棉籽蛋白功能特性的研究

考察了棉籽浓缩蛋白、沉淀蛋白和溶解蛋白3种棉籽蛋白的氮溶指数、吸水性、吸油性、起泡性与泡沫稳定性、乳化性与乳化稳定性等功能特性。结果表明,棉籽溶解蛋白的乳化性和起泡性较佳;棉籽浓缩蛋白和沉淀蛋白,除吸油、吸水能力强之外,其他的功能特性均较差。在吸水性方面,棉籽蛋白的吸水性要低于菜籽沉淀蛋白,但高于大豆沉淀蛋白。在吸油性方面,棉籽蛋白均低于菜籽蛋白和大豆蛋白。     

长白山榛仁分离蛋白及其主要组分的功能性质研究

本文以长白山榛仁为原料,采用Osborne蛋白分级提取法得到纯度为72.32%、68.72%、40.60%的清蛋白(PAP),球蛋白(PGP)和谷蛋白(PLP),采用碱溶酸沉法得到纯度为90.31%的分离蛋白,对比分析四种蛋白的功能性质,结果显示:分离蛋白总巯基含量最高为6.71μmol/g,清蛋白暴露巯基和二硫键含量最高分别为2.28μmol/g和60.40μmol/g。四种蛋白起泡性和泡沫稳定性随p H增大趋势相反,在p H 5时,起泡性最低而泡沫稳定性最高,在偏酸或偏碱条件下,起泡性较好而泡沫稳定性皆较差。谷蛋白吸水性和吸油性均最高分别为3.40 m L/g和2.52 m L/g,清蛋白吸水性和吸油性最低分别为0.63 m L/g和1.79 m L/g。四种蛋白质的溶解性,乳化性以及乳化稳定性随p H变化趋势相似,在等电点时最低。清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白和分离蛋白中必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的29.83%、32.14%、35.23%和30.32%,除蛋氨酸外均能满足FAO/WHO规定成人需要摄入量。     

樟树籽仁蛋白的组成及功能性质研究

采用以石油醚低温脱脂的樟树籽仁为原料,按照Osborne蛋白分级提取方法对樟树籽仁蛋白进行精细的分类,分别得到了樟树籽仁清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白四种组分,分别占总蛋白的25.64%、23.51%、2.32%和30.14%。在此基础上,研究了各蛋白组分的功能性质,包括溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性以及起泡性和起泡稳定性。结果表明,樟树籽仁清蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、乳化性及乳化稳定性和起泡性及其稳定性较好,分别为59.15%、2.5 g/g、72.92%、80%和123%。樟树籽仁球蛋白的吸油性最好,为4.19 g/g。     

米胚分离蛋白营养和功能性评价

利用氨基酸自动分析仪检测米胚4种Osborne分离蛋白中的氨基酸组成,以氨基酸评分(AAS)、蛋白质功效比值(PER)、生物价(BV)及体外消化率为评价标准,对米胚蛋白各组分的营养价值进行评价。结果表明:谷蛋白的氨基酸评分最高,为80.90,清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白符合FAO/WHO推荐的参考蛋白模式,其PER值与优质蛋白的衡量标准值2.00接近,BV值较高,在体外的营养消化效率较好,醇溶蛋白的品质相对较差。对米胚四种蛋白的起泡性、起泡稳定性、吸水性、吸油性等功能性质进行测定,结果表明:pH 5时4种蛋白的起泡性最低,起泡稳定性最好;清蛋白、球蛋白的吸水性比醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白好,醇溶蛋白的吸油性最好;米胚蛋白各组分的表面疏水性较高,需进一步进行改性处理。     

非洲山毛豆蛋白质组成及其功能特性研究

以山毛豆种子为原料,研究其蛋白质组成及其功能特性。结果表明,脱脂山毛豆粉的总蛋白质量分数为47.11%,其中清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的质量分数分别为64.04%、8.83%、11.06%和14.50%,另有1.57%的难溶复合蛋白。清蛋白和谷蛋白在pH4和球蛋白和醇溶蛋白在pH5溶解性、起泡性、乳化性均差,而泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性较好。各蛋白组分的持水持油性均较好。在pH5或pH4的条件下,清蛋白和球蛋白的溶解性、起泡性和乳化性较好,其余蛋白组分相对较差。与大豆蛋白相比,山毛豆主要蛋白清蛋白有较好的溶解度、持水持油性、起泡性、泡沫稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性。     

南瓜籽蛋白的提取分离及性质研究

南瓜籽粕经醇洗、盐提酸沉后制得南瓜籽分离蛋白,对其溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和起泡性进行了研究,并与大豆分离蛋白进行比较。发现南瓜籽分离蛋白的吸水性、吸油性稍低于大豆分离蛋白,而起泡性和起泡稳定性都高于大豆分离蛋白,乳化活力和乳化稳定性稍稍高于大豆分离蛋白。南瓜籽分离蛋白SDS-PAGE显示南瓜籽分离蛋白由9条主带组成。     

