新疆吐鲁番地区不同品种甜瓜营养成分分析及品质综合评价

以新疆吐鲁番地区种植的8个甜瓜品种（纳斯蜜、花玫、风味5号、风味8号、西州密17号、西州密25号、比谢克辛、俊秀）的成熟果实为试材,通过测定主要的营养品质指标及功能活性指标,对甜瓜果实品质进行比较及综合评价。结果表明,8个不同品种甜瓜果实品质之间有较为明显的差异,纳斯蜜的维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白质、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖的含量较高;花玫的果肉较硬,且厚度宽、果形指数高;风味系列的两种甜瓜类黄酮含量高、DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率较其他甜瓜大;俊秀的单果重最高,维生素C含量最低;其他品种甜瓜的含量处于平均水平。主成分分析结果表明,可将评价甜瓜果实品质的指标用4个因子表示,可溶性固形物、维生素C、总酚、ABTS自由基清除率、柠檬酸、葡萄糖、果糖、葡萄糖和果形指数的含量可作为其营养价值评价的重要指标;通过聚类分析,将8个不同品种的甜瓜分为4大类,第1类为‘风味8号’和‘风味5号’,具有酸甜风味;第2类为‘西州密17号’、‘西州密25号’、‘比谢克辛’和‘纳斯蜜’,具有较高的营养价值;第3类为‘花玫’,果形指数最好;第4类为‘俊秀’,单果重与其他品种比较具有明显优势。综合评价显示‘纳斯蜜’果实品质最优,‘西州密25号’、‘花玫’、‘风味5号’和‘比谢克辛’较优,其余品种品质较差。     

不同甜椒品种鲜切加工适宜性评价

以我国华北地区主要栽培的中椒105、塔兰多、0808、翠龙216 四个甜椒品种为实验材料,评价其鲜切加工适宜性。实验材料采收后在(10±1)℃温度条件下贮存,分别于0、7、14、21、28d取样,测定其VC含量、硬度、果肉厚、可溶性固形物含量、出品率及评价感官品质,采用层次分析法和灰色关联度分析方法进行综合评价。层次分析法结果表明：对于鲜切加工来讲,甜椒的感官品质、VC含量及出品率是最重要的3个评价指标,其相对权重分别为44.94%、23.73%、14.04%,占总权重的82.71%;灰色关联分析结果表明：塔兰多是最适宜鲜切后直接食用的甜椒品种,具有感官品质好、出品率高等特点,其次为中椒105,而0808和翠龙216较适于烹饪食用。     

甜瓜营养品质分析及其代表性指标探究

在分析获得甜瓜中18项营养品质指标数据基础上,通过主成分分析,对甜瓜品质代表性指标进行研究筛选,再借助聚类分析方法,探讨13种不同品种甜瓜的营养品质特点。结果显示:18项指标中灰分、脂肪、V_(B1)、烟酸、酒石酸、蔗糖、总糖、可溶性固形物、总酸在对应主成分中的载荷值相对较高,能较好地反映数据整体变异情况;受试13种甜瓜大致可聚为两类,第1类以86、杂交伽师瓜为代表;第2类以伽师瓜、西州蜜25号为代表。综上所述:灰分、脂肪、V_(B1)、烟酸、酒石酸、蔗糖、总糖、可溶性固形物、总酸可作为甜瓜品质特点的代表性表征指标;以86、杂交伽师瓜为代表的一类甜瓜具有灰分、V_(B1)、烟酸、酒石酸、蔗糖、总糖、可溶性固形物含量相对丰富的特点;以伽师瓜、西州蜜25号为代表的一类甜瓜具有脂肪和总酸含量相对丰富的特点。     

