李子采后软化过程中细胞壁酶活性对果胶降解的影响

以半边红李子为实验材料,利用质构分析仪研究其常温贮藏软化过程,并考察主要细胞壁酶(果胶酯酶PE、外切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶exo-PG、内切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶endo-PG和葡聚糖苷酶EG)活性变化对果实软化及原果胶降解为可溶性果胶(WSP、ASP、HSP、SSP)的影响。结果表明,李子常温贮藏过程中PE活性变化较小,exo-PG活性一直不断下降,endo-PG活性不断升高,EG活性贮藏前期略有下降,8d之后开始不断升高。李子果肉硬度和粘性降低与原果胶和SSP降解关系密切,ASP降解与粘度降低极显著相关(p0.01),HSP降解与果肉硬度下降显著相关(p0.05)。果肉硬度和粘度变化与exo-PG活性极显著(p0.01)和显著(p0.05)相关。endo-PG活性变化对果肉硬度下降影响比较明显(p0.05)。PE活性变化与原果胶、ASP、HSP、WSP含量变化均显著相关(p0.05);exo-PG活性变化与原果胶、HSP含量变化极显著相关(p0.01),与SSP、WSP含量变化显著相关(p0.05);endo-PG对原果胶和HSP的降解影响比较大(p0.05)。EG对果胶降解影响较小。     

冷冻处理对草莓质构、水分分布及果胶含量的影响

为研究冷冻处理对草莓的影响,以细胞膜透性、果胶物质含量、质构、水分存在状态为指标,观察草莓在-18℃和-80℃冷冻时变化情况,并对各指标进行相关性分析。结果表明,与新鲜草莓相比,原果胶含量、可溶性果胶含量、硬度、弹性、粘聚性、胶着度、咀嚼度、胞外液含量及液胞水含量均显著性变化(p0.05)。-80℃冷冻组在硬度、胶着度、咀嚼度、总果胶含量、细胞膜透性方面与-18℃冷冻组存在显著性差异(p0.05),相关性分析表明,硬度和细胞膜透性、可溶性果胶含量、胞外液占总水分比例S2变化有极显著负相关(p0.01),硬度与原果胶含量、液泡水占总水分比例S3变化有极显著正相关(p0.01)。     

采收成熟度对‘盖县李’果实低温贮藏效果的影响

为了探究不同采收成熟度对‘盖县李’果实低温贮藏效果的影响,研究了低熟(硬度10.7 kg·cm-2、SSC 8.9%)、中熟(硬度7.6 kg·cm-2、SSC 9.2%)、高熟(硬度4.1 kg·cm-2、SSC 9.8%)3个采收成熟度‘盖县李’果实在低温[(0±0.5)℃,相对湿度80%~90%]环境下的贮藏品质变化和组织褐变情况。结果表明,在低温贮藏过程中,低熟李果实果肉硬度、出汁率、可滴定酸(TA)含量和失重率均显著高于中熟和高熟果实(p0.05);高熟李果实p H、可溶性固形物含量(SSC)和SSC/TA比值、乙烯释放速率和转色指数显著高于低熟和中熟果实(p0.05)。但是,高熟果实果肉的褐变指数显著高于其他采收成熟度的果实(p0.05)。结果表明,低熟~中熟李果实适于10周左右的长期贮藏;中熟~高熟李果实适于8周左右中长期贮藏。     

灵武长枣贮藏过程中活性氧代谢和水分迁移与果实硬度的相关性

目的：研究鲜食灵武长枣在贮藏期间的活性氧代谢和水分迁移与果实硬度的相关性。方法：测定灵武长枣在常温（25?℃）和4?℃贮藏过程中相对电导率、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、过氧化氢（H2O2）含量和硬度,同时结合低场核磁共振技术分析灵武长枣组织中水分迁移和含量的变化规律。结果：随着贮藏时间的延长,H2O2、MDA的含量和相对电导率均呈上升趋势,常温贮藏的鲜枣变化速率较4?℃变化更加显著（P＜0.05）;两种贮藏条件下鲜枣的相对电导率分别在第8天和第12天后迅速增加,此时鲜枣组织膜结构被破坏,H2O2和MDA大量积累;由水分迁移及不同水分的弛豫面积分析可知,随着贮藏期延长,贮藏过程中各个状态的水分子相互转化,两种贮藏条件下各阶段总弛豫面积A2和自由水弛豫面积A23变化趋势较一致,整体表现为显著下降趋势,不易流动水弛豫面积A22呈现先上升后下降趋势,常温和4?℃贮藏的鲜枣结合水弛豫面积A21分别呈下降和先升高后降低趋势。结论：4?℃贮藏的鲜枣水分流失较常温缓慢（P＜0.05）;硬度随贮藏期延长呈下降趋势,常温贮藏的鲜枣质构品质显著低于4?℃贮藏的鲜枣（P＜0.05）;相关性分析和通径分析结果表明,与A21、MDA含量、A23和相对电导率是影响鲜枣果实硬度的4 个主要指标,与硬度显著相关。该研究可为鲜食灵武长枣贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。     