红小豆分离蛋白功能特性研究

研究红小豆分离蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性,并与大豆分离蛋白进行对比。结果表明:红小豆分离蛋白在较低的pH值下具有更好的溶解性,吸油性、乳化性和起泡性与大豆分离蛋白相当,但比大豆分离蛋白具有更好的乳化稳定性和起泡稳定性。     

加工条件对大黄鱼鱼肉抗氧化肽功能特性的影响

研究了不同加工条件下大黄鱼鱼肉抗氧化肽的溶解性、吸水性、持水性、吸油性、表观黏度、乳化能力、起泡性等功能特性。结果表明,大黄鱼鱼肉抗氧化肽的等电点处于pH 4.0左右,该pH值条件下,抗氧化肽的溶解性和乳化性表现为最低,而乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性最高。此外,大黄鱼抗氧化肽展现了良好的吸水性、吸油性和流动性,但持水性相对较差。大黄鱼鱼肉抗氧化肽可作为一种生产功能性食品的潜在添加剂。     

蚕豆分离蛋白的制备及其功能性质研究

研究了蚕豆分离蛋白的制备工艺，确定了蚕豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺参数，并对蚕豆分离蛋白的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性及乳化稳定性、起泡性、凝胶性等功能性质进行了研究。研究结果表明：蚕豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件为pH值8．0、提取时间20min、提取温度50℃、料水比1：15；蚕豆分离蛋白的吸油性、乳化稳定性和起泡性优于大豆分离蛋白，吸水性、乳化性较差。     

桃仁清蛋白与大豆分离蛋白功能特性比较研究

为提高桃仁清蛋白(PKA)在食品工业中的应用,将其与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)对照,研究了PKA的溶解性、持水性、持油性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性和凝胶性等功能特性.结果表明:与SPI相比,PKA具有很好的溶解性、泡沫稳定性、乳化稳定性及较低的凝胶质量浓度,持油性略高于SPI,但起泡性、乳化性及持水性较差;PKA溶解性受溶解条件影响较小.PKA具有良好的功能性质,适合作为食品添加剂或配料.     

Functional properties of raw and heat processed cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale, L.) kernel protein isolates

The functional properties viz. solubility, water and oil absorption, emulsifying and foaming capacities of the protein isolates prepared from raw and heat processed cashew nut kernels were evaluated. Protein solubility vs. pH profile showed the isoelectric point at pH 5 for both isolates. The isolate prepared from raw cashew nuts showed superior solubility at and above isoelectric point pH. The water and oil absorption capacities of the proteins were slightly improved by heat treatment of cashew nut kernels. The emulsifying capacity of the isolates showed solubility dependent behavior and was better for raw cashew nut protein isolate at pH 5 and above. However, heat treated cashew nut protein isolate presented better foaming capacity at pH 7 and 8 but both isolates showed extremely low foam stability as compared to that of egg albumin.     

Functional properties of 8S globulin fractions from 15 mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars

The functional properties including solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming properties and emulsifying properties of 8S globulin fractions from 15 mung bean cultivars were investigated in this study. In addition, the effects of pH on solubility, foaming properties and emulsifying properties were studied. The functional properties of the 8S globulin fractions varied significantly among the different mung bean varieties and exhibited better performance in solubility and emulsion stability compared with soya bean 7S protein. A negative correlation was found between water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity. Remarkable differences in polypeptides constituents were observed in 8S globulin fractions, and the ratio of 11S/8S globulins has a positive effect on water absorption capacity while a negative effect on oil absorption capacity. As a function of pH, the emulsifying activity indexes of the 8S globulin fractions were found to be distinctly dependent on the solubility, while no significant correlation was found between the emulsifying stability and solubility, nor between the foaming properties and solubility. The foaming capacity showed a strong correlation with foam stability.     

Effect of Partial Proteolysis and Succinylation on Functionality of Corn Germ Protein Isolate

Corn germ protein isolate (CGPI) was partially hydrolyzed with trypsin and pepsin and succinylated at three levels. Various functional and electrophoretic properties of the native and modified protein were determined. Water absorption and foaming properties of CGPI were Improved by partial hydrolysis with trypsin; emulsifying capacity and nitrogen solubility were reduced; oil absorption was increased only slightly. CGPI pepsin hydrolyzate has decreased oil absorption, nitrogen solubility and emulsifying capacity but improved foaming properties; water absorption was unchanged. Treatment of CGPI with succinic anhydride improved water and oil absorption, nitrogen solubility and foaming capacity but decreased emulsifying capacity; foam stability was unchanged. Succinylation retarded electropohoretic mobility while hydrolysis altered band intensities.     

