四种黄酮类化合物与DNA相互作用关系研究

本实验分别从紫外吸收、热变性、结合平衡三个方面研究了四种黄酮类化合物桑色素、山萘酚、槲皮素和杨梅素与鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用。紫外吸收光谱表明:这四种黄酮化合物与DNA作用后,均导致DNA的最大吸收峰发生增色效应,桑色素和山萘酚使最大吸收峰红移,而槲皮素或杨梅素则使最大吸收峰发生蓝移。采用双倒数法,测得四种黄酮化合物与DNA作用的结合常数。通过热变性实验发现,四种黄酮化合物均使DNA的熔解行为发生变化。     

单宁酸对酪蛋白酸钠的作用方式分析

单宁酸能使食物中的蛋白质变成不易消化的凝固物质,影响人体对蛋白质的吸收利用,为了阐明二者之间的作用方式,实验利用差热-热重分析、傅里叶红外光谱和荧光光谱研究了单宁酸(Tannic acid,T)对酪蛋白酸钠(Sodium Caseinate,SC)结构的影响。红外光谱表明,酪蛋白酸钠和单宁酸相互作用后,其二级结构发生了改变,β-折叠和β-转角含量相应地减少,α-螺旋、无规则卷曲结构增多;荧光光谱说明,T的加入可以使SC的荧光发生静态猝灭,由荧光强度变化速率和单宁酸的浓度的双对数回归曲线得出了T和SC的结合常数KΛ=1.30×103 L/mol,结合位点数n=1.20;热重和差热分析表明,单宁酸-酪蛋白酸钠复合物(T-SC)的玻璃化温度升高了20℃,变性温度升高了86℃。分析实验结果:单宁酸的存在使酪蛋白酸钠分子链之间的作用力增大,链段移动受阻,形成更大的立体网状结构,稳定性增加。     

壳聚糖与DNA相互作用的研究

采用循环伏安法、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了壳聚糖与DNA的相互作用。结果表明,壳聚糖与DNA分子之间发生了相互作用;DNA的紫外吸收光谱随壳聚糖浓度的增加表现出明显的增色效应和较小的红移。同时发现,随着壳聚糖浓度的增加,NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4、DNA和溴化乙锭(EB)混合溶液的荧光强度值下降,说明了壳聚糖和EB与DNA之间的结合存在竞争性;随着NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4离子浓度的增加,壳聚糖-EB-DNA三者形成的平衡体系整体荧光强度不断减弱,表明壳聚糖是以静电与DNA相互作用的。     

乳杆菌产抑菌活性物质与酵母菌DNA相互作用研究

本研究以具有抑酵母活性的乳杆菌ALAC-3和ALAC-4为研究对象,以白假丝酵母为指示菌,通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱法研究了乳杆菌所产抑菌活性物质与酵母菌DNA的相互作用机制。结果表明:酵母菌DNA与乳杆菌所产抑菌活性物质反应后,其紫外吸收值减小,产生了减色效应;随着作用时间的延长,紫外吸收值增加,呈现增色效应。加入抑菌物质后,酵母菌DNA荧光强度降低。抑菌物质与EB-DNA复合体系反应后荧光强度降低,EB与抑菌物质-DNA复合体系反应后荧光强度增加,说明溶液体系存在抑菌物质-DNA与EB-DNA两个复合体系竞争。     

茜草色素光泽汀与DNA相互作用机理的研究

在p H 7.41的生理条件下,以溴化乙锭(EB)作为光谱探针,采用紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱等方法对茜草色素光泽汀(Luc)与DNA的相互作用机理做了初步探讨。同时还研究了光泽汀对DNA分子的热变性以及粘度影响。在碘化钾(KI)效应实验中,以碘化钾作为荧光猝灭剂探讨光泽汀与DNA分子之间的相互作用方式。循环伏安法法研究光泽汀在玻碳电极上的电化学规律,根据循环伏安曲线及溴化乙锭对光泽汀与DNA作用的影响,推断光泽汀与DNA主要作用方式为嵌插。结果显示:光泽汀与DNA之间相互作用的结合比为n(Luc):n(DNA)=2:1,Luc-DNA复合物的表观摩尔吸光系数ε=8.12×104 L/(mol·cm)。在光泽汀存在的条件下,DNA分子的热变性温度和粘度都会增加,并且在碘化钾效应实验中可降低碘化钾的荧光猝灭效应,同时Luc的电化学变化规律同EB相似。在本实验条件下,光泽汀与DNA分子之间的相互作用方式存在嵌插。     

