植物油污染黄曲霉毒素的去除方法

黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxjn)分布的范围很广,凡是污染了能产生黄曲霉毒素的真菌的粮食、油料作物的种子、食品和饲料等,都有可能存在黄曲霉毒素。根据现有的资料,黄曲霉毒素是各种真菌毒素中毒性最大的一种。目前,已确定其化学结构的有黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、B_(2a)、G_1、G_2、G_(2a)、     

谷物霉菌挥发性物质的电子鼻与GC-MS检测研究

为建立粮食受霉菌污染的快速检测方法,本研究利用电子鼻与气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对6种谷物中常见霉菌在不同生长阶段(1、2、5、13 d)的特征挥发性气味物质进行了检测分析。GC-MS结果显示不同霉菌的挥发性物质成分存在差异,且在生长后期差异更加显著。基于电子鼻信号的主成分分析(PCA)法能够有效区分生长中后期(5、13 d)不同菌属的霉菌样品。线性判别分析(LDA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)模型对黄曲霉类、寄生曲霉类和青霉类样品的整体判别正确率分别达到100%和97.4%。结果表明,运用电子鼻与GC-MS技术对粮食霉菌污染情况进行快速鉴定具有一定可行性。     

电子鼻融合BP神经网络预测玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素B1含量模型研究

为探究玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素B_1的无损快速定量测定方法,用电子鼻对7级不同霉变程度玉米样品进行检测,并用理化分析方法分别测定霉变玉米中的玉米赤霉烯酮与黄曲霉毒素B_1含量;在提取电子鼻响应信号的积分值作为特征参量的前提下,采用BP神经网络建立不同霉变程度下玉米样品中的玉米赤霉烯酮与黄曲霉毒素B_1含量的预测模型。同时,为了获得较为可靠的BP神经网络预测模型,在神经网络结构不变的条件下,对比分析了不同训练集、测试集构建的预测模型。结果发现在各预测模型的70组测试样本中,相对误差控制在5%以内的样本数量都在60个以上,最大相对误差控制在15%以内,从而证明了BP神经网络预测模型的有效性、可靠性。该研究为实施玉米霉变毒素的快速无损检测提供了一种途径。     

糙米中黄曲霉毒素B1的ATR-FTIR快速测定

拟建立基于衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱（attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy,ATR-FTIR）的糙米中微量黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin B1,AFB1）的快速检测方法。首先将16 份糙米样品经辐射灭菌后接种产毒菌株并在适宜条件下（28 ℃、相对湿度85%）贮藏30 d,测定其AFB1含量。其次将受AFB1污染样品磨粉后与空白糙米样品按质量比例进行精确混合,获得AFB1含量在0～890.20 μg/kg内的糙米样品共计128 份。ATR-FTIR建模分析结果显示,依据AFB1含量高低将样品划分为4 类,临近算法判别分析模型的预测整体正确率达到83.3%。运用偏最小二乘回归分析建立的定量模型精度最优,预测相关系数、均方根误差和相对分析误差值分别为0.970、70.8 μg/kg和4.0。结果表明,ATR-FTIR技术用于糙米黄曲霉毒素污染程度的快速分析与筛选具有一定可行性,但需进一步研究来提升对低AFB1含量样品的预测精度。     

曲霉属真菌毒素的毒性研究进展

曲霉属真菌产生的真菌毒素是最早被发现并被重视的一类真菌毒素,多污染食品、饲料和中药,其种类繁多,且对人体的危害性巨大。近年来,国内外对此类真菌毒素的毒性研究愈加关注,本综述总结了曲霉菌属真菌产生的_13种主要真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B_1、黄曲霉毒素B_2、黄曲霉毒素G_1、黄曲霉毒素G_2、黄曲霉毒素M_1、黄曲霉毒素M_2、黄曲霉毒素P_1、赭曲霉毒素A、赭曲霉毒素B、赭曲霉毒素C、赭曲霉毒素α、杂色曲霉素和O-甲基-杂色曲霉素)近40年来体内、体外毒性研究资料,对其各项毒性进行归纳,主要涵盖急性毒性、慢性毒性的致癌性、生长生殖毒性、致突变和基因毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性、细胞毒性及血液毒性。同时对黄曲霉毒素B_1、赭曲霉毒素A及其他常见毒素间的协同毒性也进行了概述。由于各国对食品药品的安全性要求越来越高,对真菌毒素毒性的总结,可进一步加深对毒素的认识,并为食品、饲料及中药安全性方面相关的法律法规制订提供重要依据。     

