我国市售焙烤食品中游离糖含量分析

目的:研究分析我国市售焙烤食品中各类游离糖含量水平,为评估我国居民通过焙烤食品摄入糖含量的评估提供基础数据。方法:在我国五个城市采集具有代表性的市售焙烤食品404份,主要类别包括面包类、饼干类和糕点类焙烤食品。以高效离子色谱-脉冲安培检测法测定其中的游离糖含量,对各类焙烤食品中单糖和二糖组分进行分析比较。结果:焙烤类食品游离糖含量均值为16.9g/100g,其中糕点类最高(18.5g/100g)。其次为饼干类(16.0g/100g),面包类(13.2g/100g)游离糖平均含量较低。71.4%样品的焙烤食品游离糖平均含量 10g/100g;游离糖平均含量 10g/100g的比例,以糕点类、饼干类比例较高,分别达到了80.1%和74.6%。糕点亚类中,熟粉糕点、冷加工糕点、沙琪玛类糕点游离糖含量均值最高,分别为30.9g/100g、22.9g/100g、20.0g/100g;饼干各亚类中,煎饼(26.9g/100g)、蛋卷(26.2g/100g)、夹心饼干(20.3g/100g)三类游离糖平均含量最高。结论:我国市售焙烤食品中游离糖含量普遍较高,不同种类焙烤食品中糖的组成不尽相同,以蔗糖分布最广、含量最高。     

低聚麦芽糖在固体饮料中的应用

固体饮料是指以糖(或不加糖)、果汁(或不加果汁)、植物抽提物及其他配料为原料,加工制成粉末状、颗粒状或块状,并经冲溶后饮用的制品,水分含量在3%以下。固体饮料可分为3类,一类是含有脂肪和蛋白质的蛋白型固体饮料;第二类是含有果蔬汁或具有果蔬风味的果香型饮料;第三类是其他饮料。固体饮料的特点与发展虽然固体饮料历史不太长,但在产量、品种、包装和功能等方面发展很快。在美国、西欧、日本等地方,固体饮料的产量年递增率达10%以上。品牌上     

我国市场常见饮料中糖含量调查

目的:了解我国市场上饮料中糖含量的分布状况,为修订食品安全国家标准GB 28050《预包装食品营养标签通则》提供科学依据。方法:在全国各地大中型超市进行采样或拍照,收集饮料标签信息并录入Excel表格,去除重复样本并进行分类,对各类饮料的糖含量进行统计,计算无糖、低糖、高糖饮料所占比例及其糖含量标示率。结果:共纳入903个样本,糖含量标示率为18.7%,其中碳酸饮料的糖含量标示率达到60%。饮料中糖含量范围为0~18.7g/100m L,中位数为8.7g/100m L,其中碳酸饮料和果蔬汁及其饮料糖含量水平为10.6g/100m L、植物蛋白饮料为3.7g/100m L。饮料中无糖饮料占3.2%、低糖饮料占15.6%、高糖饮料占21.3%,糖含量标示率分别为46.2%、14.1%和14.6%,其中果蔬汁及其饮料、含乳饮料和碳水饮料中高糖饮料所占比例分别为31.6%、29.4和24.7%。结论:目前我国饮料中糖含量较高,需对经饮料中摄入的糖进行控制,建议在标准修订时增加对饮料中糖含量标示的强制要求,并考虑进行"高糖"的警示标示。     

HPLC-CAD法测定乳制品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖和麦芽糖含量的不确定度评定

目的采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)串联电喷雾检测器(CAD)法同时测定乳制品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖和麦芽糖的含量,分析果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖和麦芽糖不确定度。方法通过HPLC-CAD法测定乳制品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖和麦芽糖的含量方法建立数学模型,对各个不确定度因素进行评估、计算,由此计算合成不确定度,最终给出测量结果在95%置信区间下的扩展不确定度。结果本次实验含量测定结果为果糖2.15±0.009(g/100g)葡萄糖7.7490±0.010(g/100g)蔗糖24.5571±0.014(g/100g)乳糖19.8333±0.021(g/100g)半乳糖1.0168±0.026(g/100g)麦芽糖1.8727±0.019(g/100g)。结论所建方法可行,适用于乳制品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖和麦芽糖含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定蜂王浆中6种糖的含量

