胡萝卜芹菜汁复合营养灌肠的研制

以胡萝卜和芹菜作为蔬菜原料,采用传统配料结合现代工艺制作胡萝卜芹菜汁复合营养灌肠。选取胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁、玉米淀粉和大豆组织蛋白作为单因素,并在单因素结果基础上进一步设计正交试验,结合感官评定、质构分析,研究胡萝卜芹菜复合营养灌肠的配方最佳配比。结果表明：胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁添加量对复合营养灌肠感官和风味形成影响最大,大豆组织蛋白对灌肠质构起关键作用;最佳配比为：胡萝卜芹菜复合蔬菜汁添加量18％、玉米淀粉添加量10％、大豆组织蛋白添加量6％。     

山药肉类复合灌肠的配方优化研究

通过在灌肠配方中加入山药,原料经护色,腌制,斩拌,蒸煮等工序制得复合灌肠,增强了灌肠的营养保健功效,从而达到营养互补的目的。试验选择猪肉肥瘦质量比、山药添加量、改性玉米淀粉添加量以及山药添加方式为主要因素,研究不同因素的改变对山药复合灌肠感官品质的影响。试验结果表明:猪肉肥瘦质量比为1∶5,山药添加量为12%,淀粉添加量为18%,山药的添加状态为熟(糊状)时复合灌肠的弹性、组织状态、口感等最好。本研究为山药的深加工开辟了新的途径。     

青麦仁粽子加工工艺及品质分析

为丰富粽子种类,提高粽子品质,以青麦仁、糯米为主要原料,研究青麦仁粽子加工工艺及品质之间的关系。首先建立青麦仁粽子的感官评价标准,以感官评分为评价标准,研究青麦仁粽子加工过程中青麦仁添加量、青麦仁煮制时间、粽子蒸煮时间对青麦仁粽子品质的影响,采用正交试验进行工艺优化,并进行青麦仁粽子质构与感官品质的相关性分析。最佳工艺参数为：青麦仁添加量为粽体质量的30%、青麦仁煮制时间20 min、粽子蒸煮时间60 min,在此工艺条件下制作青麦仁粽子,综合感官评分85 分;相关性分析结果表明,硬度、黏着性、胶着性、咀嚼性可以从客观上评价青麦仁粽子品质。研究所制青麦仁粽子清香、软糯、甘润,并保留了青麦仁的营养和健康特性。     

茭白低温火腿肠的研制

以猪肉为主料,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察茭白、玉米淀粉、大豆分离蛋白对火腿肠品质的影响。结果表明:茭白低温火腿肠的最佳工艺配方为猪肉100%计时,茭白添加量5%,玉米淀粉添加量12%,大豆分离蛋白添加量4%。     

无磷保水剂在甜玉米成型鸡块中的应用

为增加甜玉米成型鸡块的保水性和安全性,选用食盐、淀粉、大豆分离蛋白以及卡拉胶作为混合磷酸盐的替代物。以油炸损失率和感官评分为指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化了无磷保水剂的最佳配比。结果表明:与其他种类淀粉相比,玉米变性淀粉可以较好的降低成型鸡块的油炸损失率和提高鸡块的感官品质。无磷保水剂对油炸损失率影响的大小依次为大豆分离蛋白、食盐、卡拉胶、玉米变性淀粉最小。四种配料的最佳配比是食盐添加量为1.5%,大豆分离蛋白添加量为9%,玉米变性淀粉添加量为7%,卡拉胶添加量为0.4%。     

正交试验优化传统中式裙带菜香肠制作工艺

以裙带菜和猪肉为主要原料,制成一种营养丰富的裙带菜香肠。通过裙带菜、淀粉、大豆分离蛋白的不同添加量以及瘦肥肉的比例的4个单因素试验和正交试验,以香肠的感官特性及质构性能为评价指标,确定了裙带菜香肠的最佳配方。试验表明:裙带菜香肠的最佳工艺条件是裙带菜的添加量为20%,淀粉的添加量为18%,大豆分离蛋白的添加量为5%,瘦肥肉的比例为4.0∶1。     

转谷氨酰胺酶改善大豆组织蛋白肉丸品质

为了获得高品质的肉丸制品,以添加大豆组织蛋白的肉丸为研究对象,采用转谷氨酰胺酶对其进行酶解改性.通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,研究不同酶解条件对大豆组织蛋白肉丸品质的影响.结果表明:三因素对肉丸品质的影响主次顺序依次为酶添加量＞反应温度＞反应时间,最佳工艺条件为酶添加量0.3％、反应温度53℃、反应时间122min,在此条件下,产品的感官评分为22.5,比未改性产品的感官评分提高了0.8.综上所述,转谷氨酰胺酶能显著改善大豆组织蛋白肉丸的品质,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

