沙田柚皮水溶性多糖的提取和测定

柚皮细颗粒样品经石油醚回流脱脂、热水提取,以葡萄糖为参照品,利用分光光度法测定沙田柚皮中水溶性多糖的含量。葡萄糖浓度在15.0～100.0μg/ml范围内与吸光度有良好的线性关系,回归方程为:A=0.00755X+0.07475(r=0.9992),测出柚皮中水溶性多糖含量是7.28%,精密度为0.82%(n=3);对照实验的回收率为99.00%±1.15%,精密度为0.59%(n=5)。此法操作简便,结果稳定可靠,是柚皮及其果肉中水溶性多糖含量测定的有效方法。     

蕨麻水溶性多糖的提取工艺与含量测定研究

本实验对蕨麻中水溶性多糖进行提取和测定研究。通过单因素试验和L9(33)正交试验优化提取工艺,结果显示最佳工艺为：料液比1:30,温度100℃,时间3.5h,蕨麻多糖提取率为8.78%。同时,采用改良苯酚- 硫酸法,以葡萄糖为参照品,利用紫外分光光度法测定蕨麻中多糖的含量。葡萄糖含量在10.8～75.6μg/ml 范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系。回归方程为A=0.0124C+0.0052,R2=0.9987,得到蕨麻多糖含量为9.26%,精密度为0.829%(n=6),样品加标平均回收率为99.33%。此法操作简便,结果稳定可靠,是蕨麻多糖含量测定的有效方法。     

新疆芜菁多糖含量测定及提取工艺优化

目的探究芜菁水溶性成分多糖的最佳提取工艺及含量测定。方法通过正交实验设计来选择芜菁水溶性成分多糖的最佳水提工艺;以葡萄糖为对照品,使用紫外-分光光度法测定其含量。结果水提的最佳提取工艺:回流时间为2 h,回流温度为90℃,回流次数为3次,料液比为1:30 g/mL。新疆芜菁多糖在0.02~0.10 mg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=0.819X+0.0029, r=0.9995,平均回收率为98.3%,相对标准偏差为2.0%,并测得多糖总含量为8.99%。结论该提取方法方便、合理,满足多糖的分析方法要求;紫外-分光光度法简便易行,精密度、稳定性、重现性均良好。     

气相色谱法检测酵母多糖中的葡萄糖及甘露糖组分

建立了气相色谱法定量测定酵母多糖中葡萄糖和甘露糖的三甲基硅醚衍生物。该方法在葡萄糖糖组分在0.1～1.0mg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9988),精密度RSD为0.68%,重现性RSD为1.18%;在甘露糖糖组分在0.1～1.0mg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9997),精密度RSD为0.88%,重现性RSD为1.63%。方法简便、快速、准确,适于酵母多糖含量及其单糖组成的测定,便于酵母多糖的质量评价。     

余甘子果汁活性成分与抗氧化活性研究

测定了不同产地余甘子果汁中多酚、黄酮和多糖含量。结果表明:广东野生余甘果汁的多酚、黄酮含量和水溶性多糖含量最高,分别为(204.15±6.85)mg/g干物质、(81.11±8.67)mg/g干物质和(19.78±1.22)mg/g干物质。通过测定还原力和自由基清除率,研究了余甘子果汁的抗氧化活性,结果表明:各种余甘子果汁都有清除自由基和抗氧化作用,其中广东野生果汁抗氧化活性较高,浓度为10 mg/mL时,其还原力为1.344±0.14,羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除率分别为(91.50±3.53)%、(92.31±1.30)%,其抗氧化性优于同浓度的Vc;由广东栽培的余甘于做的果汁的DPPH自由基清除力最高,浓度为10 mg/mL时,清除率达到(92.09±1.52)%。     