Enhancement of Functional Properties of Rice Bran Proteins by High Pressure Treatment and Their Correlation with Surface Hydrophobicity

Changes in functional properties of rice bran proteins as influenced by high-pressure (HP) treatment (100–500 MPa, 10 min) were studied. Properties evaluated were protein solubility, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, least gelation concentration, and surface hydrophobicity. HP treatment at 100 and 200 MPa significantly improved the solubility and oil absorption capacity, while water absorption and foaming capacities increased further reaching the maximum at 500 MPa. Compared with the untreated control sample, the emulsifying activity and foam stability of treated samples were significantly higher and least gelation concentration was lower, but none of them showed any specific trend with pressure level. Emulsion stability and surface hydrophobicity increased with the pressure level until 400 MPa and decreased slightly at 500 MPa. Pearson correlation coefficients clearly showed that surface hydrophobicity was positively correlated with water absorption capacity, foaming capacity, emulsifying activity index, and emulsion stability index, but negatively correlated with least gelation concentration. The pressure treated rice bran protein possessed good functional properties for use as a food ingredient in the formulations.     

物理改性对棉籽分离蛋白功能特性影响

采用水浴加热、超声波和微波辐射三种方法对棉籽分离蛋白进行改性处理,研究不同方法对蛋白的溶解性、持水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性和起泡性等影响。实验结果表明,不同处理方法对棉籽分离蛋白功能特性均有一定改善,其中加热方法对蛋白起泡性影响较大,提高53.2%;微波辐射方法对蛋白溶解性、持水性、吸油性、乳化性有明显改善,分别提高5.0%、70.3%、6.5%、35.8%;超声波方法对蛋白乳化稳定性及起泡稳定性有一定改善,乳化稳定性提高51.6%;三种方法以微波辐射改性方法效果最优。     

Some functional properties of oilseed proteins

Oilseeds have potential food uses because of their high protein content. Besides, these proteins when added to a type of foods, supply desirable functional properties, such as whipping capacity and viscosity, emulsification and water and oil holding capacities. Rapeseed and soybean protein isolates were found to possess whipping capacity followed by those of sunflower, peanut, sesame, cottonseed and safflower. The addition of sugar improved the whipping properties of oilseed proteins. The whipping capacity of oilseed proteins decreased due to heating at 100 degrees C for time of 15 to 60 min. Soybean protein had the highest emulsifying capacity compared with the other oilseed proteins. The heated oilseed proteins had emulsification properties similar to or better than the control. Glandless cottonseed protein had high water and oil holding capacities. The water holding capacity of oilseed proteins decreased gradually as the duration of heating at 100 degrees C was increased. On the other hand the heated oilseed proteins had oil holding capacities similar to or better than unheated proteins.     

不同制备方法桑叶蛋白功能性质的比较

以广东桑大10为原料,采用水提法制备叶蛋白浓缩液,用加热法、酸沉法、酸热法、盐析法沉淀叶蛋白,分别得到蛋白样品RC、SC、SR、LC。对所得样品进行功能性质测定,与大豆分离蛋白对比,得出不同样品的功能特点。结果表明,异亮氨酸、赖氨酸分别为桑叶粉的第一、第二限制性氨基酸。不同沉淀方法对叶蛋白的功能性质有显著影响:LC的溶解性、起泡性、乳化性、吸油性最好,均优于SC、SR及RC;SR的持水性优于SC及RC,但乳化性、起泡性较差;RC、LC的胶凝性最好。与SPI相比,4个样品的吸油性均优于SPI,持水性、胶凝性则显著低于SPI(p0.05);LC的乳化稳定性(68.57%)及SC的起泡性(40%)最好,显著优于SPI(54.86%、37.67%),RC与SPI相当,SR最差,显著低于SPI(p0.05)。LC电镜扫描结果显示其具有典型的蜂巢结构。     

Functional properties of protein isolates,globulin and albumin extracted from Ginkgo biloba seeds

In this study, the functional properties of Ginkgo seed protein isolate (GPI), Ginkgo seed globulin protein (GGP) and Ginkgo seed albumin protein (GAP) extracted from Ginkgo biloba seeds were investigated. The protein contents of GPI, GGP and GAP were 91.0%, 93.4% and 87.8%, respectively in the samples in which the sugar, polyphenol and crude fibre were removed by the preparation procedure. For functional properties of Ginkgo seed proteins in the natural state, GAP showed the highest oil-absorption capacity (9.3 ml/g), foaming capacity (67.8%), emulsifying capacity (65.4%) and emulsion stability (90.6%); while GPI showed the highest water absorption capacity (1.93 ml/g), and GGP showed the highest foam stability (55.5%). The differences of the chemical components, surface hydrophobicity, disulphide bond (SS) and sulfhydryl group (SH) contents of GPI, GGP and GAP, which were correlated significantly with functional properties of Ginkgo seed proteins, were also investigated. The improved functional properties, such as water absorption capacity, solubility, foaming properties and emulsifying properties of Ginkgo seed proteins were observed in a pH range of 8.0–10.0 or sodium chloride concentration of 0.5–0.75 M.