黔东南地区传统发酵白酸汤中乳酸菌的益生特性及应用

本研究以发酵酸汤为试验原料,通过pH值、胆盐耐受性实验筛选性能优良的乳酸菌,经16S r RNA序列分析鉴定得菌株1-3、1-6、ST-2、ST-11,4 株为副干酪乳杆菌,ST-10和ST-12为植物乳杆菌。通过评价菌株的疏水性、黏附性、自凝聚能力,筛选出了6 株具有益生特性的乳酸菌,其中副干酪乳杆菌1-6和植物乳杆菌ST-10对二甲苯、氯仿的疏水性均大于70%,放置24 h的自凝聚率较其他菌株都较优;不同菌株对抗生素表现出的敏感性、耐药性不尽相同。结果表明：副干酪乳杆菌1-6作为发酵剂添加后对酸汤pH值、总酸度均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但是活菌数与传统老酸汤发酵效果接近。本研究筛选得到的副干酪乳杆菌1-6 是一株性能优良的益生乳酸菌,为后续酸汤发酵益生菌的开发奠定基础。     

具有益生特性植物乳杆菌的筛选及其发酵特性的研究

通过体外益生特性和安全性评价试验,从4株植物乳杆菌中筛选出益生特性较好的益生菌菌株B14,并对B14的发酵特性进行研究。结果表明,植物乳杆菌B14与其它菌株相比,其对二甲苯和十六烷的疏水率达到80%以上,自聚集能力超过85%,共聚集能力超过75%,表现出更好的益生特性,同时,B14对Caco-2细胞的黏附能力达到30.756%,且初步判定为安全菌株。将植物乳杆菌B14作为辅助发酵剂添加在发酵乳中,24 h内发酵乳的黏度、滴定酸均得到了一定的提高。表明植物乳杆菌B14具有作为发酵乳益生菌辅助发酵剂的潜在应用前景。     

发酵蔬菜源食品用益生乳酸菌的筛选及降胆固醇能力评价

为了从发酵蔬菜中筛选出具有降解胆固醇能力的食品用益生乳酸菌,作者以融合魏斯氏菌（Weissella confuse) RW作为对照,采用定向分离法结合16S rDNA分析不同来源的发酵蔬菜样品中得到5株具有降胆固醇能力的益生乳酸菌。结果表明,5株菌对pH 2.0、质量浓度为3 g/L的胆盐以及模拟胃肠液均具有耐受性,降胆固醇能力强（54.79%~62.54%）、能够抑制病原菌且黏附于Caco-2细胞上,表现出优良的益生特性。此外,5株菌均无溶血现象,不产生物胺,对多数抗生素敏感,安全性高。通过16S rDNA鉴定5株菌分别为植物乳植杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum）JCSMC-1、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）SYB和JCSMC6-2、副干酪乳酸菌（Lacticaseibacillus paracasei）SYD和XSMC-1。本研究获得的1株植物乳植杆菌、2株植物乳杆菌、2株副干酪乳酸菌均具有食品用益生菌的基本特性,为开发食品用益生菌提供了新资源。     

核桃粕发酵乳菌种筛选及发酵条件优化研究

该试验对乳酸菌发酵核桃粕乳的不同菌株进行筛选,通过pH值、酸度及感官评定分析,从9株乳酸菌中筛选出嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)和植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)两株优良菌种。研究两株乳酸菌的复配比例,并与传统发酵剂发酵的核桃粕乳进行品质对比。结果表明,以嗜酸乳杆菌:植物乳杆菌(1∶1)接种发酵后得到的发酵核桃粕发酵乳综合品质最佳,其感官评分90分,氨基酸态氮含量57.0 mg/L,活菌总数7.35×107 CFU/mL,经发酵后的营养价值明显优于传统发酵剂发酵的核桃粕乳。     

