活菌制剂在我国饲料工业中的应用

本文介绍了新型饲料添加剂－直接饲喂微生物的作用模式及在饲料中的使用效果。试验研究证明：直接饲喂微生物对不同畜种、不同饲粮类型，其使用效果显著不同，在低水平日粮中使用效果非常显著，在饲料中合理添加可适当减少多种维生素的添加量。活菌制剂作为饲料添加剂的应用前景非常广阔。     

2018肉牛饲料添加剂国外研究进展

搜集整理了2018年肉牛饲料添加剂的最新国外研究文献,对脂类、矿物质、维生素、饲用微生物、甘油等饲料添加剂的应用效果进行了总结。脂类添加剂主要研究了椰子油、棕榈油、米糠油、鱼油等对肉牛生产性能、消化性能和胴体特性的影响;矿物质则集中于铜、锌、硒、锰等常规微量元素和矾、伊利石等非常规微量元素对肉牛瘤胃发酵的影响研究;维生素侧重于维生素A和维生素D对肉牛营养吸收的影响;饲用微生物方面主要对酵母和乳酸菌2种饲料添加剂展开了研究;甘油侧重于能量饲料的替代及其饲用安全评价。通过了解国外的饲料添加剂研究进展,为我国肉牛产业的发展提供思路。     

微生物添加剂中枯草芽孢杆菌的测量不确定度评估体系建立

目的:研究旨在实验室环境条件下建立微生物饲料添加剂中枯草芽孢杆菌活性成分检测方法的评价体系并使用该方法进行测定.方法:本实验依据现行通用标准GB/T 26428—2010、JJF1059.1—2012和RB/T 151—2016,进行了微生物饲料添加剂中枯草芽孢杆菌中活性成分的菌落总数不确定度考察.结果:创建了微生物饲...     

乳酸酵母菌的研究现状及其在饲料添加剂中的功能

随着科学技术的不断进步与生活质量的逐渐提高,消费者对于动物源性食品的质量、安全性及环保性的要求越来越高。采用饲料添加剂的目的不仅仅是为提高动物源性食品的产量,更主要的是降低动物源性食品携带人类病原菌的风险以及减少有毒物质的释放,如毒性胺、甲烷等。文中论述了国内外有关乳酸酵母菌(一种新型微生物饲料添加剂)的研究现状,及其在微生物饲料添加剂中的功能和应用前景。     

直接饲喂微生物和发酵制品生产菌株鉴定概述

我国生物发酵类饲料添加剂主要涉及两类，即直接饲喂微生物和发酵制品(如酶制剂、氨基酸等)。对微生物进行科学准确的鉴定是开展生物发酵类饲料添加剂安全性评价的基础，也是此类产品研发和产业化发展的必要前提。文章介绍了欧盟和我国直接饲喂微生物和发酵制品生产菌株鉴定要求，分析了形态学、生理生化和分子生物学鉴定技术，并系统阐述了微生物鉴定技术的应用，为开展直接饲喂微生物和发酵制品生产菌株鉴定提供参考。     

甲壳素绿色饲料添加剂研制获突破

湖南研制的一种甲壳素微生物饲料添加剂日前通过省级科技成果鉴定。专家认为，这种产品填补了国内空白，是有效替代目前饲料中抗生素、激素的绿色饲料添加剂产品。     

绿色饲料添加剂的研究进展

绿色饲料添加剂克服了非营养性添加剂带来的负面效应 ,它无污染、无残留、抗疾病、可促进动物生长 ,在饲料工业中得到了广泛的应用。文中综述了中草药制剂、酶制剂、微生物制剂的优点 ,作用效果 ,作用机理及其在国内外的应用。     

