一株具降胆固醇功能的海洋源植物乳杆菌的筛选及其益生性能分析

本文采用邻苯二甲醛法从喙鲸内脏中筛选分离出一株高效降胆固醇能力的乳酸菌HJ-S2,考察并研究了乳酸菌HJ-S2的体外益生性能。通过耐酸、耐胆盐测定菌株的益生作用,研究了其对致病菌的抑菌作用及对人结肠癌细胞HT-29的粘附能力,利用形态学、API50CH和16S rDNA对菌株进行鉴定。乳酸菌HJ-S2体外降胆固醇能力达到48.82%,在p H值3的酸性环境中培养3h耐受率达到82.73%,在含0.3%的胆盐环境中培养3 h耐受率达80.62%。菌株代谢物对致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌均有一定的抑菌作用,且菌株对人结肠癌细胞HT-29很强的粘附能力,粘附细菌数为132.52,经鉴定为植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum,并命名为HJ-S2(CGMCCNO:17720)。筛选得到的植物乳杆菌HJ-S2体外具有高效降胆固醇能力,可进一步开发为功能性微生态制剂。     

产胆盐水解酶BSH乳酸菌的鉴定及发酵条件优化

目的:鉴定降胆固醇和产胆盐水解酶的乳酸菌菌株,并通过优化发酵条件提高胆盐水解酶酶活.方法:对初步筛选的乳酸菌菌株Lp-1进行体外降胆固醇试验,采用PCR方法鉴定菌株中的胆盐水解酶基因,用16SrRNA方法鉴定该菌株,并对该菌株发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化.结果:乳酸菌菌株Lp-1具有体外降胆固醇功能,基因组中含有胆盐水解酶基因,其脱氧核糖核苷酸序列与已发表的胆盐水解酶基因同源性为98.9%;该菌株与已发表的植物乳杆菌16S rRNA同源性为99%;通过发酵条件优化,以葡萄糖为碳源,蛋白胨、酵母粉为氮源,碳氮比1∶1,初始pH 6.5,接种量7%,在37 ℃下培养14 h,胆盐水解酶酶活最高达到11.2 U/mL.结论:鉴定到1株植物乳杆菌Lp-1(Lactobacillius plantarum Lp-1),该菌含有胆盐水解酶基因,并产胆盐水解酶;发酵条件优化后该菌产胆盐水解酶活力比优化前提高6倍.     

传统腊肠中降胆固醇降甘油三酯益生菌的筛选及鉴定

从传统腊肠中筛选高效的降胆固醇降油三酯的益生菌,并对其进行菌种鉴定。通过平板分离、降胆固醇降甘油三酯能力测定,从传统腊肠中分离筛选出1株胆固醇降解率65.23%、甘油三酯降解率42.93%的菌株G1-28。耐酸耐胆盐及抗菌能力测定结果表明,在pH2条件下培养4 h后,其存活率为77.8%,经0.1%胆盐处理4 h后,菌株G1-28的存活率为87.2%,并且对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有较强抑菌能力。经形态学、生理生化实验和16S rDNA部分序列分析,将菌株G1-28鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。     

高效降胆固醇降甘油三酯乳酸菌的分离鉴定和功能分析

筛选出高效降胆固醇降甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)菌株,为新型药物、保健食品的研制提供优良菌株。从6种西北特有样品中筛选分离出乳酸菌,采用磷硫铁比色法测定菌株降胆固醇能力,并测定菌株降甘油三酯能力,通过抑菌实验、耐酸、耐胆盐及小鼠体内毒性试验研究菌株各项性能,利用生理生化及16S rDNA法对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,本试验筛选出3株高效降胆固醇降甘油三酯乳酸菌,其中菌株ZL010降胆固醇、降甘油三酯效果最强,蛋黄中胆固醇的降解率为73.65%,高纯度胆固醇降解率为40.06%,甘油三酯降解率为5.10%。3株菌都具有很好的抑菌、耐酸、耐胆盐能力,菌株经生理生化及16S rDNA鉴定ZL005为耐久肠球菌(Enterococcus durans),ZL010为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),ZL016为戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)。小鼠毒性试验表明,菌株无毒副作用,小鼠各脏器一切正常,菌株可用于降脂降胆固醇保健药品及功能食品的制备。     