摘 要: 目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定蜂王浆中6种糖的含量。方法 样品经适量水溶解后, 加入乙酸锌、亚铁氰化钾溶液各2.5 mL,涡旋混匀, 用水定容至50 mL,8000 r/min, 4 ℃离心3 min。滤液过0.45 μm液水相膜,采用ZORBAX Carbohydrate Anlys. Col（4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm）色谱柱,流动相: 乙腈-水=70:30 (V:V),等度洗脱,高效液相色谱法测定。结果 本方法线性范围分别为葡萄糖1.05~3.0 g/100 mL、果糖0.84~2.4 g/100 mL、蔗糖0.05~0.56 g/100 mL、麦芽糖0.05~0.56 g/100 mL、吡喃葡糖基蔗糖0.005~0.05 g/100 mL、麦芽三糖0.05~0.56 g/100 mL,相关系数分别为葡萄糖1.0000、果糖0.9999、蔗糖0.9997、麦芽糖0.9999、吡喃葡糖基蔗糖0.9990、麦芽三糖0.9998,6种化合物的检出限为0.2 g/100 g。蜂王浆中糖的回收率为97.0%~101.0%,精密度为2.6%~9.1%。利用该方法测定15个蜂王浆样品,蜂王浆中果糖含量为3.3%~7.5%,葡萄糖含量为3.5%~8.6%,蔗糖含量为0.2%~1.9%,麦芽糖含量为0.2%~0.7%,吡喃葡糖基蔗糖含量为0.3%,麦芽三糖含量为0.2%。结论 该法前处理简单、测定快速、准确度高、灵敏度好,可作为标准方法对蜂王浆中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、吡喃葡糖基蔗糖和麦芽三糖的快速分析检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定菠萝蜜果实中的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖

研究菠萝蜜果实葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的提取方法并对不同果实部位的糖进行分离,建立能同时测定菠萝蜜果实中3 种糖的高效液相色谱方法。CHO-820钙型糖柱为分析柱,柱温90 ℃,流动相为超纯水,流速0.5 mL/min,进样体积10 μL,用示差折光检测器检测。结果表明：100%乙醇是蔗糖的适宜提取液,若同时测定3 种糖,则最适提取液为80%乙醇溶液,方法的相对标准偏差为1.51%～7.01%,相关系数在0.999 0以上,加标回收率为98.55%～102.33%;菠萝蜜果肉（以鲜质计算）中3 种糖总含量高达14.01 g/100 g,其中蔗糖含量最高,种皮中糖总含量为10.19 g/100 g,以葡萄糖和果糖为主,果腱中含量最低,仅3.54 g/100 g。不同果实部位果糖与葡萄糖含量相近。     

新疆地区栽培5种甜瓜营养成分比较分析

对新疆栽培甜瓜的品质进行分析及评价,分析比较新疆栽培的奎克拜热、辟山、风味8号、绿肉伽师瓜及金龙5个品种甜瓜的营养成分(糖类物质、矿物质、氨基酸及其有机酸含量)。结果表明,5个不同品种甜瓜基本营养成分含量差异显著。绿肉伽师瓜的水分、蛋白质含量最高,分别为148.66 g/100 g、1.36%。风味8号的水分、蛋白质含量最低,分别为73.65 g/100 g、0.80%。金龙的可溶性固形物、总糖含量最高,分别为12.60%、8.40 g/100 g。奎克拜热可溶性固形物、总糖含量最低,分别为8.30%、5.60 g/100 g。风味8号总酸含量最高,为2.56 g/kg,金龙总酸含量最低,为0.68 g/kg;5个不同品种甜瓜中主要的糖类物质为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,未检出麦芽糖。果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的含量差异显著;5个不同品种甜瓜钙、钾、镁、磷、钠、铁、锌、铜、锰含量差异显著,而硒含量差异不显著;5个不同品种甜瓜的氨基酸总和量差异显著,其含量为绿肉伽师瓜金龙辟山奎克拜热风味8号。在各品种甜瓜中除丙氨酸含量差异显著外,其余各氨基酸的含量差异不显著;5个不同品种甜瓜中未检出丁二酸和己二酸,主要的有机酸为柠檬酸,其次为苹果酸、酒石酸、富马酸。     

挤压膨化麦仁辅料麦汁中可发酵糖组分分析

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对挤压膨化麦仁辅料所得麦汁中的可发酵糖组分进行定性及定量分析。结果表明,麦汁中含有葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖和麦芽三糖5种可发酵糖,其含量分别为1.373 g/100 m L、0.211 g/100 m L、6.037 g/100 m L、0.174 g/100 m L和1.140 g/100 m L,可发酵糖比例及可发酵糖中的葡萄糖、果糖比例均高于传统工艺。     