1 株高效降胆固醇乳酸菌的功能与发酵特性

通过研究乳酸菌X3-2B降胆固醇功能特性以及在发酵香肠中的发酵特性,确定高效降胆固醇性能的肉制品发酵剂。结果表明：菌株X3-2B在培养温度为30 ℃、pH 5.5时胆固醇降解率最大,在MRS胆固醇筛选培养基中其胆固醇降解率最大且优于标准菌株植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum,LP）。并以菌株X3-2B为发酵剂做的发酵香肠其水分活度、pH值在相同天数时下降程度显著优于自然发酵组（P＜0.05）,色泽、乳酸菌数都优于对照组,且发酵香肠14 d与0 d相比,添加发酵剂的发酵香肠胆固醇含量显著降低（P＜0.05）且在贮存56 d时X3-2B组发酵香肠胆固醇含量低于自然发酵组与LP组,故菌株X3-2B可作为一株降胆固醇性能较好的肉制品发酵剂。     

发酵鱼酱酸产GABA乳酸菌的分离筛选及发酵特性

从传统发酵鱼酱酸中筛选出产γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA）的乳酸菌并分析其菌株发酵特性。通过薄层色谱法定性、Berthelot比色法定量获得产GABA菌株，并进行耐酸、耐胆盐、氨基酸脱羧酶活性、抑菌性、生长曲线及pH值、产酸速率等菌株发酵特性分析。结果表明：从分离自鱼酱酸不同发酵阶段的387 株乳酸菌中，获得15 株典型产GABA菌株，包括2 株食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）、1 株熊蜂魏斯氏菌（Weissella bombi）、11 株植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和1 株戊糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus pentosus）。15 株乳酸菌产GABA能力及发酵特性在主成分分析图上差异显著，其中食窦魏斯氏菌Y113产GABA量为0.239 mg/mL，高于其他菌株；植物乳杆菌Y279和Y64展现出较好的耐酸性、耐胆盐性、抑菌性、无氨基酸脱羧酶活性、生长速率及产酸速率快的特点。鉴于其优良的发酵特性、益生特性及产GABA能力，菌株Y279可作为鱼酱酸工业化、标准化生产的潜在优良菌株。     

江西酸芋荷中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及在泡菜发酵中的应用

以江西省赣州客家常见传统发酵食品酸芋荷为样品,采用MRS-碳酸钙培养基筛选出具有明显溶钙圈、产酸量较大的15株细菌。通过生理生化特征分析及16S rRNA基因序列比对、构建系统发育树,鉴定为8株植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,5株短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）,2株干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）。对15株乳酸菌进行耐酸、耐胆盐、耐盐能力测定,筛选得到性能优良的乳酸菌菌株A03c4、A03d1。人工接种乳酸菌A03c4、A03d1发酵泡菜,缩短了发酵时间,改善了传统发酵泡菜的品质。本研究为乳酸菌泡菜发酵剂开发的菌种选育提供了依据。     

发酵风干肠中乳酸菌的发酵性能

对从自然发酵风干肠中分离的6 株乳酸菌的发酵性能进行评价,主要包括测定菌株的生长曲线、产酸能力、对NaCl及NaNO2的耐受能力,同时通过吲哚实验和抗生素敏感性测定对菌株的安全性进行初步评价。结果表明：6 株乳酸菌生长趋势接近,均在8 h左右进入生长稳定期,pH值在0～8 h下降最快,清酒乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌的产酸能力更强;所有菌株均可在6 g/100 mL NaCl和0.015 g/100 mL NaNO2条件下生长,植物乳杆菌和弯曲乳杆菌的NaCl耐受能力最优,清酒乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌则对NaNO2具有最强的耐受能力;吲哚实验中6 株乳酸菌的反应结果均为阴性,对实验所选抗生素无耐药性,说明6 株乳酸菌具有较好的发酵性能和安全性,可作为功能性发酵剂用于发酵肉制品的生产。     