低温贮藏李子细胞壁酶活性变化对果胶降解的影响

细胞壁酶活性变化对果胶降解及果实软化影响较大。本文以"半边红"李子为原料,研究0℃和10℃低温贮藏时果胶物质和主要细胞壁多糖降解酶(PE,exo-PG,endo-PG,EG)活性变化,通过相关性研究阐明细胞壁酶活性对果胶降解的影响。结果表明,低温贮藏时,四种细胞壁降解酶活性变化各不相同,较低的温度能够在一定程度上抑制各酶活性。0℃和10℃温度贮藏时,PE活性变化在5d之后显著差异,exo-PG活性变化在整个贮藏期差异显著。0℃和10℃贮藏李子endo-PG和EG活性在前10 d贮藏过程中变化差异均不明显。endo-PG和EG活性变化趋势接近,且endo-PG活性峰值出现比EG晚。相关性分析表明,原果胶和SSP与WSP含量变化显著负相关;PE活性与ASP和HSP含量变化显著正相关,PG对原果胶和SSP向WSP转化的过程中起到较为重要的作用。EG对李子果胶降解的影响作用不大。     

巨峰葡萄采后常温贮藏水分与质构变化关系的研究

以巨峰葡萄为原料,利用全质构分析(TPA)研究常温(15、30℃)贮藏时葡萄水分含量与质构特性变化的关系。结果表明:葡萄贮藏温度越高水分含量下降越快,且贮藏前期和贮藏末期水分含量下降速度较快。随着贮藏时间的延长,葡萄浆果硬度、胶黏性、弹性、凝聚性、咀嚼性均明显下降。15℃贮藏时,葡萄水分含量与硬度、凝聚性、弹性、胶黏性及黏附性极相关(p0.01),尤其是硬度及弹性,相关性系数为0.866和0.888。30℃贮藏时水分含量与硬度、弹性显著正相关(p0.01),与凝聚性显著负相关(p0.01),但与咀嚼性和胶黏性的相关性并不显著。     

两种模式贮藏过程中菠萝蜜质构特性及理化品质变化

为探讨低温贮藏对菠萝蜜质构特性及理化品质的影响,将两种模式(果苞、果肉)的菠萝蜜在低温(4±1)℃条件下贮藏18 d。以菠萝蜜质构特性(硬度)和理化品质(感官、色泽、单糖、有机酸)为指标,分析两种模式贮藏过程中菠萝蜜品质变化。结果表明:果苞硬度相比原果苞下降幅度为48.21%;果肉硬度相比原果肉下降幅度为51.06%;外观形态上果苞贮藏时间是果肉贮藏时间的一倍,L*值、容差分析与感官评价结果一致;果苞模式贮藏下可溶性固形物含量在贮藏期内相对于果肉贮藏模式变化较小;在贮藏期内果苞模式能更好的维持葡萄糖、甘露糖的含量水平,在果糖含量方面果苞与果肉无显著性差异。相比果肉贮藏模式,果苞模式可以延缓苹果酸的下降,而果肉贮藏模式可以将菠萝蜜果肉的柠檬酸维持在较高水平。综上分析,菠萝蜜两种贮藏模式在(4±1)℃低温贮藏条件下,果苞贮藏模式在贮藏期内品质较好。     

贮前光照处理对伽师瓜贮藏品质及部分防御酶活性影响

以伽师瓜为试材,研究了采后贮前经4500 lux光照处理对25℃下贮藏的甜瓜果实品质及部分酶活性的影响。伽师瓜在贮藏前处理阶段经光照强度4500 lux,贮藏温度25℃保存,后期贮藏阶段经0 lux,7℃保存,测定整个贮藏期间果实硬度及失重率、可溶性固形物、果皮色素含量、还原糖含量,以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。结果表明:伽师瓜经光照,软化加快,并显著地提高了果实失重率(p 0.05);经过49 d贮藏,光照果实可溶性固形物含量仅下降了25.13%,还原糖含量上升了65.0%;光照促使伽师瓜果皮色素含量的积累,光照与避光两种色素含量变化均存在显著差异(p 0.05);同时,光照CAT、POD、PPO酶活性均高于避光处理,且果皮酶活性均显著大于果肉(p 0.05)。     

灵武长枣贮藏过程中细胞壁成分及其相关酶活性的变化

为了解析贮藏过程中鲜食灵武长枣硬度变化的微观机理,该文利用原子力显微镜对长枣细胞壁多糖纳米结构的降解规律进行了研究,并对其降解酶活性、水分含量与果实硬度进行了相关分析.结果表明,前8d为果实快速软化期,液泡水水分含量A23与硬度同步降低(P<0.05).多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲酯酶、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactos...     

两种贮藏温度下“黑琥珀”李果实品质及不同部位抗氧化活性的变化规律

研究不同贮藏温度下李果实品质以及近果皮与近果核部位果肉抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明,在20℃贮藏时,李果实硬度、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和DPPH 自由基清除能力不同程度降低,而pH 值、总抗氧化能力、总酚和总黄酮含量升高,2℃贮藏可显著延缓李果实硬度、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和DPPH 自由 基清除能力的降低,以及pH 值、总抗氧化能力、总酚和总黄酮含量的升高;相关性分析的结果表明,李果实中酚类、黄酮类物质含量与总抗氧化能力具有极显著相关性(P ＜ 0.01);李果实近果皮及近果核处果肉的总抗氧化能力、羟自由基清除能力、总酚及总黄酮含量均存在显著性差异;李果实SSC 与近果皮果肉总抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基及DPPH 自由基能力、总酚含量的相关系数大于近果核,而pH 值与近果核处总抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基及羟自由基能力、总酚及总黄酮含量的相关系数大于近果皮果肉。李果采后品质劣变可能与清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基及DPPH 自由基能力的降低有关。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.