HPLC-ELSD法检测蜂蜜饮料中4种可溶性糖含量

建立一种用高效液相色谱-蒸发光检测法测定蜂蜜饮料中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖的检测方法。样品经乙腈-水提取,过滤膜后上机检测。采用ZORBAX糖分析色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈︰水(30︰70,体积比)作为流动相,用蒸发光检测器检测,外标法峰面积定量。结果表明,4种糖组分在0.05 g/100 m L~1.00 g/100 m L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r2为0.993~0.997,检出限在0.005 g/100 m L~0.010 g/100 m L,定量限为0.015 g/100 m L~0.030 g/100 m L,加标回收率达到89.4%~97.5%。该方法具有前处理简单、灵敏度高和检测速度快的优点,适用于蜂蜜饮料中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的定量检测。     

利用糖类成分评价我国油菜原蜜的品质

目的以油菜原蜜为研究对象,通过测定其中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的含量评价我国大宗原蜜的品质。方法采用高效液相色谱示差折光法测定我国10个省份共36种油菜原蜜样品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的含量。结果用液相色谱方法测定蜂蜜中的果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖,最低检测限分别为0.079 g/100 g、0.018 g/100 g、0.037 g/100 g及0.094 g/100 g,定量检测限分别为0.263 g/100 g、0.061 g/100 g、0.124 g/100 g及0.314 g/100 g。36种油菜原蜜中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的含量范围分别为26.00~38.16g/100 g、23.65~39.68 g/100 g、0.14~0.62 g/100 g及1.09~3.10 g/100 g。结论油菜原蜜样品中的蔗糖含量都符合我国蜂蜜国家标准,但其中31.8%的样品中葡萄糖和果糖总量低于国家标准。目前,我国大宗蜂蜜不存在人为掺入蔗糖的问题。     

中国饮料市场上的新宠儿——蔬菜汁

<正>中国饮料市场的主角历经更迭,从二十世纪九十年代的碳酸饮料到纯净水、茶饮料,再到近年来的功能饮料,都曾辉煌地抢占市场的头把交椅。但近年来,高品质蔬菜汁却渐渐露出头角,成为中国饮料市场上新的关注热点。     

Effect of Sucrose Addition on the Sugar and Sorbitol Composition of Frozen Sweet Cherries and Their Derived Concentrates

Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol contents of Van and Black Republican varieties of sweet cherries were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzymic analytical procedures. Samples analyzed included frozen fruit, fruit packed as 3.6 parts fruit plus 1 part added sucrose, and cherry juice concentrates derived from the sugar-packed fruit. Cherry fruit showed invert patterns of glucose and fructose and contained trace amounts of sucrose, and 2.6—3.9g sorbitol/100g. Sucrose was either not detected or found in trace amounts in samples to which sucrose had been added. There is evidence that sucrose hydrolysis was caused by presence of invertase. The percent sorbitol content could be used to detect addition of sucrose. Results for sugar and sorbitol content as determined by HPLC or enzymic methods were very similar.     

香蕉胡萝卜复合果蔬汁的发酵工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以香蕉和胡萝卜为原料,植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentium）为发酵菌种,在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对香蕉胡萝卜复合果蔬汁饮料发酵工艺进行优化,并评价发酵后复合果蔬汁的抗氧化活性。结果表明,复合果蔬汁饮料的最佳发酵工艺条件为香蕉汁与胡萝卜汁体积比1.7∶1.0,发酵时间50.0 h,菌种添加量4.4%,发酵温度32.0 ℃。在此优化工艺条件下,香蕉胡萝卜复合果蔬汁饮料的口感风味良好,感官评分为85分,活菌数为5.8×106 CFU/mL,pH值为3.29,可溶性固形物为12.00%,总酸为9.66 g/100 mL,还原糖为5.65 g/100 mL。该饮料对DPPH、ABTS、羟基自由基的最大清除率分别为53.60%、77.00%、46.97%,表明复合果蔬汁具有一定抗氧化活性。     

运用Mix-D-optimal设计开发紫甘蓝花色苷抗氧化复合果蔬汁饮料

优化紫甘蓝花色苷复合果蔬汁饮料的配方,并测定其抗氧化性.运用Mixture-D-optimal设计,以糖酸比为响应值,在未添加其他添加剂的条件下,利用苹果汁、黄瓜原汁和紫甘蓝花色苷三种原汁自身的糖、酸及风味物质进行复合,形成酸甜适口、风味相容的粉色复合果蔬汁饮料.实验结果表明:紫甘蓝花色苷抗氧化复合果蔬汁饮料的最佳配方...     