槐花营养灌肠的研制

研究了槐花营养灌肠的工艺条件.在分别研究槐花、淀粉和肥瘦肉比添加对产品质量影响的基础上,以感官评价指标,通过正交实验确定了产品的配方.结果表明,槐花灌肠的最佳配方为:每100g猪肉中,槐花添加量18g、淀粉添加量20g、肥瘦肉比为3:1.按此配方进行加工,可制得有槐花风味浓郁且营养丰富的槐花保健灌肠.     

不同黏结剂对重组鱼糜质构特性的影响

在单因子黏结剂试验的基础上,采用L9(34)多因子黏结剂试验对重组鱼糜质构特性的研究,以探讨不同黏结剂对重组鱼糜质构特性的影响。结果表明,在单因子黏结剂试验中,除山梨糖醇外,不同黏结剂都显著改善重组鱼糜的组织结构,最佳添加量为大豆分离蛋白8%,玉米淀粉9%,山梨糖醇≤6%。L9(34)正交优化试验中,影响重组鱼糜质构特性能力的主次顺序为大豆分离蛋白质山梨糖醇谷氨酰胺转胺酶玉米淀粉,各黏结剂的组合为A3B2C1D3时,即大豆蛋白6%、玉米淀粉10%、TG 0.8%,不添加山梨糖醇,重组鱼糜的质构特性较好。此外,低添加量黏结剂对重组鱼糜的风味无影响,当大豆分离蛋白添加量在8%以上时鱼糜味较淡,玉米淀粉添加量在9%以上时淀粉味重。     

豆豉牛肉酱食品工艺的研究

以牛肉和豆豉为主要原料,采用感官评定和正交试验法研制出营养丰富、风味独特的功能性方便食品-豆豉牛肉酱,并对产品在其加工过程中淀粉、大豆组织蛋白、豆豉的添加量对酱体质量、风味的影响进行了探讨,最后根据实验结果确定出相应的生产工艺及工艺参数.     

The effect of extractable lipid on the viscosity characteristics of corn and wheat starches

The defatting of both corn and wheat starch with 85% methanol yields starches which start to gelatinise at lower temperatures and have increased overall viscosities compared with untreated starches. The lipids extracted from wheat and corn starch with 85 % methanol were similar in total amount but showed very large differences in the proportions of neutral and phospholipids. The extracted corn lipids contained eight times as much neutral lipids (mainly free fatty acids) as phospholipids whereas the proportions of neutral and phospholipids in wheat starch were approximately equal. Addition of extracted lipids to defatted starches significantly modified the swelling and viscosity characteristics. Addition of wheat and corn lipids to potato starch (which contains almost no lipids) indicated that the higher percentage of phospholipids in wheat starch probably contributed towards the lower viscosity characteristics of wheat starch compared with corn starch.     

Kinetics of pH and colour of meat emulsions containing various fillers during smokehouse cooking

The cooking kinetics of meat emulsions containing various fillers was determined by monitoring changes in pH and colour during smokehouse cooking. The fillers used were buttermilk powder, corn starch, microcrystallline cellulose, modified corn starch, modified wheat flour, soy-protein concentrate and whey-protein concentrate. The cooking process was modelled using reaction kinetics and Eyring's absolute reaction rate theory. Enthalpy and entropy changes of activation were calculated for various properties and fillers.     

Kinetics of hydration properties of meat emulsions containing various fillers during smokehouse cooking

The cooking kinetics of meat emulsions containing various fillers was determined by monitoring changes in hydration properties such as cooking loss and water-holding capacity during smokehouse cooking. Press juice, consumer cook test and emulsion stability of cooked product were also determined. The fillers used were buttermilk powder, corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose, modified corn starch, modified wheat flour, soy-protein concentrate and whey-protein concentrate. The cooking process was modelled using reaction kinetics and Eyring's absolute reaction rate theory. Enthalpy and entropy changes of activation were calculated for various properties and fillers.     

STRESS RELAXATION KINETICS OF MEAT BATTERS CONTAINING VARIOUS FILLERS DURING SMOKEHOUSE COOKING

Changes in stress relaxation properties during smokehouse cooking of meat batters containing various fillers were determined. The fillers used were butter-milk powder, corn starch, modified corn starch, modified wheat flour, soy-protein concentrate, whey-protein concentrate, and micro-crystalline cellulose. The cooking process was modelled using reaction kinetics and Eyring's absolute reaction rate theory. Enthalpy and entropy changes of activation were calculated for various properties and fillers.     