来宾酒糟酸菜中降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选鉴定及发酵工艺研究

该研究采用钙溶圈法及MRS-胆固醇培养基从来宾酒糟酸菜汁中分离筛选具有降胆固醇能力的乳酸菌,通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,同时对其耐酸性、耐胆盐性能进行研究,并以胆固醇去除率为考察指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验对其发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,筛选得1株具有去除胆固醇能力的乳酸菌,编号为XL-02,经鉴定,菌株XL-02为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,其具有较好的耐酸能力和胆盐耐受性。在pH2.0的酸性环境下培养24 h,菌株存活率为3.14%;在胆盐含量为0.3%条件下培养24 h,菌株存活率为12.17%。菌株XL-02去除胆固醇的最优发酵条件为以MRS液体培养基为发酵培养基,初始pH值6.0,接种量4%,发酵温度39 ℃,发酵时间72 h。在此优化条件下,胆固醇去除率为（61.56±0.08）%。     

传统酵素源高效降胆固醇菌株的筛选、鉴定及胆盐水解酶活性分析

目的:从传统酵素中分离出具有高效降胆固醇能力的菌株,并进行鉴定和降脂作用分析。方法:采用MRS、M17和PDA培养基筛选菌株,测定菌株胆盐耐受性、耐酸性、疏水性、自凝聚力、胆盐水解酶活性及降胆固醇能力,分析筛选菌株的降脂作用。结果:分离出51株菌,其中S-8、M-7、M-16菌的降胆固醇性能较好,胆固醇降低率分别为25.43%,37.06%,47.41%,胆盐耐受率分别为42.09%,65.64%,22.80%;S-8菌在二甲苯中疏水率高(35.91%),M-7菌在氯仿中的疏水率高(45.22%),这2株菌均具有较好的耐酸性和自凝聚力,静置24 h后,自凝聚力均在80%以上。测定S-8、M-7、M-16菌的降脂酶活力,发现降脂酶主要源于胞内酶,胞内酶的比活力是胞外酶的近7倍。结论:筛选获得3株具有高效降胆固醇能力的菌株,经形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为副干酪乳杆菌和人葡萄球菌。本研究为进一步探明微生物对脂代谢的影响提供了试验依据。     

降胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选及其益生元干预生长作用分析

本研究从传统自然发酵的酵素饮品中分离筛选出一株高效降胆固醇菌株,该菌株具有较好的胆盐耐受性和耐酸能力。在pH3的酸性环境下,耐酸率为71.53%,该菌株能够长时间耐受胆盐环境,培养16h的胆盐耐受率为42.09%。以二甲苯为吸附剂,疏水率为35.91%,有较好的黏附特性;益生元不仅能够促进菌株生长,而且可显著提高降胆固醇能力。4种益生元中乳果糖促进生物量增加幅度最大,培养至16 h时生物量达到最高。乳果糖对菌株产酸性能影响最显著,pH值可降至3.56,胆固醇去除率达41.10%。该菌株对菊粉的利用率低,说明菌株对不同益生元具有选择性代谢。菌株经形态学观察和16S rDNA鉴定为副干酪乳杆菌,并命名为Lactobacillus paracasei S0940。本研究为进一步研究体内降脂能力以及开发功能性乳酸菌食品提供理论依据。     

降胆固醇益生乳酸菌的体外筛选

从传统发酵制品中筛选出6株降胆固醇的乳酸菌并在体外测定了降胆固醇的能力,其中菌株GL-10和LBA-11高达45%;同时测试了这些菌株的耐酸和耐胆盐性、细胞黏附、抑菌性的益生特性。结果表明,菌株GL-A-11,GL-11,ZPC-15能在pH值为2蒸馏水下存活1 h;GL-10,GL-A,ZPC-13能在质量分数为2%的胆盐混合液中存活12 h;GL-10对人结肠腺癌细胞系HT-29细胞黏附性最强,达4.8个/细胞,其次是菌株GL-A,ZPC-13,GL-11为3.7个/细胞左右,所有菌株对常见致病菌都有明显抑制作用。从中选择出乳酸菌GL-A作为今后益生菌制剂和功能性乳制品开发的潜在菌种。     

