度45℃。应用红外光谱对最优条件下改性的面筋蛋白结构进行了表征。将琥珀酰化改性后的小麦面筋蛋白添加至小麦粉中，面团粘着性提高32％。     

不同品种大豆分离蛋白体外消化产物的结构特性

以我国5种大豆分离蛋白(SPI)为基础原料,运用多种蛋白分析检测手段,研究这5种大豆分离蛋白结构对体外模拟消化特性的影响。结果表明:大豆分离蛋白及消化产物的红外光谱、拉曼光谱分析二级结构元素含量变化规律基本一致,α-螺旋结构、β-折叠结构与DH呈现一定相关性。5种大豆分离蛋白样品及其消化产物的酪氨酸残基趋向于"暴露式",随着消化时间的延长,λmax整体上增大,拉曼色氨酸侧链归属谱带强度随消化时间的延长逐渐降低,表明色氨酸残基趋向于亲水性微环境。5种大豆分离蛋白经连续5 h的体外模拟消化试验,水解度DH随着消化时间的延长而增加,当消化时间超过1 h后,DH的增加速度减慢,而在相同条件下不同样品DH存在差异性。     

琥珀酰化调控大豆分离蛋白电荷密度对其构象及乳化性的影响

通过加入琥珀酸酐对大豆分离蛋白（soybean protein isolate,SPI）进行改性,探究琥珀酰化调控SPI电荷密度引起的构象改变和乳化性改善之间的关系。通过荧光光谱、紫外光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析不同酰化程度SPI的构象变化,采用扫描电子显微镜、电位、表面疏水性、分子柔性及乳化性等手段表征琥珀酰化对SPI理化性质的影响。结果表明：琥珀酰化反应发生,琥珀酰基基团成功接枝于SPI上,SPI等电点下降,电负性增强;SPI微观结构产生变化,光滑无规则片状结构的表面出现小孔穴,分子质量增加;电荷密度的增加导致SPI三级结构展开,色氨酸暴露,酪氨酸被包裹,荧光光谱和紫外光谱出现红移现象,证明酰化后的SPI处于更亲水的环境中;SPI游离氨基与琥珀酰基基团反应使得其中N—H键变为C—N键,导致酰胺III带改变;酰化后的SPI表面疏水性下降,分子柔性增加,乳化活性与乳化稳定性得到改善。该研究证实,琥珀酰化SPI电荷密度的增加可以影响SPI的空间构象从而使乳化性明显改善。     

VD3与大豆分离蛋白相互作用的多重光谱分析与计算

利用多重光谱技术（荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱）研究VD3与大豆分离蛋白的相互作用。结果表明：VD3能对大豆分离蛋白的内源荧光进行静态猝灭。VD3与大豆分离蛋白在不同温度下相互作用的表观结合常数分别为1.245×104（293 K）、1.250×104（298 K）、3.531×104（306 K）L/mol,对应的结合位点数分别为0.973 3、0.992 4和1.094 2;结合距离r＝2.92,其结合时通过非辐射能力转移而促使蛋白质荧光猝灭。热力学数据分析结果表明：VD3与大豆分离蛋白的反应是自发的吸热过程,其相互作用的主要作用力是静电相互作用和疏水相互作用。同步荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱结果显示,VD3的添加使大豆分离蛋白构象发生改变,芳香氨基酸残基的微环境由疏水性向亲水性变化。傅里叶变换红外光谱结果表明VD3引起大豆分离蛋白的二级结构发生改变。     

花青素与大豆分离蛋白的不同共价交联法对蛋白结构的影响

分别运用生物酶法和化学碱法,研究不同质量浓度花青素与大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）发生共价相互作用后对蛋白结构的影响。采用共价结合率测定和游离巯基含量测定方法对花青素和SPI在不同共价交联方式下的结合强度进行比较,后采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱对不同共价交联方式下的花青素-SPI共价聚合物的结构及构象进行解析。结果表明：随着花青素添加量的升高,花青素与SPI的结合率逐渐提升,游离巯基含量持续下降。光谱测定显示花青素对SPI的共价交联可以改变蛋白的二级结构,使蛋白多肽链解折叠,并且改变蛋白芳香族氨基酸残基所处的微环境,进而使蛋白的构象发生改变。此外,相较于化学碱法,生物酶法共价交联的花青素-SPI聚合物结合率更高,巯基含量下降更显著,结构及构象的变化更为明显,这表明花青素与SPI在生物酶法处理下,共价结合能力强于化学碱法处理。     

基于尿素和STP控制修饰的大豆分离蛋白胶黏特性的研究

采用尿素和磷酸化试剂共同修饰大豆分离蛋白(SPI),主要研究不同浓度的多聚磷酸钠(STP)对经尿素控制变性后SPI胶黏强度、耐水性和二级结构的影响。先将SPI添加到3 mol/L尿素溶液中,SPI发生部分变性,然后再加入浓度为0、2%、5%、8%、10%的STP,对SPI进行磷酸化控制修饰。结果表明,STP浓度越大,其黏度越高。将经控制修饰的SPI应用在樱桃木、水曲柳和松木上的黏接后发现,STP能够提高胶黏强度和耐水性,当STP的浓度为5%时,其胶黏强度和耐水性达到最大值。SPI的圆二色性光谱图分析表明,磷酸化修饰后,SPI二级结构中的无规卷曲含量显著增加。对尿素和STP控制修饰SPI分子并提高其胶黏特性的机理也进行了探索。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.