发酵香肠中益生性乳杆菌的分离及筛选

利用PH2.5和1%胆盐的MRS液体培养基,对自然发酵香肠中耐低酸耐胆盐的乳杆菌进行富集,从中分离纯化得到184株乳杆菌。通过一级筛选:24h产酸、耐盐耐硝性、产粘液、产过氧化氢等实验,筛选出20株符合发酵香肠乳酸菌发酵剂基本要求的菌株。通过二级筛选:耐低酸能力、耐胆汁酸盐能力和抑菌能力,最终筛选出了性能优良乳杆菌3株,可作为益生型发酵剂用于发酵香肠生产。文中还对所获得菌株的相关发酵性能进行了测定。     

发酵花生酸奶益生乳杆菌菌株筛选及其蛋白酶活性

以从天然发酵食品及保健品中自行分离选育的14株益生乳杆菌为试验菌株,对花生乳发酵。对发酵前、后的pH值、活菌数、感官特性和蛋白酶活进行分析,经层层筛选,得到繁殖能力强,发酵活力好的2株益生乳酸菌。干酪乳杆菌05-20和植物乳杆菌fs-4发酵后活菌数在8.29 lg(CFU/m L)以上,pH值在4.5以下,蛋白酶活分别为4.417 U/m L和15.638 U/m L。通过SDS-PAGE电泳得出菌株具有蛋白酶活且能将大分子花生蛋白分解为小分子蛋白和花生肽。试验结果表明这两株益生乳杆菌具有发酵花生酸乳的潜力,为进一步开发花生酸奶产品和研究花生酸乳功能性质提供理论和实践依据。     

抗幽门螺旋杆菌乳酸菌的筛选与益生特性评价

目的:从发酵食品、乳制品和婴儿粪便中筛选具有拮抗幽门螺旋杆菌活性且益生特性良好的乳酸菌。方法:从175份样品中筛选获得39株具有良好遗传稳定性的疑似乳酸菌株,采用体外抑菌圈法和尿素酶活性试验筛选出能抑制幽门螺旋杆菌生长的9株菌,并对其中活性最强的菌株GQ1702和D1进行16S rDNA鉴定。然后,进一步评价其耐酸、耐胆盐、抗生素耐药性、抑菌性能、表面疏水性及自凝集性等益生特性。结果:筛选得到两株拮抗幽门螺旋杆菌的乳酸菌:瑞士乳杆菌GQ1702（Lactobacillus helveticus GQ1702）和植物乳杆菌D1（Lactobacillus plantarum D1）,其发酵产物的抗幽门螺旋杆菌活性分别相当于浓度为0.038 mg/mL和0.034 mg/mL甲硝唑的抑制率。在pH为3的环境中培养3 h后的存活率均大于70%,在含0.3%胆盐环境中培养3 h后存活率分别为0.47%和1.08%,疏水作用力分别为25.10%和11.79%,自凝集率在24 h后分别达到75.53%和68.61%,与幽门螺旋杆菌的交互凝集率在24 h分别达到61.18%和57.25%。对常见抗生素（氯霉素、青霉素、红霉素、氨苄青霉素和头孢唑林）不耐药,对4种肠道致病菌（金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）均具有抑制作用。结论:本试验筛选到具有拮抗幽门螺旋杆菌能力的植物乳杆菌D1和瑞士乳杆菌GQ1702,可为功能性乳制品的开发及研究提供菌株。     