麦草浆助留助滤剂的研究

用CS（阳离子淀粉），PEI(改性聚乙烯亚胺（和CPAM（阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（等对麦草浆的助留，助作用进行了研究，结果表明，CS，CPAM，PEI对麦草浆来说，都是良好的助留剂，从达到细料留着效果所需的用量来看，CPAM＜PEI＜CS。从淀粉种源看，马铃薯淀粉对细粒的留着效果最好，其次是木薯淀粉，再次为玉米淀粉，取代度高的阳离子淀粉对细粒的留着效果比取代度低的阳离子淀粉好。CS、CPAM，PEI对麦草浆的助作用明显，但必须在适量范围内。     

玉米淀粉与小麦淀粉性能对比及纯棉纱上浆研究

通过大量实验对玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉的性能进行了测试研究，并探讨了以玉米、小麦淀粉为主浆料对纯棉纱上浆的浆纱质量，结果表明其上浆效果玉米淀粉略优于小麦淀粉。     

不同来源的淀粉制备淀粉磷酸单酯的性能及应用

本文比较了马铃薯淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉及经磷酸化后产品的物理性能，着重研究了其粘度及糖、盐对其粘度的影响并比较了磷酸化对糊的透明度、冻融稳定性及其对发泡体系的影响，结果表明不同淀粉制得的淀粉磷酸单酯的性能有很大差别。在蛋糕中的应用试验表明，在蛋糕中添加淀粉磷酸单酯可以增加比容并延长其货架寿命。     

大米胚芽营养特性研究

大米胚芽富含多种营养成分,但目前大多作为大米加工副产物用于饲料或被浪费丢弃,深加工利用程度不高,经济效益低。分析了大米胚芽的基础营养成分,结果表明大米胚芽中有大量蛋白质,氨基酸种类丰富,脯氨酸、丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸含量较高;微量元素种类丰富,锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）的含量显著高于精米;脂肪酸含量高于小麦胚芽和玉米胚芽,且不饱和脂肪酸占比较高,营养品质较好,有较高的开发利用价值;X衍射结果表明胚芽淀粉是典型的A型淀粉,具有较高的直/支链淀粉比,有良好的消化性。对大米胚芽的营养成分物质进行测定,并和市售普通种类主粮进行对比研究,能够帮助进一步了解其营养特性,为大米胚芽的开发利用提供科学参考。     

Comparison of various types of starch when used in meat sausages

Technological and sensory properties of meat sausages formulated with 4·0% of either potato flour, modified (acetylated distarch phosphate) potato starch, wheat, corn or tapioca starch were compared. Sausages were analyzed after cooking at temperatures between 65 and 85°C followed by storage at 5°C and -25°C. Characteristics evaluated were weight loss during cooking and storage, instrumentally and sensory assessed firmness, taste and smell of sausages. The results revealed differences in the suitability of starches for use in meat sausages. Part of the differences could be ascribed to differences in gelatination properties of the starches. With the criteria used for evaluating quality, potato flour was rated as the best suited starch followed by wheat starch while tapioca was rated as the least suited. Corn starch required cooking temperatures above 75°C and showed relatively low freeze/thaw stability. The modified potato starch stored well both above and below the freezing point.     

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HEATED CORN STARCH + SOYBEAN 7S AND 11S GLOBULIN DISPERSIONS

At 10% solids content, magnitudes of G' and G" of soybean 7S dispersion were substantially lower than those of corn starch dispersion, while those of soybean 11S dispersion were much higher than those of starch. Profiles of G' at 30 Hz as a function of starch concentration of starch + 7S and starch + 11S gels were asymmetrical reflecting phase separation due to thermodynamic incompatibility. However, the starch concentration corresponding to the critical point below which no phase separation occurs for the starch + 7S dispersion was about 7% and for the starch + 11S dispersion it was about 3%. At equal starch fractions, values of G' at 30 rad s^-1 of corn starch + 7S dispersions were nearly equal to those of only corn starch. In contrast, at starch concentrations between 6–8%, G' values of the corn starch + 11S dispersions were much higher than those of only starch and a minimum value occurred at a starch concentration of about 5%. Based on frequency dependence of G' values, heated corn starch + 7S dispersions may be classified as weak gels, while heated corn starch + 11S dispersions may be classified as true gels.