人源乳酸菌耐酸耐胆盐能力及降胆固醇作用研究

利用选择性培养基、人工胃液及含胆盐培养基,从如皋长寿地区的人群肠道中分离筛选出耐酸耐胆盐能力较强的乳酸菌,并研究其降胆固醇能力及方式。结果表明,分离筛选的60株乳酸菌在pH 3.0的人工胃液中存活率均30%;来源于中年组、老年组及长寿组的乳酸菌存活率分别为69%,71%,70%,均显著高于青少年组(P0.05);在0.3%及0.5%胆盐培养基中的存活率均20%,老年组及长寿组的乳酸菌在0.3%胆盐培养基中的存活率分别为53.85%,55.26%,均显著高于青少年组和中年组(P0.05);来源于长寿组的乳酸菌降胆固醇能力显著高于中年组(P0.05),其中,乳杆菌属与魏斯氏菌属的胆固醇降解率显著高于肠球菌属(P0.05),其降胆固醇的主要方式为细胞吸收和共沉淀。来源于长寿地区人群的乳酸菌耐酸耐胆盐能力及降胆固醇能力较强,其中长寿组的乳酸菌要高于其他年龄组。     

一株高效降解胆固醇乳酸菌的筛选鉴定及其益生潜能初探

从新鲜牛粪中分离出的5株乳酸菌中筛选得到一株具有高效降胆固醇能力的乳酸菌,其体外胆固醇脱出率达到50.83%。经API50CHL系统及16S rRNA序列比对鉴定为发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentum,命名为发酵乳杆菌DF-4。模拟胃液中的低pH和小肠中的胆汁盐浓度进行了耐受性试验,结果表明该菌株具有较强的耐酸和耐胆盐的性能,对致病大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有显著抑制作用,是一株具有开发前景的高效降胆固醇的益生菌。     

Isolation,Composition, Structure,Properties, Modifications,and Uses of Yam Starch

Starch is the major carbohydrate in yam tubers and can amount up to 80% of the dry matter. The starch quality determines the quality of food and industrial products made from yam tubers. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the isolation, composition, structure, property, modifications, and uses of starches from diverse yam species. Compared with other tuber and root starches, there is a lack of systematic information on the yam starches. This hinders the further development of yams as sustainable crops as well as the value‐added processing of the starches. Therefore, suggestions on how to better understand and utilize these starches are provided.     

Survey of trace elements (Al,As, Cd,Cr, Co,Hg, Mn,Ni, Pb,Se, and Si) in retail samples of flavoured and bottled waters

Concentrations of eleven trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Si) were measured in 39 (natural and flavoured) water samples. Determinations were performed using graphite furnace electrothermetry for almost all elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Si). For Se determination hydride generation was used, and cold vapour generation for Hg. These techniques were coupled to atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trace element content of still or sparkling natural waters changed from brand to brand. Significant differences between natural still and natural sparkling waters (p < 0.001) were only apparent for Mn. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to search for significant differences between flavoured and natural waters. The concentration of each element was compared with the presence of flavours, preservatives, acidifying agents, fruit juice and/or sweeteners, according to the labelled composition. It was shown that flavoured waters generally increase the trace element content. The addition of preservatives and acidifying regulators had a significant influence on Mn, Co, As and Si contents (p < 0.05). Fruit juice can also be correlated to the increase of Co and As. Sweeteners did not provide any significant difference in Mn, Co, Se and Si content.     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines. II. Determination of Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Co, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Ba

Following our study of the mineral contents of some Southern Italian wines, this work reports on the detection of 12 elemental components. The elements were determined using ICP-AES, flame atomic emission or absorption spectroscopy. The values determined for Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Rb, Sr and Ba were within the usual ranges for wines (average values for these elements were: 0.010, 26.2; 94.4; 888; 94.0; 3.30, 0.82 and 0.11 mg/l respectively). All the wines contained low levels of As, the concentrations of which were always under 0.20 mg/l, the maximum level permitted by E.E.C. standards. The measuring of Co, Ag, and Sb led us to ascertain, in all the wines, concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/l for Co and Ag and below the instrumental detection level for Sb (0.06 mg/l). In a previous study wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were analysed by the technique of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), for 14 minerals. This paper deals with further investigation of the mineral composition of the same wines for different metal constituents, analysed by ICP-AES, flame atomic emission, or atomic-absorption spectroscopy (two techniques). The first technique was applied to the detection of Co, As, Sr, Ag, Sb, and Ba. The alkaline metals Li, Na, K, and Rb were determined by flame atomic emission, a technique which possesses better detection limits for these elements. For Mg and Ca the atomic absorption methods were applied.     