不同品种鲜食型甘薯烘烤后品质的研究

为探究不同甘薯品种烘烤后的品质,以8个不同品种的甘薯为材料,测定其品种特征特性及烤制后的相关理化、感官、质构特性等指标,并对各指标进行相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明,冀薯8号的干率最高,蛋白质含量最低;济薯26干率、总糖含量和淀粉含量均最低;冀薯7号总糖含量和淀粉含量最高;冀粉2号蛋白质含量最高;冀紫薯3号纤维素含量最高;冀元1号的纤维素含量最低。基于质构指标及主成分分析建立2个模型,得出8种甘薯质构综合得分由高到低依次为冀紫薯3号、冀粉3号、冀粉2号、烟薯25、济薯26、冀薯7号、冀元1号、冀薯8号。感官评价得出冀粉2号接受度最好,冀薯8号接受度最差。相关性分析表明营养品质、质地品质及感官品质之间具有一定的相关性。综合分析得出冀粉2号为8个甘薯品种中最优品种,其次是烟薯25、冀紫薯3号、济薯26、冀粉3号、冀薯7号、冀元1号、冀薯8号。     

形状记忆高分子智能膜对蔬菜感官和营养品质影响的对比研究

目的:本实验研究探讨冷藏条件下SMP对蔬菜感官和营养品质的影响.方法:选择5种蔬菜按照容积比随机保存于风冷式冰箱的三个保鲜盒中:A盒覆PE保鲜膜密封、B盒覆SMP膜盖板密封、C盒覆调湿盖板.分别于冷藏后第5、10d,由6名实验人员对蔬菜进行视觉、手感、气味、喜爱程度、认为可食等感官指标评分;并测定VC、VB2和胡萝卜素的含量.结果表明尽管蔬菜感官品质随冷藏时间延长而下降(p＜0.01),但和A、C盒相比,B盒蔬菜水分含量及各感官指标评分明显较高(p＜0.05).维生素分析结果显示,VC损失率受蔬菜品种、冷藏时间影响较大,品种和时间存在明显交互关系(p＜0.01),但各维生素损失率在三个保鲜盒间未见统计学显著差异.结论:SMP膜能改善冷藏条件下蔬菜保水性能和感官品质,但未证明具有减少营养素损失的作用.     

BTH浸泡处理对厚皮甜瓜采后病害的控制及贮藏品质的影响

为了探讨BTH浸泡处理对厚皮甜瓜采后病害的控制及贮藏品质的影响,以‘玉金香’厚皮甜瓜为试材,用0.1g/L BTH常温浸泡处理10min,研究处理对粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)损伤接种果实病斑面积和自然发病率的抑制以及对果实主要贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:BTH处理显著降低了(P<0.05)果实损伤接种T.roseum的病斑面积和常温贮藏期间的自然发病率;BTH处理明显诱导了果实体内苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)等防御酶活性的增强。此外,BTH处理还有效减缓了果实质量损失率和可溶性果胶含量的上升,明显延缓了果实硬度、VC和可溶性固形物含量(SSC)的下降,推迟了果皮颜色的转黄,从而延缓了甜瓜果实采后衰老进程,提高了果实的采后抗病性和贮藏品质。     

新疆地区栽培5种甜瓜营养成分比较分析

对新疆栽培甜瓜的品质进行分析及评价,分析比较新疆栽培的奎克拜热、辟山、风味8号、绿肉伽师瓜及金龙5个品种甜瓜的营养成分(糖类物质、矿物质、氨基酸及其有机酸含量)。结果表明,5个不同品种甜瓜基本营养成分含量差异显著。绿肉伽师瓜的水分、蛋白质含量最高,分别为148.66 g/100 g、1.36%。风味8号的水分、蛋白质含量最低,分别为73.65 g/100 g、0.80%。金龙的可溶性固形物、总糖含量最高,分别为12.60%、8.40 g/100 g。奎克拜热可溶性固形物、总糖含量最低,分别为8.30%、5.60 g/100 g。风味8号总酸含量最高,为2.56 g/kg,金龙总酸含量最低,为0.68 g/kg;5个不同品种甜瓜中主要的糖类物质为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,未检出麦芽糖。果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的含量差异显著;5个不同品种甜瓜钙、钾、镁、磷、钠、铁、锌、铜、锰含量差异显著,而硒含量差异不显著;5个不同品种甜瓜的氨基酸总和量差异显著,其含量为绿肉伽师瓜金龙辟山奎克拜热风味8号。在各品种甜瓜中除丙氨酸含量差异显著外,其余各氨基酸的含量差异不显著;5个不同品种甜瓜中未检出丁二酸和己二酸,主要的有机酸为柠檬酸,其次为苹果酸、酒石酸、富马酸。     