饲用微生物添加剂的微胶囊包被研究

研究了喷雾干燥法制造微胶囊包被饲用微生物添加剂的工艺及技术，结果表明，将微生物活菌制剂和变性淀粉，阿拉伯胶，糊精，玉米糖浆等原料混合溶解，均质，喷雾干燥，可制得包埋率高，产品质量好的饲用微生物添加剂，有效地减少高温制粒过程中的损失，防止分解和氧化，提高饲料添加剂产品的耐贮藏，耐加工性能，充分发挥添加剂中有效成分的作用。     

几种重要微生物油脂在食品及饲料工业中的应用

微生物油脂的经济可行性主要取决于其用途,目前微生物油脂已成为几种长链多不饱和脂肪酸的重要资源.对富含ARA、DHA和EPA的几类微生物油脂在孕婴食品、成人食品和水产饵料、饲料添加剂方面的应用进行了介绍.通过总结及展望,说明这几类微生物油脂将会在更多的配方食品中得到应用,微生物油脂产品的消费者将从特殊人群扩展到所有人群,并形成一个大产业.     

利用酱香型白酒丢糟生产微生物饲料添加剂的初步研究

以酱香型白酒酒糟为主要原料,通过接种乳酸菌进行液体发酵,使乳酸菌迅速成为优势菌种,再用酒糟对发酵液进行填充干燥,得到微生物饲料添加剂.结果表明,酒糟培养基在121℃下灭菌15 min,按照10％的接种量接入乳酸菌菌液,以最适温度37℃、转速120 r/min振荡发酵44h,发酵液中乳酸菌数量可达到×1012cfu/mL.然后对发酵液进行低温填充干燥,即可得到乳酸菌数目达到×108 cfu/g的微生物饲料添加剂.     

Differentiation of coccidiostats-containing feed additives by mid and near infrared microscopy

Coccidiostats belong to the group of feed additives authorised within the European Union exclusively for specific preparations. These preparations not only contain one or more coccidiostats as active substance(s) but also various ingredients such as the carrier, which are included in the European legislation authorising the product. In order to allow the full traceability of the use of feed additives and to check for compliance with legal provisions, there is a strong need for analytical methods that enable the rapid characterisation of these products. This paper describes the applicability of non-destructive techniques such as mid infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) microscopy supported by multivariate analysis for the characterisation of coccidiostats-containing feed additives. The application of these methods demonstrated that different feed additives could be distinguished from each other even when containing the same active substance. The use of chemometrics turned out to be crucial especially in cases where the differentiation of spectra by visual inspection was very difficult.     

抗菌肽研究进展

寻找新型更安全、环保的食品防腐剂和无残留、无耐药性的饲料添加剂是目前食品行业和畜牧行业的一个研究热点。与传统的食品防腐添加剂相比,抗菌肽具有抗菌谱广、对环境无污染、可生物降解、协同作用、不易产生耐药性、稳定性好、作用范围广等优点,本文主要对抗菌肽的特点、作用机制与应用进行了介绍。随着人们生活水平的提高和对健康、长寿的重视,逐渐对一些可以直接或间接在体内蓄积的食品及饲料添加剂提出了更安全、更环保的要求,而抗菌肽的特点符合这一时代的需求特征,必将在防腐添加剂方面得到广泛应用。     

Nanomaterials for products and application in agriculture,feed and food

BackgroundNanotechnology applications can be found in agricultural production, animal feed, food processing, food additives and food contact materials (hereinafter referred to as agri/feed/food). A great diversity of nanomaterials is reported to be currently used in various applications, while new nanomaterials and applications are reported to be in development.Scope and approachIt is expected that applications of nanomaterials in agri/feed/food will increase in the future and thereby increase the human and environmental exposure to such materials. To gain up-to-date knowledge we explored and reviewed the already marketed and in-development applications of nanomaterials in the agri/feed/food sectors upon the request of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In this paper the results of the project are highlighted and discussed in more detail.Key findings and conclusionsThe majority of the applications of nanomaterials that we identified concerned application in food as food additives and food contact materials, while much fewer applications seem to be developed for agriculture and feed. Nano-encapsulates, silver, titanium dioxide and silica are the most often mentioned nanomaterials in the literature. About half of the identified applications are claimed to be already in use. In-development applications are found for nano-encapsulates and nano-composites in novel foods, food and feed additives, biocides, pesticides and food contact materials.     