酢辣椒中益生乳酸菌的筛选及其功能特性

为从酢辣椒筛选出具有益生特性的菌株,开发辣椒益生菌产品,本实验从地方特色发酵食品酢辣椒中分离得到16 株乳酸菌,以产酸速度、耐人工胃液能力为指标进行初筛,通过生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析方法鉴定;并通过研究菌株对工艺逆境的耐受能力,表面疏水性和自聚合能力以及抑菌活性、抗氧化能力、降解亚硝盐能力和安全特性来评价乳酸菌的益生特性。结果表明：发酵乳杆菌17-1、发酵乳杆菌18-2和短乳杆菌L3-5能耐受0.4%苯酚、溶酶菌和热处理;具有较高的表面疏水性和自聚合能力;能产生具有广谱抑菌效果的细菌素来抑制病原菌的生长;菌株L3-5和17-1具有较高的抗氧化能力;3 株菌都具有胆盐水解酶活性和产γ-氨基丁酸能力,并且都属于安全性菌株。综上所述,传统酢辣椒是分离益生乳酸菌新的天然来源,从中分离得到的发酵乳杆菌17-1、发酵乳杆菌18-2和短乳杆菌L3-5可以作为潜在的益生性菌株。     

新疆地区驴乳源优良乳酸菌发酵剂的筛选及菌株益生特性

从新疆哈密地区的15个驴乳样品中分离筛选出38株疑似乳酸菌,其中7株菌具有明显凝乳特性.经16S rRNA基因测序鉴定为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)HL12-21、戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)HL29-5、蒙氏肠球菌(Enterococcus mundt...     

高产γ-氨基丁酸植物乳杆菌的益生特性

采用植物乳杆菌UL-4发酵生产富含γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）的鹰嘴豆乳,并通过检测此菌株的耐酸、耐胆盐、抑菌、表面特性、降解胆固醇和甘油三酯的能力评价其益生特性。结果表明：菌株发酵鹰嘴豆乳48 h后,活菌数为7.81（lg（CFU/mL））,GABA产量为371.14 mg/L。pH值为2、3、4时,菌株的存活率分别为46.67%、91.81%、174.21%;在质量分数为0.03%、0.15%和0.3%胆盐中的存活率分别为382.83%、91.81%、56.28%,显示出良好的耐酸耐胆盐特性;菌株的表面凝集性和疏水性分别为52.49%和61.50%,在肠道具备一定的黏附和定植能力;菌株具有良好的抑菌特性,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别为14.40、15.77、13.36 mm;菌株具备对胆固醇和甘油三酯的降解能力,降解率分别为73.23%和19.11%。植物乳杆菌UL-4能够发酵鹰嘴豆乳产GABA,又具有良好的益生特性,可用于开发功能性食品。     

巴马长寿老人源乳酸杆菌的筛选及其益生特性

为获得巴马长寿老人肠道乳杆菌并研究其益生特性,采用改良MRS+Ca CO3固体培养基与改良MRS+X-gal固体培养基从10位广西巴马百岁老人粪便中筛选出19株乳杆菌,再通过生理生化实验、糖发酵实验、模拟胃肠转运实验、疏水性实验和自凝集实验,筛选出消化道逆环境耐受性强和粘附力好的菌株3株(GU-L3、GU-P132和GU-G23),进一步对三株菌进行了16Sr DNA序列鉴定,结果发现GU-L3为干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei);GU-P132为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum);GU-G23为格氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)。三个菌株经模拟胃肠液转运实验后,存活率皆达到107 CFU/m L以上,自凝集率分别为12.43±0.03%、78.88±0.01%和35.92±0.02%,疏水率分别为6.38±0.02%、81.77±0.02%和10.58±0.05%,粘附性也高于其他菌株。经与国内外有关报道相比,综合认为这三株来自巴马老人肠道的乳酸杆菌益生特性明显,具有较好的开发潜力。     

Identification of potential probiotic starter cultures for Scandinavian-type fermented sausages