贮藏温度对甜瓜果实采后病害和生理代谢的影响

以甘肃省厚皮甜瓜主产品种黄河蜜、玉金香和天露为试验材料,分别在7～8℃、15～17℃和20～22℃条件下研究温度对甜瓜保鲜及采后生理代谢的影响。结果表明:低温下贮藏的甜瓜发病晚、感病轻;低温还可以延缓厚皮甜瓜呼吸高峰的出现及细胞膜完整性的破坏、减缓甜瓜可溶性固形物的消耗,从而延缓甜瓜果实的成熟衰老,具有良好的保鲜效果。     

燕麦片加工品质评价及其品种相关性研究

拟通过燕麦品种间品质性状的差异来寻求燕麦片加工品质的客观评价方法,并从中筛选出适宜加工燕麦片的优良品种.结果显示,燕麦品种间在粗脂肪、粗纤维、千粒重及β-葡聚糖含量等理化指标上存在较大变异;燕麦片的理化和感官评价指标中以汤汁黏度、口感、色泽等指标对产品整体品质影响最为显著.从燕麦片的营养和食用品质综合考虑,从34个国产燕麦品种中筛选出适宜加工燕麦片的5个优质品种-坝莜1号(河北产)、白燕2号(山西产)、坝莜3号、张莜1号、定莜2号.     

不同品种（系）红花芽苗菜产量和品质研究

旨在研究红花种子不同亚油酸含量与其芽苗菜的质量关系,为红花芽苗菜的科学生产提供参考。对8个不同亚油酸含量的品种(系)红花芽苗菜产量和品质进行分析比较。结果显示,种子中PI305192亚油酸含量最高,其芽苗菜下胚轴长度和可食鲜重均最大,鲜重显著(P0.05)高于PI544040及其他品种(系)。川红1号和PI198294亚油酸含量极显著(P0.01)低于PI305192,但又极显著高于PI401479和PI470942,其中川红1号芽苗菜可溶性蛋白含量最高,与PI305192和PI198294相比差异不显著;游离氨基酸和可溶性糖含量,PI198294和川红1号极显著高于其他品种(系);总多酚含量以川红1号、PI198294和PI544040较其他品种(系)高;川红1号总黄酮含量高,PI198294总黄酮含量也不低。说明川红1号和PI198294芽苗菜品质较优。试验还发现,红花种子亚油酸含量与芽苗菜的可食鲜重、可食干重及可溶性蛋白含量极显著正相关,而种子油酸含量则与上述指标呈极显著负相关。总体上,种子亚油酸含量高的品种(系),其芽苗菜产量和部分品质较油酸含量高的品种(系)相对更好。     

短波紫外线照射和60Co-γ辐照处理对大樱桃贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同射线辐照处理对大樱桃果实保鲜效果的影响,采用不同剂量短波紫外线（short-wave ultraviolet light,UV-C）照射（1.37、2.05、2.74 kJ/m2）和60Co-γ辐照（0.75、1.5、2.25 kGy）分别处理大樱桃果实,定期检测其冷藏期间生理品质指标和果皮超微结构变化。结果表明：贮藏15 d内,1.37 kJ/m2照射和0.75 kGy辐照较对照组可显著延缓大樱桃果实好果率下降、抑制果实质量损失,较好保持果实质地特性,促进花青素合成,有效抑制过氧化物酶与超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,但对可溶性固形物含量影响不大,且会引起丙二醛含量增加。由于两种处理对好果率、硬度、质量损失率、花青素等感官品质核心指标具有良好的积极作用,因此对丙二醛的不利变化并不足以影响到果实的商品品质评价。电子显微镜结果显示,大樱桃经1.37 kJ/m2照射和0.75 kGy辐照处理后,与对照组相比,能在一定程度上减轻果皮细胞膜、线粒体、叶绿体等细胞结构的损伤程度,显著延缓果皮细胞衰老。此外,在贮藏前期与末期,1.37 kJ/m2照射和0.75 kGy辐照所发挥的作用并不相同。针对于5 d以内的短期贮藏,可采用1.37 kJ/m2 UV-C照射,而长期贮藏则以0.75 kGy 60Co-γ辐照效果更好。     