由软饮料之现状谈其发展创新

2006年的新年钟声已经敲响，2005年软饮料产销道路已经甩在了我们身后，不妨回过头去看看已经走过的路线，看看这条道路的曲直起伏，为以后的发展找准起点和方向。     

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of soluble carbohydrates in commercial drinks

High performance liquid chromatography was carried out to determine the soluble sugar content in canned soft drinks and commercial fruit juices stored in different types of containers. The total amount of sugars ranged from 9.2 to 13.5 g 100 ml^?1 for the soft drinks, 10 to 14 g 100 ml^?1 in fruit nectars and 3 g 100 ml^?1 in tomato juice. The individual sugar content of soft drinks varied between different batches, although the total amount remained fairly constant for each kind of drink or juice. Only in tomato juice where sucrose was not present, did the values for glucose and fructose remain constant.     

Satisfying America's Fruit Gap: Summary of an Expert Roundtable on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice

The 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recognize the role of 100% fruit juice in health and in helping people meet daily fruit recommendations and state that 100% fruit juice is a nutrient‐dense beverage that should be a primary choice, along with water and low‐fat/fat‐free milk. The DGAs note that children are consuming 100% fruit juice within recommendations (that is, 120 to 180 mL/d for children aged 1 to 6 y and 236 to 355 mL/d for children aged 7 to 18 y). Evidence shows that compared to nonconsumers, those who consume 100% fruit juice come closer to meeting daily fruit needs and have better diet quality. In children, 100% fruit juice is associated with increased intakes of nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, and potassium. When consumed within the DGA recommendations, 100% fruit juice is not associated with overweight/obesity or childhood dental caries and does not compromise fiber intake. Preliminary data suggest that polyphenols in some 100% fruit juices may inhibit absorption of naturally occurring sugars. Given its role in promoting health and in helping people meet fruit needs, experts participating in a roundtable discussion agreed that there is no science‐based reason to restrict access to 100% fruit juice in public health nutrition policy and programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Reducing or eliminating 100% fruit juice could lead to unintended consequences such as reduced daily fruit intake and increased consumption of less nutritious beverages (for example, sugar‐sweetened beverages).     

Free sugars determination by HPLC in pineapple products

Free sugars have been determined by HPLC in fresh pineapple fruit, freshly extracted pineapple juice (home-made), pineapple juice concentrate (for industrial use), commercial pineapple juices and nectars. In natural samples, intermediate products and commercial juices the dominant sugar was sucrose, followed by fructose and glucose, both of which were found in similar concentrations. However, the sugar content of nectars analyzed was highly variable. The presence of maltose in nectar samples is a clear indication of the addition of sugars from corn syrup. We have found a fructose/glucose ratio close to 1, and the coefficient fructose plus glucose/sucrose close to 1, both of which are a good index of authenticity of pineapple juices.     

发酵型香蕉复合果汁饮料的研制及营养成分研究

以香蕉、芒果、六堡茶汤为主要原料,佰生优益生菌果蔬酵素发酵菌为菌种,研制发酵型香蕉复合果汁饮料,通过单因素和响应面试验确定最优发酵工艺条件,并对其可溶性固形物、蛋白质等营养活性成分含量变化情况进行研究。结果表明：最佳发酵工艺条件为香蕉浆50%,芒果汁5%,白砂糖添加量6%、佰生优益生菌果蔬酵素发酵菌接种量0.04%、茶汤添加量5.0%,发酵时间5.0 d,发酵温度34 ℃,此条件下得到的饮料色泽淡黄透亮、具有香蕉和芒果固有的浓郁香味,酸甜适中,其可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、蛋白质、总糖、总多酚的含量分别为16.80%、1.20 g/kg、10.90 mg/100 g、9.91 g/100 g、0.38 mg/mL。其中总糖和总多酚在整个发酵过程中变化较小,处于稳定状态,而可滴定酸度、蛋白质呈明显上升状态,可溶性固形物变化不稳定,总体呈上升趋势。     

Changes in Sucrose, Fructose and Glucose Content of Frozen Strawberries with Thawing

Free sugar composition of strawberries during thawing and up to 5-hr after-thaw storage was studied. Sucrose content of drained fruits and juice decreased by 70% whereas fructose and glucose content increased during thawing at 4 °C. Total free sugar content remained constant. Sucrose degradation caused by invertase activity in the strawberry fruit rather than by sucrose synthase activity or acid hydrolysis was demonstrated. The sucrose inversion was more pronounced in drained fruits than in juice. Sucrose inversion also occurred when fruit was thawed by a current of air, microwave heating, or 35 °C water, but to a lesser extent. The 5-hr holding period after thawing resulted in comparable sugar composition with all thawing procedures. For best preservation of the free sugar composition a fast thawing method should be chosen.