共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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对超声辅助溶剂法提取烟草精油粗提物的工艺进行研究。以烟草精油粗提物得率为指标,考察超声时间、超声功率、料液比、浸泡时间4个因素及其交互作用对超声辅助溶剂法提取烟草精油粗提物得率的影响以及最佳工艺条件。实验结果显示,超声功率是影响烟草精油粗提物得率的最主要因素,其次是料液比、超声功率和超声时间的交互作用,而超声时间及浸泡时间和超声时间的交互作用对得率几乎没有影响。超声辅助溶剂法提取烟草精油粗提物的最佳工艺条件是浸泡时间20min,超声功率70W,超声时间50min,料液比(g/mL)1:6,在此条件下烟草精油粗提物平均得率可达到3.863%。用GC-MS技术进行成分鉴定,共分离鉴定出47种化学成分,其中烟碱含量25.41%、新植二烯含量38.55%、寸拜醇含量13.82%。 相似文献
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烟草绿原酸、芸香苷、烟碱和茄尼醇的提取技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为实现烟草中绿原酸、芸香苷、茄尼醇和烟碱的高效利用,探索了利用有机溶剂从烟草中同时提取绿原酸、芸香苷、茄尼醇和烟碱的实验条件。结果表明,以超声波为辅助手段,烟末样品在料液比1:10,提取温度40 ℃,依次以80%、95%、80%的乙醇溶液或80%、80%、95%乙醇溶液组合为提取溶剂提取3次,提取时间依次为20、10、10 min的条件下,烟草绿原酸、芸香苷、烟碱、茄尼醇的提取率均达99.75%以上,该方法适用于烟草中绿原酸、芸香苷、茄尼醇和烟碱的综合提取。 相似文献
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连续带渣浸提法提取天然烟碱 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用边续带渣浸提法从烟草中获取烟碱,通过研究烟碱在溶剂相、水相和烟叶渣之间的分配特征,确立了浸提过程听关键控制因素。在控制烟叶初始含水量30%~50%、原料超声波处理、调整无机碱添加量为烟叶量的3%~5%等的基础上,将烟叶浸泡和液液萃取两步同时进行。确定萃取时间、级数、溶剂比后,在日处理20kg烟叶的中试装置进行4级边续逆流放大实验,平均萃取率超过90%。整个过程基本无废水排放,工艺过程缩短。采用富含正已烷的6号溶剂油也是本工艺的一大特点,萃取效果好,毒性低,操作实现了连续化。 相似文献
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超临界萃取技术在烟草成分分离中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了超临界CO2萃取技术在烟草脱烟碱、提取香味成分及烟草分析中的应用,介绍了夹带剂在烟草超临界萃取中的应用,指出寻找合适的夹带剂是研究超临界萃取烟草有效成分的一个主要发展方向. 相似文献
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烟碱是烟叶和烟气中重要的具有生理活性的化学成分,大幅度降低烟碱含量对烟叶化学组成和感官质量会产生显著影响。目前虽然可通过遗传育种、遗传工程、农艺调控和化学萃取等途径在一定程度上实现低/超低烟碱含量烟叶生产,但能否大规模投入使用尚存在不确定性。本文针对烟碱管控这一国际烟草界热点问题,围绕低烟碱烟叶生产途径和特点,低烟碱烟叶化学成分和烟叶质量变化等进行了全面综述,并对低烟碱烟叶生产和应用的可行性和局限性进行了分析和展望。 相似文献
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用气相色谱/热能分析仪同时测定挥发性亚硝胺和烟草特有亚硝胺 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
N-亚硝胺很容易在食品、饮料、化妆品、药物、卷烟烟气、各种消费品、甚至在人的胃中形成,已经发现有许多亚硝胺具有致癌性。本项研究开发了一种用气相色谱/热能分析仪同时测定烟草和烟气中的挥发性亚硝胺(VNA)和烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNA)的方法。文章详细介绍了从烟草中萃取亚硝胺的实验条件,讨论了从主流烟气和支流烟气中收集亚硝胺的方法。采用本方法,可在同一张GC/TEA色谱图上分离得到烟草中所有的13种亚硝胺。该方法具有灵敏度和准确度高,重复性好的特点。另外,文中还讨论了添加同位素硝酸盐和烟碱对主流烟气中TSNA含量的影响。此方法也可用于尿液和环境烟气中VNA和TSNA的分析。实验发现吸烟者与非吸烟者尿液中VNA的浓度差异很小,而TSNA的浓度很低,几乎可以忽略。室内空气中的VNA浓度为1~8ng/m,TSNA浓度太低,几乎检测不到。这一结果提示,环境烟气与癌症的关系应当重新考虑。 相似文献
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Le Wen Zhihang Zhang Saravana Periaswamy Sivagnanam Brijesh K. Tiwari 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2020,60(11):1826-1841
AbstractWith the growing consumer demands for greener alternatives that do not involve toxic chemicals as well as the industry concerns of sustainable, nontoxic routes of extraction, the applications of novel extraction technologies in the food industry have been widely studied. This review discussed the novel extraction technologies including their mechanisms, protocols, influencing factors, advantages and drawbacks, as well as a comprehensive summary of the combination of the novel extraction technologies for phyto-bioactive compounds. Novel extraction