ThermoFisher Scientific检测食品中五种黄曲霉毒素的完整解决方案

黄曲霉毒素因具有致癌性及强急性毒性,所以在食品和农产品贸易中为必检项目,尤其经过蒙牛乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M1超标事件后,人们对黄曲霉毒素的关注愈来愈热.黄曲霉毒素是霉菌的二级代谢产物,目前主要关注的黄曲霉毒素有黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1,其中黄曲霉毒素B1的毒性和致癌性最强,而黄曲霉毒素M1是黄曲霉毒素B1的代谢物.我国规定,乳品及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M1限量为0.5μg/kg,粮食中黄曲霉毒素B1为10μg/kg.     

乳酸菌对真菌毒素的吸附效果研究

本文探讨了乳酸菌吸附黄曲霉毒素B1的强度及被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。将乳酸菌细胞与黄曲霉毒素B1在生理盐水中相混合,在37℃振荡培养60min和120min后检测生理盐水中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量,同时利用Ames试验检测被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。结果表明。在使用的8株乳酸菌中,乳酸菌结合黄曲霉毒素B1的强度在4%-50％之间,其中干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种CGMCC1.539吸附黄曲霉毒素B1能力最强。Ames试验表明,被结合的黄曲霉毒素B1仍有较强的致突变性。     

纳米硒对肉鸭日粮中黄曲霉毒素B1拮抗作用的研究

研究纳米硒缓解黄曲霉毒素中毒、降低鸭体组织和血清中黄曲霉毒素B1残留量的效果.结果表明:在黄曲霉毒素B1污染日粮中添加纳米硒,显著降低了黄曲霉毒素B1在鸭体组织中的残留量,明显改善了试验肉鸭的生长性能,减轻了黄曲霉毒素B1对试验肉鸭肝脏功能的不良影响,尤以添加0.8 mg/kg纳米硒效果最佳.纳米硒对内鸭日粮中黄曲霉毒素B1具有较好的拮抗作用.     

低温射频等离子体降解乙腈中黄曲霉毒素B1的效果与途径分析

采用低温射频等离子体处理溶解于乙腈中的黄曲霉毒素B1,考察了时间、等离子体发射功率、黄曲霉毒素B1初始浓度对黄曲霉毒素B1降解率的影响,通过HPLC-MS/MS分析降解产物及其可能的降解途径。结果表明,随着等离子体功率的增大、黄曲霉毒素B1初始浓度的降低,其降解率有增大的趋势。200~500μg/L黄曲霉毒素B1经120 W等离子体处理150 s以上,黄曲霉毒素B1的降解率可达95%以上。经过对比等离子体处理不同时间后的黄曲霉毒素B1的一级质谱,推测准分子离子峰157、299、339为可能的降解产物峰。结合产物峰的二级质谱碎片信息和黄曲霉毒素B1分子结构中的活性位点,推断出降解产物的结构和降解路径。     

细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素B1是目前已发现的黄曲霉毒素中毒性最强的一种,其具有强肝毒性、高致突变性和高致畸性。广泛存在于农产品及饲料食品中,对人类健康存在严重威胁,同时对粮食和畜牧业造成严重的经济损失。细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1是一种有效、安全和环保的解毒方法,该文通过对黄曲霉毒素B1降解的影响因素、细菌胞外酶和胞内酶等对黄曲霉毒素B1的降解机理以及黄曲霉毒素B1降解菌活性产物的应用研究等方面对细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1进行了论述,并对细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1应用前景进行展望,为以后更进一步研究提供较为全面的资料。     

乳酸菌对黄曲霉毒素B1吸附作用的研究

为研究生物防霉去毒，探讨了乳酸菌吸附黄曲霉毒素B1的强度及被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。将乳酸菌细胞与黄曲霉毒B1在生理盐水中相混合，在37℃振荡培养60min和120min后检测生理盐水中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量，同时利用Ames试验检测被吸附的黄曲霉毒素B1的致突变性。结果表明，在使用的8株乳酸菌中，乳酸菌结合黄曲霉毒素B1的强度在4％—50％之间，其中干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种CCMCCl．539吸附黄曲霉毒素B，能力最强。Ames试验表明，被结合的黄曲霉毒素B1仍有较强的致突变性。     