乳清分离蛋白与单宁酸相互作用提高稻米油Pickering乳液的稳定性

通过碱法制备乳清分离蛋白(whey protein isolate,WPI)-单宁酸(tannic acid,TA)纳米颗粒,以粒径和电位为评价指标考察WPI与TA的复合比例对WPI-TA纳米颗粒形成的影响。接着选择最佳复合比例的WPI-TA纳米颗粒作为乳化剂,采用简单的剪切诱导乳化技术制备稻米油Pickering乳液,考察WPI与TA的相互作用对稻米油Pickering乳液的热稳定性、盐离子稳定性以及氧化稳定性的影响,探究Pickering乳液的稳定性机理。结果表明:WPI与TA的复合比例影响WPI-TA纳米颗粒的形成与稳定,傅里叶变换红外光谱表明WPI与TA之间的相互作用引起蛋白质二级结构的变化,TA的引入显著提高WPI-TA纳米颗粒的乳化活性,改善了Pickering乳液对温度和离子强度的稳定性,同时抑制了乳液在贮藏过程中一级和二级氧化物的生成。因此,WPI-TA纳米颗粒有望成为一种具有潜在优势的Pickering乳液稳定剂。     

厚朴水提物与大肠杆菌基因组DNA的结合方式

利用荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱、离子强度试验及DAPI-大肠杆菌DNA竞争性分析方法对生厚朴和姜厚朴水提物与大肠杆菌基因组DNA的作用方式进行研究。结果显示:加入DNA后姜厚朴和生厚朴水提物最大吸收峰的荧光强度出现淬灭;紫外-可见光谱显示水提物-DNA体系在305～325 nm内均衡存在,同时随着大肠杆菌DNA浓度的增加,姜厚朴和生厚朴水提物的吸光度值逐渐增大,发生增色效应;水提物-大肠杆菌DNA体系的荧光强度随NaCl浓度的增大而增加,说明厚朴及姜厚朴水提物与大肠杆菌DNA可能发生静电作用和/或沟槽作用;在竞争性试验中,加入厚朴及姜厚朴水提物后,荧光扫描图谱显示DAPI-大肠杆菌DNA体系出现减色效应。姜厚朴及生厚朴水提物与大肠杆菌DNA间通过沟槽结合的方式相互作用并生成非荧光型复合物。     

芝麻素及其衍生物与DNA相互作用的研究

在pH=7.4的生理条件下,采用紫外吸收光谱法、圆二色(CD)光谱法、DNA热变性法及粘度法对芝麻提取物芝麻酚(SL)、芝麻素(SN)及细辛脂素(AN)与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用机理进行初步探讨。研究结果显示,ctDNA能使三种化合物在290 nm附近处的紫外吸收峰产生减色效应,且伴随轻微的红移现象,ctDNA浓度越大,减色效应越明显,SL、SN及AN与ctDNA的结合常数大小分别为2.65×10~4、4.91×10~4、7.33×10~4 L/mol;三种化合物均能使ctDNA的正CD带(276 nm)增加,负CD带(246 nm)发生轻微的减小,且浓度越大,谱带变化越明显;三种化合物的存在条件下,ctDNA的熔点分别增加了1.75、2.51和6.63℃,且ctDNA粘度均有所增加。综合光谱学和粘度实验的结果,推断三种化合物与DNA的作用方式均为经典的嵌插方式,且作用强度大小为:ANSNSL。     

鱼皮明胶和多酚组装行为与相互作用

研究不同结构多酚与鱼皮明胶（fish skin gelatin,GLA）间的相互作用及组装行为,期望对水产品加工、副产品的利用和新型食品配料的开发提供科学依据,同时为多酚-蛋白质复合物在食品领域的应用提供理论指导。选取单宁酸（tannic acid,TA）、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG）、没食子酸3 种含有不同数量邻三元酚结构的多酚为研究对象,以体系浊度和复合物粒径为考察指标,探讨多酚添加量、pH值对GLA和多酚体系的组装行为的影响。采用荧光光谱和等温滴定量热法探究多酚与GLA之间的相互作用机制。结果显示：TA、EGCG在一定浓度下均可与GLA发生组装形成多酚-GLA纳米复合物,且随着pH值的变化,体系透光率可实现可逆转变。荧光光谱结果分析发现3 种多酚均可以和GLA形成多酚-GLA复合物导致GLA内源荧光的猝灭,猝灭机制为静态猝灭。等温滴定量热法表明TA和GLA结合的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力,而EGCG和GLA间的相互作用主要为静电相互作用。     

银杏酚C15∶1与鲱鱼精DNA相互作用的光谱研究

目的:研究银杏酚C15∶1与DNA的相互作用情况。方法:吖啶橙(AO)为荧光探针,在293 K和310 K p H7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液中,采用荧光光谱法、粘度法和热溶解实验研究银杏酚C15∶1和鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用方式。结果:银杏酚C15∶1与AO-DNA之间的猝灭方式为静态猝灭,根据热力学参数确定作用力类型是以氢键作用为主,判断银杏酚C15∶1与AO-DNA之间的作用方式主要是嵌插作用。结论:粘度法及热变性实验结果进一步证明银杏酚C15∶1与AO-DNA之间的主要作用方式是嵌插模式。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status