methods, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), are considered as clean, green and efficient alternative to conventional extraction technologies. Their combinations, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE), microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MAEE) and ultrasonic microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), can exhibit higher potential extraction ability. However, some of them need specific equipment. The food industry in the extraction sector should choose a proper extraction method which has a balance between product quality, process efficiency, production costs and environmentally friendly processes. The current review presented comprehensive references for future research on the novel extraction of phyto-bioactive compounds extraction.
- Highlights
Novel clean, green and efficient alternative to conventional extraction technologies are discussed.
Combination of the novel extraction technologies for synergistic effects.
Minimal degradation and enhanced extraction yields.
Extraction mechanisms, advantages and drawbacks associated with novel extraction technologies.
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综述了超声波萃取技术在烟草成分分离中的应用研究情况.超声波萃取技术具有的快速、价廉、安全、高效等特点,已广泛应用于烟草成分中烟碱、茄尼醇、绿原酸、酚类物质、类胡萝卜素等有机成分及矿物元素、微量元素、农药残留的分离.烟草样品的浸泡时间、超声波强度、超声波频率、提取时间等,对超声波萃取技术提取烟草成分均有重要影响,但对其影响程度目前还不很清楚,尚有待今后深入研究. 相似文献
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烟草中游离烟碱与其pH值之间的关系 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:11
研究了烟草中游离烟碱的萃取条件 ,确定了采用水、三氯甲烷依次萃取和气相色谱分析烟草中游离烟碱含量的方法 ,烟碱的回收率为 95 .1%~ 99.8% ,方法的RSD为 1.2 1%~ 1.70 %。同时 ,还考察了烟草总烟碱及其pH值测定方法的准确性 ,采用这些方法测定了 4 7种商品卷烟的游离烟碱、总烟碱和pH值 ,并进行了相关分析。结果表明 ,游离烟碱、游离烟碱与总烟碱的比值和pH值都呈显著的正相关关系 ,游离烟碱和总烟碱、总烟碱和pH值均无相关性 相似文献
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The role of melanin in nicotine uptake and metabolism has received little attention. Because nicotine has been shown to accumulate in tissues containing melanin, exploring links between melanin and nicotine may provide additional clues to understanding smoking behavior and disease effects. To examine the scientific literature on the relationship between melanin and nicotine, we conducted a PubMed search. We also searched online archives of internal tobacco industry documents. We retrieved and reviewed 82 published research papers related to melanin and nicotine or melanin and metabolism of other drugs, and 150 relevant internal tobacco industry documents. The published literature suggests that nicotine may accumulate in human tissues containing melanin and this retention may increase melanin synthesis. Existing research on the relationship between melanin and nicotine lacks an adequate consideration of this relationship's potential impact, if any, on nicotine metabolism, level of nicotine dependence, and ability to quit smoking. Differential accumulation of nicotine in melanin-containing tissues could have implications for individuals with high levels of melanin. 相似文献