黄曲霉毒素B1检测方法的研究分析

黄曲霉毒素B1是黄曲霉毒素中毒性最强、危害最大的一种。由于国内外限量标准的不统一,在出口食品中由于黄曲霉毒素不合格而被通报的食品占了相当大的比例。这也对我国检测黄曲霉毒素B1的技术提出了更高的要求,在众多检测方法中酶联免疫法也因其快速、方便等特点,逐渐被认可,成为了黄曲霉毒素B1检测工作初筛的工具。     

酶联免疫法定量检测黄曲霉毒素B_1

黄曲霉毒素是多种霉菌产生的有毒代谢物,主要是由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生的次生代谢产物,主要包括四种亚型,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2,其中B1毒性最强。黄曲霉毒素存在于谷物、坚果、棉花籽及其他食品或饲料中,在湿热地区食品和饲料中出现的机率最高,它是一种强烈的致癌物。对于乳品行业,当奶牛被饲养被污染黄曲霉毒素B1的饲料后,黄曲霉毒素B1通过羟基化作用转化成黄曲霉毒素M1,进而污染牛奶。黄曲霉毒素M1结构稳定,在牛奶加工过程中甚至是巴氏消毒都无法将其去除,直至最后被人体摄入。因此大多数国家都限制食品或饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1的含量。     

小型花生榨油厂对黄曲霉毒素B1防控与技改措施

花生被黄曲霉菌污染后产生的黄曲霉毒素对人和动物有很强的致癌作用。叙述了目前花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1的污染状况,对引起黄曲霉毒素B1产生的原因、防控方法和技改措施等方面进行了阐述,重点对小型花生榨油厂在原料控制和加工过程中技术控制上进行探讨,旨在对小型花生榨油厂在黄曲霉毒素B1的防控上起到指导作用,将黄曲霉毒素B1量控制在安全水平。     

12种植物性饲料原料中霉菌毒素污染状况的调查分析

对采集的12种植物性饲料原料中的59份样品进行玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G25种霉菌毒素的检测,结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮共10种原料26份样品有检出;黄曲霉毒素B1共7种原料10份样品有检出;黄曲霉毒素B2共2种原料2份样品有检出;黄曲霉毒素G1、G2未检出。饲料原料受玉米赤霉烯酮、黄曲霉毒素B1污染较多,应加以重视。     

琥珀酸的生产技术及应用初探

琥珀酸是从琥珀中分离的天然有机酸,可通过化学合成或微生物发酵得到,本身具有良好的反应活性,衍生物众多,是一种重要的有机化工原料及中间体,目前广泛应用于化工、医药、食品等行业,本文分别探讨了琥珀酸的化学合成及生物发酵的方法,并对其应用现状和前景进行了展望.     

陶瓷纤维性能及其产品开发

简要介绍了陶瓷纤维的工业生产现状，重点论述了陶瓷纤维的化学组成、结构和理化性能，以及制造方法与产品开发，并分析了陶瓷纤维的发展趋势。     

化学防护服的研究进展

为全面了解化学防护服的各类性能要求,介绍了非织造布、无支撑橡胶或塑料、微孔膜材料、吸附性材料、涂层织物、复合材料等不同材质化学防护服的性能差异,回顾了化学防护服的发展情况;参照各类标准对防化服的要求,总结了化学防护服的设计流程,并系统概述了用于化学防护服性能评价的五级分析系统。通过对比国内外相关标准发现,目前标准中存在着性能检测局限性、标准体系化较低、标准更新速度较慢等不足。针对目前化学防护服存在的问题指出未来研究方向:在今后的研究中应从人、化学防护服、环境3个方面系统强化化学防护服各性能之间的关联性和系统性,提高对化学防护服整体性能的准确判断。     

甘蔗茎中化学元素的微区分布

用扫描电镜-能谱仪研究了甘蔗茎皮层的外表面和横切面中Si等元素的含量及分布.结果表明,皮层外表面不同形态区域中Si等元素的含量不同,颗粒物是Si高度密集的部位,Si的含量高达58.23%;平坦处的Si含量较低,为44.42%;颗粒物块及其连接处中所含Si的原子数相同,但所含C、O元素的原子数则相反.横切面中,皮层中Si的密度高且分布呈外层低里层高的规律性;维管束及薄壁细胞中Si的含量较低且分布较均匀,皮下纤维层中Si的含量最低,具有明显不同于麦秆的特点.实验结果预示不同部位中硅化物的组成及元素化学状态的差异.     