Potential probiotic cultures suitable as starter cultures for the Scandinavian-type fermented sausages were identified among strains well-adapted to fermented meats as well as strains originating from a culture collection. From 15 different fermented meat products, 22 strains were isolated as dominant non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB). The isolates were identified by RAPD, API and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and showed to be five strains of Lactobacillus sakei, five strains of Lactobacillus farciminis, five strains belonging to the group of Lactobacillus plantarum/pentosus, four strains of Lactobacillus alimentarius, two strains of Lactobacillus brevis and one strain of Lactobacillus versmoldensis. Heterofermentative strains as well as strains not growing at 37 degrees C and not lowering pH below 5.1 in a meat model were excluded leaving 9 strains for further studies. These strains together with 19 strains from a culture collection were evaluated by in vitro methods including survival upon exposure to pH 2.5 or 0.3% oxgall and adhesion to the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 as well as antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens. Strains that fulfilled all the probiotic criteria and showed to be fast acid producers in a meat model included three strains belonging to the group of Lb. plantarum/pentosus (MF1291, MF1298, MF1300) which originated from the dominant NSLAB of fermented meat products. MF1291 and MF 1298 were further identified as Lb. plantarum and MF1300 as Lb. pentosus. The three strains were all successfully applied as starter cultures for the production of fermented sausage. The viable count at the end of the processing period reached high cell numbers (4.7x10(7)-2.9x10(8) cfu/g) and pH of the sausages decreased to pH 4.8-4.9 without any flavour deviation compared to sausage fermented by a commercial meat starter culture.     

Potential of functional strains, isolated from traditional Maasai milk, as starters for the production of fermented milks

The purpose of this research was the evaluation of technological features and of the ability of functional LAB strains with desirable sensory characteristics, to produce fermented milk. Eight strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis, isolated from Maasai traditional fermented milk in Kenya and previously tested for their probiotic properties, were selected for this investigation. Technological features such as growth kinetics in fresh heat-treated whole milk medium and survival in the final product during storage at 4 degrees C, were studied. The strains Lb. acidophilus BFE 6,059, Lb. paracasei BFE 5,264 and Lc. lactis BFE 6,049 showed the best potential and were thus selected for use as starter cultures in further trials with the objective to improve their technological performance and to optimise the sensory features of fermented milk obtained. The effects of fat (F), non-fat milk solids (S) and fermentation temperature (T), modulated according to a Central Composite Design, on fermentation rates and viability losses during refrigerated storage of the chosen starters, and on product texture parameters, were studied. From the data analysis, it was possible to select optimum conditions for enhancing positive sensory traits of final products and for improving the survival of these potentially probiotic cultures.     

Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a Greek dry-fermented sausage in respect of their technological and probiotic properties

A total of 147 lactic acid bacteria was isolated from two types of naturally fermented dry sausages at four different stages of the ripening process studied in order to select the most suitable strains according to their technological characteristics including probiotic properties and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. Identification of the isolates revealed that 90% were lactobacilli, 4% enterococci, 3% Pediococcus sp. and sporadic isolates of Weissella viridescens, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Leuconostoc sp. The isolated strains of Lactobacillus sakei (49 isolates), Lactobacillus curvatus (24 isolates) and Lactobacillus plantarum (7 isolates) were further characterized. All strains could grow at 15?°C, whereas the majority of the strains was able to grow in the presence of 6.5% NaCl and on acetate agar. The enzymatic potential of the strains was evaluated using the API ZYM system. During in vitro investigations all strains exhibited high leucine and valine aminopeptidase activities and moderate acid phosphatase and phosphohydrolase activities. Some strains showed very weak lipolytic activity. The enzyme profiling is an important factor for selection of strains as starter cultures. A large majority of the strains tolerated 0.1% bile salts whereas 58% of Lactobacillus curvatus strains and all Lactobacillus plantarum strains were resistant to 0.3% bile salts. All Lactobacillus sakei strains and the majority of Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus plantarum strains exhibited an anti-listerial activity against three Listeria monocytogenes strains. A percentage of 75, 50 and 29% of Lactobacillus sakei, L. curvatus and L. plantarum strains, respectively, could inhibit two Staphylococcus aureus strains. The contribution of the selected strains to a possible inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and S. aureus in situ on fermented meats would be of considerable interest to enhance the hygienic quality of these products.