Effect of nitrogen fertilisation levels on melon fruit quality at the harvest time and during storage

BACKGROUND: The quality of melon fruit depends upon many factors that can be affected by growing conditions and post-harvest management. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilisation levels on the fruit quality at harvest time and during storage. Experiments were performed in an open field using melon plants (Cucumis melo L. Var. Reticulatus cv. Prodigio). The nitrogen (N) was applied through fertigation using four fertilisation levels: 0, 55, 110 and 165 kg ha⁻¹. After harvest the fruits were stored at 10 °C for 8 days. At harvest time the yield, flesh firmness, skin and pulp colours, content of carotenoids, total phenols, ascorbic acid (AsA) and ethylene production were measured on fruits differently fertilised. RESULTS: The total marketable fruit yield and fruit nitrogen content linearly increased with N levels. Antioxidant compounds decreased after storage but were not affected by N fertilisation levels. However, total carotenoids, total phenols, and AsA declined during storage. CONCLUSION: All the quality parameters did not appear to be affected by N level at either harvest time or after storage. Therefore it is advisable to reduce nitrogen input for cultivation without compromising quality and yields. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Quality Measurement of Intact and Fresh-cut Slices of Fuji, Granny Smith, Pink Lady, and GoldRush Apples

ABSTRACT: Development of fresh-cut apple products requires consideration of cultivars that store well as both intact and fresh-cut fruit. We compared the instrumental and sensory quality of 2 apple cultivars, Granny Smith and Fuji, that are used for fresh cutting with 2 new cultivars, Pink Lady and GoldRush, which were considered to have quality characteristics suitable for fresh cutting. Firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), and aromatic volatile concentration were measured in intact fruit of the 4 cultivars during 12 mo storage in air at 0 °C and during 3 wk storage at 5 °C as fresh-cut slices. After 1 wk storage as fresh-cut slices, sensory evaluations for acceptability of flesh and peel appearance, flavor, texture, and overall eating quality were performed. During storage, GoldRush apples maintained > 80 N firmness, approximately 17% SSC, > 0.5% TA, and had high aromatic volatile production, that is, maintained quality better than the other cultivars. The quality and shelf stability of GoldRush slices were also as good as or better than slices from the other cultivars, whereas Granny Smith slices generally rated lower than the other cultivars. The acceptability of flavor, texture, and overall eating quality of GoldRush slices was as good as that for Pink Lady and Fuji. The quality of GoldRush apples can be maintained throughout the year in refrigerated air storage and still remain suitable for fresh-cut processing. The results indicate that GoldRush and Pink Lady are 2 promising new, high-quality apple cultivars for fresh cutting. Keywords: fresh-cut fruit, Malus × domestica , postharvest quality, respiration rate, shelf life     