超声辅助酸解-超高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器测定灵芝多糖的单糖组成

目的:建立超声辅助酸解-超高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器(UAH-UPLC-CAD)法测定灵芝多糖的单糖组成的方法,为药食两用真菌多糖的单糖组成研究提供快速分析方法支持。方法:以赤芝为研究对象,对灵芝多糖超声辅助酸解条件进行系统优化,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC Amide柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),梯度洗脱(A为0.8%甲酸水溶液,B为乙腈),流速:0.4 mL·min-1,柱温:25 ℃,采用CAD检测器,其中:雾化器温度35 ℃,N₂压力61.2 Psi。结果:获得了最佳的超声辅助酸解工艺条件:超声功率270 W、水解温度70 ℃、水解时间1 h;在优化的UPLC-CAD条件下,各化合物分离较好、灵敏度较高,方法具有较好的精密度、重现性和稳定性;应用该方法测定了灵芝多糖酸解产物中的7种单糖(摩尔比为:鼠李糖∶岩藻糖∶木糖∶阿拉伯糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=5.90∶5.34∶72.64∶31.96∶1.00∶1.89∶5.24),其中,木糖和阿拉伯糖的含量较高,其值分别为27.25±0.67和11.99±0.29 mg/g;而甘露糖和葡萄糖的含量则较低,其值分别为0.45±0.01和0.85±0.04 mg/g。结论:该方法简单、快速、灵敏度高,为药食两用真菌多糖的单糖组成研究提供了方法支持。     

植物乳杆菌生物转化南瓜多糖工艺优化

目的：提高南瓜多糖抗氧化性。方法：分别考察温度、料液比(m南瓜粉∶V蒸馏水)、接种量、摇床转速4个因素对生物转化南瓜多糖提取率的影响,并研究南瓜多糖对DPPH自由基的清除能力。结果：植物乳杆菌生物转化南瓜多糖的最优工艺条件为温度37 ℃,接种量1%,料液比1∶30 (g/mL),摇床转速100 r/min,此条件下的植物乳杆菌生物转化南瓜多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率为(54.61±1.58)%,其体外抗氧化活性显著高于南瓜多糖。结论：采用植物乳杆菌nbkBC299进行生物转化能提高南瓜多糖的抗氧化活性。     

柚寄生多糖的提取与含量的测定

建立一种简便可靠的柚寄生多糖的含量测定方法。采用水提醇沉法提取柚寄生多糖,以葡萄糖为对照品,采用蒽酮硫酸法测定柚寄生多糖的含量,用精制柚寄生多糖测得柚寄生多糖对葡萄糖的换算因子,对该含量测定方法的精密度、稳定性、重现性和加样回收率均进行了考察。该方法的精密度、稳定性、重现性和加样回收率结果均良好,测得柚寄生多糖的含量为3.55%。     

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定多糖水解液中葡萄糖含量

建立一种柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定多糖水解液中葡萄糖含量的方法。多糖水解液经过1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮(PMP)进行衍生化,采用WondaSil C18-WR色谱柱(5μm 4.6mm×150mm)色谱柱,以0.06mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH6.9)—乙腈(82∶18)为流动相,在波长254nm下检测。在10～1000μg/mL浓度范围内获得标准曲线Y=8.59479X+264071,R2=0.99996,测得样品中葡萄糖含量为20.1μg/mL,精密度RSD为2.4%,加标回收率大于90%。结果表明,本法测定葡萄糖的线性范围宽,线性相关系数高,精密度好,回收率高,数据准确可靠。该法能够快速可靠完成多糖水解液中葡萄糖含量的测定。     

以稻杆粉为基质获得灵芝高附加值产品的工艺优化

采用单因素试验研究了添加稻秆粉对灵芝生长、纤维素酶活性、多糖合成的影响,并用旋转中心组合设计对稻秆粉和葡萄糖的浓度进行了优化,同时比较了两种培养基中灵芝产品的比生成速率。结果表明:稻秆粉可以作为灵芝生长、纤维素酶和多糖合成的培养基质,添加量为2%～8.0%;经过响应面法分析后葡萄糖、稻秆粉最佳浓度分别为3.26%、5.771%。此条件下灵芝的最大生长量为(13.12±1)g/L,胞内多糖产量为(329±10)mg/g,胞外多糖产量为(383±9)mg/L,纤维素酶活性为(14.4±0.8)U/mL,分别比优化前提高16.1%、(22.3±0.1)%、(35.3±0.5)%、(38.9±2)%。同时灵芝的比生长速率0.031 h-1,胞外和胞内多糖的比生成速率分别为0.011 h-1、8.2×10-4 h-1,分别比豆饼粉培养基中的低44.6%、42.1%、18%,而纤维素酶的比生成速率(0.062 h-1)比豆饼粉培养基中(0.043 h-1)的提高44.1%。尽管灵芝比生长速率及多糖比生成速率比豆饼粉的低,但从经济成本来看和资源利用来看,用稻秆粉为灵芝液体发酵基质生产多糖等高附加值产品是可行的。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.