卷烟中锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了41个牌号烤烟型卷烟和雪茄烟样品烟丝中的锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量,并按照类型和价位对卷烟中这10种有害元素含量进行了统计分析。结果发现:①卷烟中锂和铜的含量较高,铊的含量很低,铬、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒和钼7种元素的平均含量为0.55～4.42μg/g;②雪茄烟中铬、镍、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅的含量一般高于烤烟型卷烟,而硒元素的含量则相反,但差别较小;烤烟型卷烟中锂和铜的含量与雪茄烟没有显著差异;③高档卷烟中的锂、镍、镉、铊和铬含量较低,而砷、铅的含量较高;不同价位卷烟的铜、硒和钼含量差异不显著。     

Optimization of extraction conditions of total phenolics, antioxidant activities, and anthocyanin of oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic extracts and antioxidant activity and anthocyanins of varieties of the investigated plants. These plants include oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate. The optimum extraction conditions including temperature and solvent of the extraction process itself were investigated. Total phenolic and anthocyanin extracts were examined according to Folin-Ciocalteu assay and Rabino and Mancinelli method, respectively. The effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on extracts of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were studied. Plant samples were evaluated for their antioxidant chemical activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl assay, to determine their potential as a source of natural antioxidant. Results showed that all tested plants exhibited appreciable amounts of phenolic compounds. The methanolic extract (60 °C) of sour pomegranate peel contained the highest phenolic extract (4952.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Terebinth green seed had the lowest phenolic extract (599.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Anthocyanins ranged between 3.5 (terebinth red seed) and 0.2 mg/100 g of dry material (thyme). Significant effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on total phenolics and anthocyanin extracts were found. The methanol and 60 °C of extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting phenolic compounds. The distilled water and 60 °C extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting anthocyanin.     

Varied Composition of Tocochromanols in Different Types of Bran: Rye,Wheat, Oat,Spelt, Buckwheat,Corn, and Rice

The profiles of tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) homologues in 37 samples of seven different types of bran (rye, wheat, oat, spelt, buckwheat, rice, and corn), available on the Polish market, were studied. Tocochromanols were identified and quantified by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatograph/fluorescence detector and reverse phase-ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Only rice bran contained all eight tocochromanol types. Corn bran lacked β-T3; rye, wheat, oat, and spelt bran lacked γ-T3 and δ-T3; and buckwheat bran lacked β-T3, γ-T3, and δ-T3. In buckwheat and corn bran tocopherols predominated (98 and 78%, respectively); whereas rye, wheat, oat, spelt, and rice bran were rich in tocotrienols (78, 76, 66, 87, and 66%, respectively). The average total tocochromanol contents in the oat, corn, spelt, buckwheat, wheat, rye, and rice bran were 5.5, 16.2, 15.8, 14.7, 12.8, 10.7, and 9.1 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively. Tocochromanol concentrations in samples of the same type bran from different sources varied considerably. Better labeling of bran products to reflect this variation would assist with control of vitamin E daily dietary requirements.     

Analysis of cheese for histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophane

A method is described for determining the content of selected biologically active amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine) and amino acids (histidine, tyrosine, tryptophane) in cheeses by high performance liquid chromatography. The amines and amino acids were quantified by employing a counter ion-containing mobile phase and by comparing peak areas of high performance liquid chromatography charts for sample cheeses versus standard cheeses containing known amounts of added amines based on dual injections of samples and standards. Recovery of amines and amino acids varied from 87.5 to 111%. Histamine, which has been associated with food poisoning in concentrations of 185 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese and 180 to 500 mg/100 g in fish, was found in concentrations above 500 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese. The high performance liquid chromatography analytical method should be useful for screening to detect cheese samples containing toxic amounts of histamine and for research studies designed to determine the cause and effect relationships for histamine production in cheese.     

Physicochemical,morphological, thermal,pasting, and textural properties of starch acetates

Acetylated starches are a commercially important group of modified starch known for their reduced retrogradation tendency, high clarity, low viscosity, high swelling power, and lower gelatinization temperature and time. Due to these remarkable properties, acetylation is a commonly used chemical modification for preparing stabilized starches. This review summarizes the methods used for preparation of starch acetates and corresponding effects of acetylation on morphological, thermal, pasting, digestibility, textural, and other functional characteristics of starches isolated from various botanical sources. Starch acetates are also useful as packaging material, as wall material for encapsulating active ingredients, and to improve the storage stability of different products.     

鲁浙粤豫苏冀六省造纸工业近年发展特点之比较

对我国6省造纸工业具有不同地方特色的四种发展模式及前景进行了分析和预测。