原子吸收光谱法测定八角叶中八种元素含量

采用硝酸-高氯酸法消解八角叶样品,应用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的金属元素Ca,Mg,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn等8种金属的含童.结果表明:在这8种元素中,含童最高的金属元素为Ca,达4700 μg·g-1;最低为Co,仅1μg·g-1.     

原子吸收法测定海带微量元素的含量

用灰化法溶解试样,配制混合标准系列溶液,采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定海带中11种微量元素含量。建立了优化的仪器测试条件,方法简便、准确。结果表明,干海带中含Ca、Mg、K为1.65～62.31mg/g;Sr为185.9μg/g;Fe为529.3μg/g;Ni、Cu、Mn、Zn为16.28～52.48μg/g;Cd为0.93μg/g;Pb为1.35μg/g,结果满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定干姜中13种金属元素

采用硝酸-高氯酸法消化干姜样品,应用火焰原子吸收法测定干姜中的K、Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn,Cd,Cr和Pb等13种金属元素的含量。结果表明:在这13种元素中,除Cr未检出外,含量比较高的依次是K,Ca,Na,Mg,Mn,Fe,其中最高为K,达20100μg.g-1;最低为Cd,仅0.53μg.g-1。     

海刺参中微量元素的光谱测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对海刺参中Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Cr、Co10种微量元素含量进行测定分析。采用HNO3＋H2SO4（5：1）混酸作消化液处理样品,各元素在试验范围内,加标回收率和精密度较好,加标回收率为93．8％。106．3％,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5％。结果表明：海刺参中人体所需的微量元素含量丰富,海刺参中微量元素含量表现为Na〉Ca〉Zn〉K〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉Cu〉C0〉Cr。     

不同来源氨基脲在刺参体内的富集和消除规律研究

目的分析刺参中低浓度氨基脲的残留分布特征,明确不同来源引起的低浓度氨基脲的变化趋势。方法采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对不同来源氨基脲在刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)体内的富集和消除规律进行研究。结果非呋喃西林源氨基脲, 1 d后氨基脲在刺参体壁的含量为0.57μg/kg,之后含量逐渐上升,到3d时含量度达到最大值1.00μg/kg。富集实验共持续3d,按天计算平均富集速率,分别为0.57、0.24、0.19μg/(kg·d),第140 d时体壁未检出,平均消除速率为0.0073μg/(kg·d);呋喃西林源氨基脲, 1 d后体壁的含量为0.52μg/kg,之后含量逐渐上升,到3 d时,含量达到最大1.00μg/kg。富集实验共持续3 d,按天计算平均富集速率,分别为0.52、0.26、0.22μg/(kg·d),第160 d时体壁未检出,平均消除速率为0.0064μg/(kg·d)。跟踪监测至180 d时,非呋喃西林源氨基脲和呋喃西林源氨基脲在刺参体壁内均未检出,半衰期分别为1045.7 h和1224.2 h,呋喃西林源大于非呋喃西林源。内脏的富集和消除速率相对较快,但内脏中氨基脲残留量大于体壁,所以降至未检出所需时间更长。结论在投喂过呋喃西林或暴露于一定浓度氨基脲的刺参,需经较长时间净化后才能降至未检出。     

ICP - MS/ICP - AES法测定八角叶中的24种无机元素

八角是我国南方重要的经济树种,八角叶常用于生产八角茴香油及烹调佐料,本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱、发射光谱(ICP - MS/ICP - AES)法同时测定八角叶中的Mg、Al、Ca、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Cd、Pb等24种元素,方法的准确度用国家一级标准物质GBW10015对比分析证实,结果表明该法快速简便、准确率高、精密度试验RSD在0.5％～7％之间,可以完全可以满足八角叶样品中无机元素测定要求.测定结果显示八角叶中含有较丰富的人体必需的宏量与微量元素,在所测定的24种元素中,含量最高为Al达8400μg·g-1,其后依次为K(7300μg·g-1)、Mg(3200μg·g-1)、Ca(3100μg·g-1)、P(1000μg·g-1)、Mn(728μg· g-1)、而Tl最少,仅0.011μg·g-1.     

响应面法优化刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)中金刚烷胺检测

目的利用响应面分析法优化刺参中金刚烷胺的检测。方法在单因素基础上,确定采用1%乙酸乙腈作为提取溶剂,以1%乙酸乙腈的添加量、超声时间、PSA吸附剂的添加量、C_(18)吸附剂的添加量为影响因素,以金刚烷胺的回收率为响应值,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理对刺参中金刚烷胺提取条件进行响应面分析,优化前处理条件。结果1%乙酸乙腈为15 mL,超声提取10 min, PSA吸附剂为250 mg时刺参中金刚烷胺的回收率最大。在此优化条件下进行验证性试验,测得金刚烷胺的回收率为118%,与预测值相对误差为9.62%。实际检测刺参样品20个,2个样品检出,分别为4.3、1.6μg/kg。结论该优化前处理方法具有良好的可行性。     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)中13种三嗪类除草剂残留情况及风险评估

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)分析了刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)3种三嗪类除草剂的残留水平,并采用食品安全状态指数和危害残留物的风险系数评估了其潜在风险。在采集的57个样品中,阿特拉津、扑草净和莠灭净均有不同程度的检出,其余10种除草剂均未检出,其中检出率最高的为扑草净(77.2%),其次为阿特拉津(15.8%)和莠灭净(8.77%);最高检出浓度分别为阿特拉津(0.84μg/kg)、扑草净(54.4μg/kg)和莠灭净(0.69μg/kg)。依照所建立的方法对采集的刺参样品中三嗪类除草剂的残留量采用安全指数法进行评估,表明在所采样月份中,13种三嗪类除草剂残留对刺参安全没有影响。在所采样的6个城市中,其安全指数均小于1,说明刺参安全状态很好,除草剂对刺参安全没有影响。阿特拉津、扑草净和莠灭净的风险系数依次为0.2、0.38和0.2,均小于1.5,表明上述3种物质均为低度风险。从风险系数来看,本研究进一步确定所采样的6城市的刺参在除草剂残留方面是低风险的,是安全的。     

超高效液相色谱法快速测定茶多酚中儿茶素类化合物的含量

目的:建立快速测定茶多酚中儿茶素类化合物含量的方法。方法:采用超高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(2.1×50 mm,1.8μm),流动相为甲醇-1%醋酸,梯度洗脱,检测波长为276 nm。结果:GA、GC、C、EGC、CAF、EGCG、EC、GCG、ECG进样量分别在0.007μg-0.108μg(r=0.99995)、0.016μg-0.126μg(r=0.99995)、0.009μg-0.131μg(r=0.99992)、0.019μg-0.149μg(r=0.99998)、0.002μg-0.028μg(r=0.99995)、0.052μg-0.261μg(r=0.99993)、0.013μg-0.104μg(r=0.99995)、0.015μg-0.120μg(r=0.99998)、0.016μg-0.128μg(r=0.99991)范围内呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率为96.81-99.12%(n=3),RSD为0.12%-1.91%。结论:本法简单快速,精密度好,结果准确可靠,可用于茶多酚中儿茶素类化合物含量的快速测定。     

ICP法测定肉桂中无机元素的研究

文章以ICP-MS/ ICP-AES法联合测定肉桂中的24个无机元素,方法的准确性用国家一级标准物质GBW 10020对比分析证实.检测结果显示,该方法检出限低,分析速度快,准确可靠.在测定的24种元素中,含量最高为Ca达6500μg·g-1,其次为K(1600μg·g-1),Mn(689.8μg·g-1),Mg(570μg·g-1),而Be最少,仅0.004μg·B-1.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.