基于纳米材料构建免疫传感器快速测定粮油食品中的黄曲霉毒素B_1

以改性壳聚糖和纳米金复合物为电极修饰材料,包埋固定黄曲霉毒素B_1抗体制备信号放大型免疫传感器。以K_3[Fe(CN)_6]为探针,利用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究其免疫反应对传感器响应电流的影响,结果表明,免疫响应电流与溶液中AFB_1的浓度在0.1~1.1 ng/m L范围内成线性关系,最低检测限为0.05 ng/m L(S/N=3);免疫传感器的特异性、稳定性和重现性较好。利用该法对花生、花生油等实际样品中的黄曲霉毒素B_1进行检测,回收率在87.8~98.2%,检测精确度优于ELISA试剂盒,可用于食品中黄曲霉毒素B_1的快速检测。     

汉中市市售植物油中黄曲霉毒素污染状况调查北大核心CSCD

为调查汉中市市售植物油中黄曲霉毒素的污染状况,采集2019—2020年汉中市市售植物油样品160份,采用GB 5009.22—2016第三法高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法检测其中的4种黄曲霉毒素(B_(1)、B_(2)、G_(1)、G_(2))含量。结果表明:160份植物油样品中有7份检出黄曲霉毒素,阳性率为4.38%,含量均值为0.466μg/kg,远低于GB 2761—2017限量标准。综上,汉中市市售植物油中黄曲霉毒素污染状况总体较轻,为低风险产品。     

柏实中黄曲霉毒素的HPLC-FD法测定

建立高效液相色谱测定柏实中黄曲霉毒素的方法,样品提取液经免疫亲和柱净化和光化学柱后衍生化,荧光检测器检测,黄曲霉毒素G_2、B_2在1.25 pg~50 pg范围内,黄曲霉毒素G_1、B_1在5 pg~200 pg范围内线性关系良好,回收率79.29%~102.53%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测玉米油中的 黄曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法准确、快速检测玉米油中黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)的含量,了解市售玉米油中B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2、ZEN污染状况。方法样品经乙腈:水(84:16,V:V)溶液超声离心提取后,通过多功能固相萃取柱进行净化处理,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测。结果 B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2的线性范围为0.1～20μg/L,ZEN的线性范围为3.0～200μg/L;方法回收率为74.4%～98.6%,相对标准偏差为3.9%～6.9%;B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2定量限为0.2μg/L,ZEN的定量限为6.0μg/L。市售的33份样品中,均没有检出B_1、B2、G_1、G_2;玉米赤霉烯酮检出32份,检出率为97.0%。结论该方法操作简单快速、重现性好,可用于玉米油中黄曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的检测。     

基于UPLC-MS-MS技术定量确证小麦中10种真菌毒素

建立了小麦中黄曲霉毒素B_1、黄曲霉毒素B_2、黄曲霉毒素G_1、黄曲霉毒素G_2、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮等10种真菌毒素的超高液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法检测的方法。小麦样品经乙腈-水-乙酸溶液震荡超声提取后,采用多功能净化柱净化。待测物经Kinetex SB-C_(18)色谱柱分离,甲醇-0.1%甲酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,正负模式同时扫描,三重串联四级杆质谱多反应离子监测(MRM)方式检测,基质标准校正,外标法定量。结果表明,在一定的浓度范围内,10种真菌毒素线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法的检出限为0.015~1μg/kg,空白样品中添加高中低不同浓度的真菌毒素的回收率为65.12%~89.16%,RSD%(n=6)在4.26%~9.46%之间。该方法分析速度快、重复性好、灵敏度高,适合小麦中多种真菌毒素的高灵敏度快速测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.