功能性壳寡糖在食品领域的应用研究进展

壳寡糖主要以壳聚糖为原料，经生物酶解加工而成，具有分子量小、聚合度低、水溶性好等特点，分子量小于3 000 Da的壳寡糖很容易通过肠道代谢被肠上皮吸收，具有多种生物功能活性。该文就小分子量的壳寡糖在调节肠道菌群、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、保护肝脏、降尿酸、降血糖等方面的功能活性进行综述，对小于3 000 Da分子量壳寡糖的功能活性进行比较分析，并充分探究不同分子量和聚合度的壳寡糖的作用机制，结合目前壳寡糖的应用现状，分析壳寡糖未来的发展趋势，为壳寡糖在食品等领域的广泛应用提供参考。     

中华鳖酶解产物的理化性质及促成骨细胞增殖活性分析

本文使用碱性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶水解中华鳖骨和肉、壳和裙边制备中华鳖功能性肽，并对其主要构象变化、粒度等理化性质进行分析。同时通过测定各酶解物对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖情况的影响对其潜在的骨密度调节活性进行评价。结果显示，中华鳖壳和裙边干粉蛋白含量为54.18%，骨和肉干粉蛋白质含量为80.38%。酶解2 h后，碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的酶解产物分子量集中分布于1000?Da以下，胃蛋白酶酶解产物分子量分布较为均匀。酶解产物的结构以无规则卷曲为主，粒径集中分布于20和200 nm区域，说明酶解较为充分。酶解产物中赖氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸和苏氨酸等必需氨基酸的含量较高，非必需氨基酸中甘氨酸、丙氨酸和脯氨酸的含量相对较高。其中，胃蛋白酶酶解中华鳖骨和肉后必需氨基酸的总量达39.81%。细胞实验结果显示，六种酶解产物均有一定的促成骨细胞增殖活性，壳和裙边酶解物的增殖活性强于骨肉酶解物，其中胃蛋白酶酶解的壳和裙边产物活性最强，说明中华鳖酶解产物具有潜在的骨密度调节活性。本研究对于中华鳖等产品的深加工提供了可行性分析和理论参考。     

WZ—25挖掘装载机动臂的改进设计

根据WZ－25挖掘机的典型工况，采用ADINA程序中的壳单元对单板结构动臂进行有限元离散，计算出了动臂边界的应力分布图。与原变截面箱结构相比，新型的单板结构动臂在实际作业过程中受载均匀，结构简单，降低了生产成本。     

三聚甲醛/水换热器的数值模拟及结构改进

针对某大型化工企业的三聚甲醛/水换热器在生产中发生的失效问题,借助于ANSYS FLUENT 15.0软件对换热器的流体流动以及传热进行数值模拟。通过分析管程和壳程流体的流速分布、温度分布及压力分布情况,找到产生故障的原因,提出结构改进措施,并采用数值模拟的方法,验证结构改进的合理性。研究结果表明:改变管程进口的方向和距离,调整壳程进、出口的位置,并在管程和壳程进口处加防冲档板能够使管程和壳程进、出口处的流场分布趋于均匀;降低流体对管束的冲击力,改善管束周边的应力分布状态。结构改进后可有效防止事故的发生。     

板栗壳黄酮结构分析及其对胰脂肪酶活力的抑制作用

在分析板栗壳黄酮结构的基础上，研究其对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用及类型。采用醇提法提取板栗壳中的黄酮，并用AB-8大孔吸附树脂进行纯化，冻干后得到的黄酮含量为（107.50±1.00）mg/g，提取得率为（5.66±0.05）%。利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱联用技术对板栗壳黄酮进行结构分析，鉴定出8 种黄酮类化合物。采用对硝基苯酚法测定胰脂肪酶活力，分别考察板栗壳黄酮对胰脂肪酶的抑制效果及不同反应条件下板栗壳黄酮对胰脂肪酶活性的影响，结果表明，板栗壳黄酮对胰脂肪酶有较好的抑制作用，半抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration，IC50）为0.074 mg/mL，且使胰脂肪酶最适pH值向碱性偏移。通过Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法确定其抑制类型为非竞争性抑制，抑制常数Ki＝53.19 mg/mL。由此可见，板栗壳黄酮是一种效果良好的胰脂肪酶抑制剂。     

浓香型白酒糟醅中糠壳超微结构表征研究

糠壳作为酿造浓香型白酒的主要辅料，其质量好坏直接影响酒体的质量。通过对发酵糟醅中糠壳的超微结构进行追踪，初步以不同外观颜色对糠壳进行分类，研究糠壳在发酵过程中显微结构的变化情况。结果表明，不同颜色的糠壳吸水性差异较大，浅色糠壳吸水率110%，深色糠壳吸水率40%，深褐色糠壳吸水率仅为20%。从扫描电镜观察可知浅色糠壳微孔结构明显，孔径大小无规则；深色糠壳内部的微孔结构减少，微孔中充满了由真菌与细菌等微生物大量繁殖带来的填充物；深褐色糠壳维管束软化，内部结构空洞化严重。本次试验初步研究糠壳在酿酒过程中自身细微结构变化，旨在为白酒酿造辅料功能的研究提供新思路和新方向，为完善酿酒动态过程提供理论基础。     

谈电化铝烫印

本文主要谈压力对烫印电化铝的影响。众所周知,烫印压力是烫印电化铝的必要条件,而这里着重强调均匀二字,即均匀的烫印压力。烫印压力是否均匀,一方面取决于压力的大小,另一方面还取决于压印板上垫贴的材料。近来我们在烫印一本精装书壳时(此书壳用吹塑纸做封面,其表面有花纹,不     

试论汽车后桥壳的焊接工艺设计

在社会经济越来越发达的今天，越来越多的人们为了方便出行而配置了汽车，这就直接促进了汽车销量的大幅度提高。同时的，人们对于汽车本身的性能也提出了更高的要求。汽车后桥壳是汽车结构中重要的组成部分，焊接成形成为当前我国汽车后桥壳的主要加工工工艺，后桥壳焊接工艺的好坏将对汽车的整体性能产生影响。在汽车结构中，承重和传力以及弯矩扭矩都由汽车的后桥来承受，因此对于后桥壳的焊接工艺有着很高的要求。文章主要对汽车后桥壳的焊接工艺进行分析，以供参考借鉴。     

壳寡糖功能特性研究进展

壳寡糖是一种2~10个氨基葡萄糖以β-1, 4糖苷键连接组成的碱性天然寡糖，通常由壳聚糖经化学、物理或酶法水解制备。壳寡糖具备多种重要的生物活性，如防治与代谢相关的糖尿病、高血脂症，抗肿瘤，缓解退行性疾病阿尔兹海默病、骨关节炎，提高免疫力等。已有许多研究者对其功能特性进行前期探索，获取大量有效数据，因此壳寡糖具备广阔的开发前景。本文专门对近年来壳寡糖功能特性研究及作用机理进行了论述，并分析了目前壳寡糖研究中存在的问题，以期为后续深入研究提供参考依据。     

莲籽壳仁分离清选机的研究

根据莲籽壳、仁间的物理属性，设计了能一次完成莲籽壳、仁分离和清选的机械；并对分离过程中莲籽混合物的相关运动特性及运动轨迹进行了分析，确定了相关的主要参数。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.