PCR-DGGE技术在食品微生物中应用的研究进展

聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,DGGE)技术能快速的研究微生物物种多样性,该技术不依赖于微生物的分离培养,便能快速、准确地获取复杂样品中微生物的菌群组成及其遗传信息,因此被广泛应用于微生物生态学、食品微生物学等领域。本文主要介绍了PCR-DGGE在食品微生物中和其他一些方面应用的研究进展。     

Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. Part II. Mobility of arsenic in soils amended with poultry litter

Poultry litter often contains arsenic as a result of organo-arsenical feed additives. When the poultry litter is applied to agricultural fields, the arsenic is released to the environment and may result in increased arsenic in surface and groundwater and increased uptake by plants. The release of arsenic from poultry litter, litter-amended soils, and soils without litter amendment was examined by extraction with water and strong acids (HCI and HNO3). The extracts were analyzed for As, C, P, Cu, Zn, and Fe. Copper, zinc, and iron are also poultry feed additives. Soils with a known history of litter application and controlled application rate of arsenic-containing poultry litter were obtained from the University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. Soils from fields with long-term application of poultry litter were obtained from a tilled field on the Delmarva Peninsula (MD) and an untilled Oklahoma pasture. Samples from an adjacent forest or nearby pasture that had no history of litter application were used as controls. Depth profiles were sampled for the Oklahoma pasture soils. Analysis of the poultry litter showed that 75% of the arsenic was readily soluble in water. Extraction of soils shows that weakly bound arsenic mobilized by water correlates positively with C, P, Cu, and Zn in amended fields and appears to come primarily from the litter. Strongly bound arsenic correlates positively with Fe in amended fields and suggests sorption or coprecipitation of As and Fe in the soil column.     

植物甾醇降胆固醇作用研究进展

植物甾醇属于甾体类化合物,具有多种生理功能.讨论了植物甾醇的化学特性、主要来源、吸收与代谢,并对其降胆固醇作用的研究进展及作用机理进行了综述,最后对其安全性进行了评价,并分析了其应用前景.     

饲用酸化剂防治家禽弯曲菌病的研究进展

弯曲菌作为全球腹泻病主要诱因之一,是一种以家禽为天然宿主的食源性病原菌。随着食品安全意识的提升及抗生素耐药性的逐年攀升,在养殖环节对家禽弯曲菌病的防治逐渐得到人们重视。而饲用酸化剂表现出提高饲料利用率、减少疾病发生、无污染、无残留等优势,已成为与益生素、酶制剂和微生物制剂等并列的重要绿色环保型添加剂,有利于减少抗生素的滥用。本文介绍了饲用酸化剂的分类、作用机制、及在防治家禽弯曲菌病的应用进展,并就饲用酸化剂的发展趋势进行了综述。     

The work of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Food Additives (EURL) and its support for the authorisation process of feed additives in the European Union: a review

This paper describes the operation of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Feed Additives (EURL) and its role in the authorisation procedure of feed additives in the European Union. Feed additives are authorised according to Regulation (EC) No. 1831/2003, which introduced a completely revised authorisation procedure and also established the EURL. The regulations authorising feed additives contain conditions of use such as legal limits of the feed additives, which require the availability of a suitable method of analysis for official control purposes under real world conditions. It is the task of the EURL to evaluate the suitability of analytical methods as proposed by the industry for this purpose. Moreover, the paper shows that one of the major challenges is the huge variety of the methodology applied in feed additive analysis, thus requiring expertise in quite different analytical areas. In order to cope with this challenge, the EURL is supported by a network of national reference laboratories (NRLs) and only the merged knowledge of all NRLs allows for a scientifically sound assessment of the analytical methods.