烟丝石油醚提取物与卷烟焦油量之间的关系研究

通过检测不同焦油量卷烟中烟丝的石油醚提取物含量 ,研究了烟丝石油醚提取物与卷烟焦油量的定量关系。试验表明 ,卷烟烟丝的石油醚提取物含量与其焦油量正相关。     

叶组配方卷烟烟气预测模型的建立

利用多元回归分析方法建立了叶组配方焦油量、烟气烟碱量、一氧化碳量和抽吸口数的预测模型,并筛选出了与这4项指标关系密切的化学成分,包括总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、挥发碱、钾、氯、硫酸根等。利用所建模型对4种卷烟产品叶组配方的烟气指标进行了预测,结果表明,其焦油量、烟气烟碱量、一氧化碳量和抽吸口数的预测误差范围分别为0.04～1.13mg/支、0.13～0.50mg/支、0.11～2.95mg/支和0.37～1.15口/支。     

卷烟劲头与其烟丝、烟气主要化学成分的相关性

测定了33种成品卷烟及17种单料烤烟烟丝的pH值、总挥发碱、总烟碱、游离烟碱、总氮和还原糖及其烟气总粒相物、总粒相物pH值、焦油、烟碱、游离烟碱和含水率,评价了其劲头,并将其劲头与其常规化学指标进行了灰色关联分析。结果发现,烟丝及烟气中的总烟碱是影响卷烟劲头的主要因素,游离烟碱是次要因素。     

傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪在制丝线上的应用

用在线傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪采集制丝线上烟丝的光谱,建立了在线烟丝含水率、总植物碱、总糖和总氮的数学模型。利用这些模型可以快速、准确地预测生产线上烟丝的这些常规化学成分含量。含水率、总植物碱、总糖和总氮的预测值与化学方法实测值的平均相对误差分别为1.1%、1.9%、2.1%和1.7%,表明应用在线傅立叶近红外光谱仪能够对制丝线上烟丝的化学成分进行快速检测和在线监控。     

傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪在烟草制丝线上的应用

用在线傅立叶变换近红外光谱仪采集制丝线上的烟丝光谱,建立了在线烟丝含水率、总植物碱、总糖和总氮的数学模型。利用这些模型可以快速、准确地预测生产线上烟丝的常规化学成分含量。含水率、总植物碱、总糖和总氮的预测值与化学方法实测值的平均相对误差分别为1.1%、1.9%、2.1%和1.7%,表明应用在线傅立叶近红外光谱仪能够对制丝线上烟丝的化学成分进行快速检测和在线监控。     

降低卷烟焦油量的技术措施研究

为研究进一步降低卷烟焦油量的技术措施，在分析卷烟有害成分的基础上，从叶组配方、原辅材料、烟丝结构、助燃剂添加量等方面对焦油产生量的影响进行了试验分析。结果表明，随着盘纸透气度的增加和滤棒压降的增大，卷烟焦油量呈下降趋势，若卷烟焦油量为１５ｍｇ／支时，盘纸透气度应大于５５Ｃｏｒｅｓｔａ；随着滤棒压降的增大，焦油量降低；在卷烟配方中添加一定比例的膨胀烟丝和助燃剂，有利于降低卷烟焦油量。     

卷烟材料与焦油量关系的回归设计与分析

为研究卷烟材料与卷烟焦油量的影响关系,采用一次回归正交试验设计方法,对卷烟纸透气度、滤嘴吸阻和滤嘴长度3个因素与卷烟焦油量的影响关系进行了试验研究.结果表明,滤嘴长度对焦油量的影响为极显著;卷烟纸透气度和滤嘴吸阻对焦油量的影响为显著.所得3个因素与焦油量之间的回归方程为极显著,与实际验证拟合度较好,其预测结果和实测结果相对偏差的绝对值均小于5%.利用该回归方程,可以在限定的研究区域内对卷烟焦油量进行预测.     

降低焦油量是发展我国卷烟生产的必由之路

如何降低卷烟中的焦油量,是目前国内外普遍关心的课题。我国卷烟产品为传统的烤烟型,由于受原料条件的制约,比较难以降低其焦油量。因此,研究如何降低卷烟(尤其是烤烟型卷烟)的焦油量是有现实意义的。降低焦油的途径可通过合理选择滤咀的单丝截面形状、单丝(代系)数和总(代系)数、采用活性炭复合滤咀、高透气度盘纸、滤咀打孔、膨胀烟丝梗丝以及适当减少糖的用量等方法来解决。     