New tools to assess toxicity, bioaccessibility and uptake of chemical contaminants in meat and seafood

Meat and seafood chemical contaminants can be very dangerous for human health. The way in which food chemical contaminants are currently controlled is not optimal as the food cooking, processing and eating habits are generally not considered by authorities. The current review discusses the available information related to the toxicity of the most relevant meat and seafood chemical contaminants, their bioaccessibility after cooking or processing, and the implications for human health. In addition, the current in vivo toxicity and alternative tests carried out for testing the effects of food chemical contaminants are illustrated, as well as new detection tools. The use of non-carcinogenic functional cell models, of alternative animal models like zebrafish embryos, and a toxicogenomic approach seem to be the most promising strategy for the toxicity assessment of food chemical contaminants.     

全球制浆造纸化学品工业发展现状与趋势

文章从国际造纸化学品市场规模、该市场近年来的竞争与购并活动、造纸化学品市场发展特点来介绍、分析了近几年来国际制浆造纸化学品市场的发展变化轨迹,重点介绍了国际主要的造纸化学品供应商近几年来的发展情况;同时,比较了我国造纸化学品行业与国际市场之间的差距,并分析了其发展趋势。     

山羊乳与绵羊乳的物理化学性质比较

阐述了山羊乳与绵羊乳在物理化学方面的不同特性，比较了它们在色泽、风味以及化学组成方面的不同，如它们的脂肪、非脂固形物、蛋白质、乳糖、灰分、维生素含量等。对蛋白质和脂肪而言，还进一步讨论了它们的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成。     

Multivariate determination of the geographical origin of wines from four different countries

In the framework of the Wine Database European Project, 400 wine samples from four different countries, namely Hungary, Romania, Czech Republic and South Africa, were collected and 63 chemical parameters were analyzed in order to determine the possibility to identify the origin of a wine from its chemical content. The ability of multivariate analysis methods such as classification and regression trees and partial least squares discriminant analysis and its uninformative variable elimination variant to achieve this classification task is investigated and a special attention is given to variable selection. The results observed show that it is possible to obtain excellent classification rates based on the chemical content of only few parameters, such as for instance the isotopic ratios or the concentration in trace elements.     

Radiation preservation of foods of plant origin. Part IV. Subtropical fruits: citrus, grapes, and avocados

Current information on the use of ionizing radiation for improving the storage of subtropical fruits like citrus, grapes, and avocados is reviewed. The feasibility of applying radiation either alone or in combination with other physical or chemical treatments for the control of postharvest fungal diseases is considered. Irradiation effects on the physiology of the fruits as related to respiration, ethylene evolution, changes in major chemical constituents, and quality are discussed. The recent trends in the possible use of irradiation as an alternative treatment to chemical fumigants for disinfestation of citrus and avocados and the prospects for the future application of irradiation for preservation of some of these fruits are outlined.     

Bioaccumulation potential of persistent organic chemicals in humans

A model was used to explore the influence of physicalchemical properties on the potential of organic chemicals to bioaccumulate in humans. ACC-HUMAN, a model of organic chemical bioaccumulation through the agricultural and aquatic food chains to humans, was linked to a level I unit world model of chemical fate in the physical environment and parametrized for conditions in southern Sweden. Hypothetical, fully persistent chemicals with varying physical-chemical properties were distributed in the environment, and their bioaccumulation to humans was calculated. The results were evaluated using the environmental bioaccumulation potential (EBAP), defined as the quotient of the chemical quantity in a human divided by the quantity of chemical in the whole environment. Since the latter is closely related to emissions, EBAP is potentially a more useful tool for comparative risk assessment of chemicals than currently used medium-specific measures such as the fish-water bioaccumulation factor. A high environmental bioaccumulation potential, defined as > 10% of the maximum EBAP, was found for chemicals with 2 < log KOW < 11 and 6 < log KOA < 12. While these chemical partitioning properties clearly influenced bioaccumulation at each trophic level, these effects tended to equalize over the food web. The fact that the transfer from the environment as a whole to humans was quite uniform over a large chemical partitioning space suggests that these partitioning properties are relatively unimportant determinants of human exposure compared to other factors such as the substance's persistence in the environment and in the food web.