SHELF-LIFE AND QUALITY OF‘NAVAHO’ AND ‘SHAWNEE’ BLACKBERRY FRUIT STORED UNDER RETAIL STORAGE CONDITIONS1

The quality of soft-fruited (‘Shawnee’) and firm-fruited (‘Navaho’) blackberry cultivars held under simulated retail conditions was determined. Leakage and decay increased during storage and exceeded 20% in 'Shawnee’ fruit after 14 days at 2C or 7 days at 5C, while ‘Navaho’ held under similar conditions was still marketable (<10% decay). Transferring fruit to 20C for 2 days after low temperature storage intervals was detrimental to fruit quality, resulting in increased weight loss, leakage, decay and softening in both cultivars. After retail warming, ‘Shawnee’ fruit lost 25% of marketable fruit while‘Navaho’ had a 10% loss. Soluble solids concentration did not change significantly during storage, but titratable acidity declined 40–50%. Anthocyanin content increased from 20–100% depending on cultivar, storage temperature and storage intervals. The sugar composition of blackberries before storage was about 10, 260 and 260 mg/g dry weight, glucose, and fructose, respectively. Sucrose and glucose decreased and fructose increased slightly during storage. Warming fruit after low temperature storage did not accelerate loss of total sugars. If held constantly at 2C, ‘Navaho’ could be held 21 days.     

不同贮藏温度对采后伽师瓜果实冷害及品质的影响

为了研究不同贮藏温度对采后伽师瓜果实冷害及品质的影响,分别对0.5、3.0 ℃和21.0 ℃贮藏条件下的 伽师瓜果实的腐烂率、质量损失率、冷害指数、硬度及脂肪酸去饱和酶（fatty acid desaturases,FADs）、脂氧合 酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）、三磷酸腺苷酶（adenosine triphosphatase,ATPase）活力变化进行测定。结果表明：伽 师瓜果实冷害的发生与贮藏温度及持续时间相关,3.0 ℃和0.5 ℃贮藏易遭受冷害,但0.5 ℃贮藏条件下冷害出现较 晚,低温更好地缓解了果实的腐烂现象,维持较高的FADs和ATPase活力,抑制了LOX活力的升高,提高了果实的 抗寒性;21.0 ℃贮藏虽未发生冷害,但果实质量损失率较大,腐烂率较高。不同贮藏温度下伽师瓜果实各种指标的 测定结果表明0.5 ℃条件下贮藏果实品质更好。     

CPPU处理对‘华优’猕猴桃品质及耐贮性的影响

以‘华优’猕猴桃为试材,于盛花后15 d分别用10、20 mg/L氯吡苯脲(1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea,CPPU)浸蘸猕猴桃幼果,清水作为对照,研究不同质量浓度CPPU处理对采后‘华优’果实的品质和耐贮性影响。结果表明:CPPU处理能有效增大果实单果质量,且增幅与CPPU使用质量浓度呈正比,但CPPU处理不同程度降低了果实外观品质(果形指数)和风味营养品质含量(干物质含量、可溶性总糖含量、糖酸比、VC含量),20 mg/L处理时负面影响最为严重。CPPU处理降低了果实耐贮性,贮藏过程中,20 mg/L处理其呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、膜损伤程度高于其他处理,果实冷敏性提高,冷害率、冷害指数显著高于对照,贮藏90 d后果实质量损失率高,好果率低。10 mg/L处理对果实品质、耐贮性损害显著小于20 mg/L但大于对照。     

POSTHARVEST SENSORY AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF PROCESSING AND NONPROCESSING TOMATO CULTIVARS

Fruits of processing and nonprocessing tomato cultivars harvested at the “breaker” stage of maturity were evaluated for changes in physical, chemical and sensory quality characteristics during storage at 20C and 30C after 7, 14 and 21 days. Percentage marketable fruits after 21 days at 20C and 30C were 61.9% and 56.6% for processing cultivars and 65.9% and 50.9% for nonprocessing cultivars. Fruits of the processing cultivars ripened earlier, remained firmer and were less prone to physical injuries than fruits of nonprocessing cultivars. Nonprocessing fruits had a higher mean fruit weight of 17.0 g, fruit diameter of 1.10 mm and locule number of 13 compared with fruits of the processing cultivars. Nonprocessing fruit cultivars had higher sugar/acid ratios and vitamin C contents as well as lower pH and total titratable acidity than processing fruit cultivars. Accordingly, nonprocessing cultivars on the whole, but specifically Walters, Floradel, Carnival, Calypso, Star Pak, Floradade and Early Set were most suitable as fresh-market fruits. Excellent processing quality attributes were obtained for Donore, Peto 94C, Rio Grande and Advantage. Among processing cultivars Caraibe, Cascade, Dorado and Neema 1401 gave good dual purpose fruits.     