卷烟烟气pH与烟气总粒相物中游离烟碱的关系

对烟气总粒相物pH的测定方法进行了实验研究,确定了准确测定烟气总粒相物pH的方法。对烟气总粒相物中游离烟碱含量的测定方法进行了实验研究,确定了用配备FID的气相色谱仪准确测定烟气总粒相物中的游离烟碱含量的方法。按照国标方法测定烟丝中总植物碱、还原糖、总氮、挥发碱的含量;按照国标方法测定卷烟的焦油、烟碱、水分。请评吸专家对卷烟进行评吸,针对烟气劲头和刺激性进行打分。对测定结果进行分析比较,研究结果表明:烟气中游离烟碱占总烟碱的比例与烟气总粒相物pH呈现显著的线性相关关系;烟丝总氮含量与烟气总粒相物pH呈显著线性相关;烟气烟碱、烟丝总烟碱、还原糖对烟气劲头有较大影响,而对烟气刺激性影响较大的因素有烟气总粒相物pH、烟叶pH、总氮等。      

卷烟主流烟气pH和粒相物pH的测定及与感官质量的关系

为比较卷烟主流烟气pH及主流烟气粒相物pH与卷烟感官质量间的相关程度,检测了20个卷烟感官标准样品的两种pH以及烟丝烟碱、总糖、还原糖、总氮、钾、氯等常规化学成分的质量分数;根据20个样品的标准评吸得分,采用简单相关分析、逐步回归分析等方法研究了两种pH以及常规化学成分与感官质量间的关系。结果表明:①主流烟气pH与卷烟感官质量的相关性大于主流烟气粒相物pH,且大于除还原糖外的其他常规化学成分。②20个卷烟感官标准样品的主流烟气pH在5.615~6.055之间变化,且表现出随感官质量得分升高而增大的变化规律。      

Total Antioxidant,Phenolic Compounds,and Total Oxidant Status of Certified and Uncertified Turkey's Honeys

In this study, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total phenols (TP) of seventeen certified and eight uncertified honey samples were analyzed. The TAC and TOS of the samples were determined using novel methods. Uncertified honey samples had significantly lower values for their TP, TAC, and TOS contents than those of certified honey samples. There was significant correlation between TOS and TP values (P < 0.01) and between TOS and TAC values (P < 0.05).     

蜜环菌菌丝与菌索活性成分含量研究

目的 测定蜜环菌(Armillaria mellea)菌丝、菌索两种形态总多糖、总蛋白、总三萜、麦角甾酮、麦角甾醇、腺苷的含量差异.方法 采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定总三萜、总多糖及总蛋白含量.采用高效液相色谱法测定麦角甾酮、麦角甾醇、腺苷成分含量.结果 蜜环菌菌丝与菌索两种形态的大部分活性成分含量差异显著,其中总三萜...     

不同品种杭白菊中酚类物质含量和清除自由基活性的比较

4种酮乡产杭白菊及黄菊和野菊,分别用乙醇-水体系进行热回流提取,用比色法测定醇提物中总酚和总黄酮含量,并用化学发光法检测春清除活性氧自由基的能力。结果表明,不同品种间含量存在较大差异,总酚和总黄酮含量（以菊花干基计）最高提异种大白菊,分别为9.76%和4.46%;最低的是黄山种野菊,分别为3.21%和1.99%。不同菊花均显示了良好的清除活性氧自由基的活性,清.OH和O2^.-的IC50分别在0.54-1.98mg/ml和24.2-54.5ug/ml之间,其中清O2^.-活性最强是大洋菊,最弱是软梗小洋菊;而清.OH能力最强为早小洋菊,最终为异种大白菊,结果表明,菊花中酚类物质的含量高低与抗自由基活性强弱无明显的对应关系。     

Antioxidant power of Iranian propolis extract

Propolis is a resinous natural hive product derived from plant exudates collected by honey bees. Due to biological and pharmacological activities, it has been extensively used in folk medicine. The present study was designed to measure the antioxidant power of ethanolic extracts of propolis samples from different parts of Iran with “ferric reducing ability of plasma” (FRAP) assay and compare the results with Trolox at concentrations of 100, 1000 and 2000 μg/ml. FRAP values of propolis ethanolic extracts were in the range of 31.5 ± 14.6 to 1650 ± 72 μM, whereas the values of Trolox ranged from 125.25 ± 9.95 to 3381.64 ± 113.83 μM. The FRAP values of Tehran propolis ethanolic extract and Trolox at concentration of 100 μg/ml did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05). Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of ethanolic extracts of propolis samples, determined by using aluminum nitrate and Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric methods, were in the range of 1.22 ± 0.33–7.79 ± 0.39 g/100 g and 3.08 ± 0.02–8.46 ± 0.03 g/100 g crude extract of propolis, respectively. The result of this experiment may show that propolis as a natural source of antioxidant compounds may be of use in prevention of free radical-related diseases.     

Nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of lunch meals consumed by elderly people of Sharpeville,South Africa

The main objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value and the total dietary antioxidant capacity (TDAC) of lunch meals consumed by elderly people attending a day-care centre in Sharpeville, South Africa. Meals were monitored and collected for a two-week period. The menus were analysed for water, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrates, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. Eighteen food items, grouped in seven different menus, were identified. Energy provided by the menus covered 32% of the daily reference intakes for females and 25% for males, and the distribution of macronutrients in the menus was 10%, 34% and 56% for protein, fat and carbohydrates, respectively. This is close to the prescribed acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges of 10–35% protein, 20–35% fat and 45–65% carbohydrates. TDAC available from the menus was estimated at 332 μmol Trolox equivalents by DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and represented about 9% of the recommended daily allowance. Fruit, which represented only 2.8% of the amount of foods composing the menus, supplied 75.3% of TDAC, whilst contributions from vegetables and legumes were low. With 269 mg gallic acid equivalent in the menus, total phenolics appeared to be quantitatively the main dietary antioxidant, and were significantly correlated (r = 0.443 and p = 0.007) with antioxidant capacity. Fruit portions of the meals served by the day-care centre to the elderly of Sharpeville, need to be increased and diversified in order to reinforce their intake of antioxidants and thus reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.     

西洋参饮料的开发与加工工艺

概述西洋参的保健作用及开发价值；简述西洋参饮料的加工工艺及相关的配套设备。     

Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Turkish Dried Fruits

In this study, bio-active molecules of ten different dried fruits, which are widely consumed in Turkey, were investigated in terms of their flavonoid profile, antioxidant capacities, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents. According to the results, all dried fruits possess an antioxidant activity at a certain level and have a different flavonoid profile with compounds belonging to the groups of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, as well as chlorogenic acid. Dried cranberries and black raisins were observed to have the highest levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity. Especially black raisin samples were featured with their high amounts of catechin and epicatechin.     

Preliminary characterisation of cornelian cherry (Cornusmas L.) genotypes for their physico-chemical properties

Fruit weight, antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, soluble solid content (SSC), reducing sugar and acidity of a number of selected cornelian cherry (Cornusmas L.) genotypes of varied pigmentation were investigated. Two methods, namely β-carotene bleaching and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to determine total antioxidant capacity, while Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was used to determine total phenols. Fruit weight, SSC and ascorbic acid content of genotypes were 2.09–9.17; 12.53–21.17% and 29–112 mg/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content varied among genotypes and 44-18 genotype had the highest antioxidant capacity using both methods. This genotype also had the highest total phenolic (74.8 mg GAE/g DW) and total anthocyanin (115 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents /100 g FW) content. There are linear relationships between antioxidant capacities and total phenols. The present study demonstrates the potential of certain cornelian cherry genotypes, notably 44-18, for improvement of nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programmes.     

连续流动分析仪快速测定甘蔗植株全氮、全磷含量

为快速、准确测定甘蔗植株全氮、全磷含量,采用对比法,探讨连续流动分析仪测定甘蔗植株全氮、全磷含量的适用性和稳定性。结果表明,连续流动仪测定全氮、全磷标准溶液线性良好,相关系数(R2)均达0.9998以上;检出限均为0.01 mg/L,标准偏差分别在0.48%~0.68%、0.23%~0.63%之间,加标回收率分别为93.00%~106.44%、93.33%~109.00%;与常规法相比,利用连续流动分析仪测定甘蔗植株全氮、全磷含量的结果均在允许偏差范围内,说明利用连续流动分析仪快速测定甘蔗植株全氮、全磷是可行的。     

Combining quality and antioxidant attributes in the strawberry: The role of genotype

The nutritional value of fruit has been widely studied and is demanded by consumers, especially for protection against cardiovascular disorder, cancer and other diseases, as well as for general health benefits. These benefits can also be ascribed to the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fruit.Fruit nutritional quality can be described by a standard quality parameter and the analyses of nutritional parameters, such as antioxidant capacity (and specific related compounds). In this study, firmness, colour, soluble solids content and titratable acidity were considered as quality parameters and TAC and total phenolic content as nutritional parameters. All these attributes were screened in 20 strawberry genotypes (cultivars and selections) for the selection of new improved genetic material (offspring) originating from different cross combinations, including an F1 Fragaria virginiana spp. glauca among parents.Results indicate that the effect of the genotype on strawberry nutritional quality is stronger than that of the cultivation conditions. However, commercial cultivation did not show a high range of variation of fruit nutritional quality, particularly for the nutritional parameters.The study of offspring originating from different cross combinations showed that fruit nutritional quality can be considered an inheritable trait and that the variability of fruit nutritional quality among commercial cultivars can be improved by breeding.Finally, results demonstrate the role of F. virginiana spp. glauca as an important genetic source of the fruit nutritional quality.