包装材料对鲜切西兰花贮藏品质的影响

为了延长西兰花货架期,采用4 种膜包装鲜切西兰花,研究其在贮藏期品质的变化。将鲜切西兰花分别用 聚偏二氯乙烯（polyvinylidene chloride,PVDC）、聚乙烯（polyethlene,PE）、低密度PE、聚甲基戊烯4 种膜 包装,贮藏期间每3 d测定西兰花生理生化指标。结果表明：随着贮藏时间的延长,西兰花的品质逐渐下降;贮 藏12 d时,采用PVDC膜包装的西兰花的VC含量、可溶性固形物质量分数、过氧化物酶活力最高,质量损失率、 呼吸强度、丙二醛含量及多酚氧化酶活力最低;但PVDC膜在叶绿素保持及提高超氧化物歧化酶活力方面不如PE 膜。综合分析得出,鲜切西兰花贮藏0～9 d,PVDC膜保鲜效果最好;贮藏9～12 d,PE膜包装的商品性最高。     

臭氧处理对新疆厚皮甜瓜贮藏品质和生理特性的影响

研究4 种不同贮藏条件（－1～0 ℃条件下5×10－6 m3/m3（以空气计）臭氧处理和5～6 ℃条件下2×10－6、4×10－6 m3/m3臭氧及2%～5% O2结合2%～4% CO2处理）对新疆厚皮甜瓜贮藏品质和生理特性的影响,贮藏过程中每15 d测定呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、pH值、果肉硬度、还原糖含量和过氧化物酶（POD）活性;贮藏68 d统计所有处理组甜瓜的腐烂和冷害情况。结果表明：低温冷藏（－1～0 ℃）条件下的甜瓜呼吸强度最低,但是出现了冷害现象,68 d时冷害指数为39%;贮藏于5～6 ℃条件下每日通入30 min2×10－6 m3/m3臭氧气体的甜瓜贮藏效果好于对照组,贮藏于5～6 ℃条件下每日通入30 min 4×10－6 m3/m3臭氧气体的甜瓜贮藏效果最好,其中呼吸高峰延迟出现,且呼吸强度降低,同时乙烯释放速率最小,还原糖含量、果肉硬度和POD活性较高,68 d时的腐烂指数仅为0.318;5～6 ℃环境下的气调（2%～5% O2）甜瓜可滴定酸含量最高,与其他处理组的差异性极显著（P＜0.01）;对照果实贮藏效果最差。     

Effect of Processing Under Ultraviolet Light on the Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe Melon

ABSTRACT: The effect of processing cantaloupe melon under ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation on storage properties of the cut fruit at 10 °C was compared with post-cut UV-C fruit treatment and the untreated control. Cutting fruit under UV-C light induced a hypersensitive defense response that resulted in increased accumulation of ascorbate peroxidase relative to the other 2 treatments. Fruit processed under UV-C radiation had the lowest esterase activity throughout the storage period. Lipase activity was higher in post-cut treated fruit than fruit processed under UV-C light and the control fruit. Lipase activity, however, decreased rapidly in fruit processed under UV-C and was undetectable after 7 d of storage. Human sensory aroma evaluation indicates reduced rancidity, and instrumental texture measurements suggested improved firmness retention in fruit cut under UV-C radiation. The treatment also reduced respiration during cut fruit storage. UV-C was effective in reducing yeast, mold, and Pseudomonas spp populations in both treatments. Fresh-cut pieces from whole melon cut under UV light had lower populations of aerobic mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria relative to the control and post-cut treated pieces. Results indicate that while post-cut application of UV improved shelf life of cut cantaloupe melon, cutting fruit under UV-C radiation further improves product quality.