蛋白水解物苦味形成、评价及功能活性的研究进展

蛋白水解物具有良好的功能特性和健康益处,但水解物的苦味制约了其在食品工业的应用。本文论述了蛋白水解物苦味形成的机理,重点探讨了针对蛋白水解物苦味评价的研究方法进展,并对蛋白水解物中苦味肽的生物活性进行了综述。本文还简介了计算机模拟技术和肽数据库在苦味肽研究领域的应用,这一技术结合传统苦味肽的研究能够在分子水平更深入的理解苦味肽结构和苦味的关系。随着对苦味肽的深入认识,蛋白水解物这一功能性配料将展现出广泛的应用前景。     

干酪苦味肽及减少其积累的研究进展

干酪苦味的形成与其成熟过程中酪蛋白的不恰当降解所产生的苦味肽关系密切.干酪中苦味肽的积累超过一定阈值之后,干酪将产生苦味,影响消费者的接收与市场前景,因此,备受众多关注.就干酪苦味肽的形成、特点及其减少干酪苦味肽积累的方法进行综述,以期为全面了解干酪成熟过程中蛋白质降解和寻求抑制干酪苦味的方法提供参考.     

蛋白质酶解物苦味形成机理及控制研究

蛋白质酶解后产生不同程度苦味主要是由产物中含疏水性氨基酸低分子肽所形成,这些苦味严重影响蛋白质水解产物在食品工业中应用。该文综述不同食物蛋白质酶解物中苦味肽形成机理及蛋白质酶解物苦味的降低、去除及控制方法研究最新进展,主要包括选择性分离、苦味掩盖、酶法及微生物脱苦等。     

苦味肽抗氧化活性延长食品保鲜

目的探究苦味肽延长食品保鲜的抗氧化活性。方法研究乳胶珠吞噬细胞的吞噬能力的变化,以此来分析苦味肽的免疫功能。通过2, 2, 1-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼(DPPH)自由基清除、还原力以及金属螯合活性测定来评定苦味肽的抗氧化能力。在保鲜测试中、分析苦味肽对总羰基和巯基的影响来探究苦味肽对冷藏期间的样品组织是否具有抗氧化作用。最后再通过对样品使用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)来进一步分析苦味肽对肌肉蛋白质在整个氧化过程中结构稳定性的影响。结果苦味肽会增加吞噬细胞吞噬乳胶珠,表明苦味肽增加非特异性免疫功能;苦味肽具有显著的DPPH自由基清除活性,降低了铁离子的氧化能力和金属螯合能力;扫描电镜结果显示,在苦味肽处理的样品上组织结构的变形较小并且蛋白质的降解较少,而对照组(仅水处理)的样品明显可以观察到其肌肉蛋白失去了原有的有序结构。结论冷藏前用苦味肽处理去皮虾样品能有效减少羰基衍生物和自由巯基的形成,冷藏期间有助于样品的肌原纤维蛋白结构的稳定,表明苦味肽也有益于海洋食物的保鲜。     

苦味肽和苦味受体研究进展

苦味肽是通常在发酵、老化及水解食品中产生的寡聚肽。人类通过一种包含25种苦味受体的T2Rs苦味受体组感受苦味肽的苦味。文章综述了酶法水解获得的苦味肽的氨基酸序列结构特征。通过对苦味受体的胞外结构域的结构特征及T2Rs基因的单核苷酸多态性的研究有助于理解苦味感知的机制,为开发具有生理活性功能的苦味肽提供依据,同时介绍了苦味抑制研究的进展。     

大豆蛋白水解物苦味评价方法

目的:研究大豆蛋白水解物的苦味程度,寻找苦味评价方法.方法:采用感官评价和电子舌分析大豆蛋白水解物的苦味程度;采用高效液相色谱法分析游离氨基酸含量和肽分子质量分布;采用偏最小二乘回归分析(partial least squares regression,PLSR)研究游离氨基酸含量、感官苦味强度以及电子舌苦味响应值评价...     

苦味肽的形成及脱苦方法的研究

蛋白质水解后其溶解性、热稳定性以及营养特性得到了改善，但同时却形成了大量的苦味肽。本文综述了苦味肽的形成、影响苦味的主要因素及主要的脱苦方法。     

苦味机理及苦味物质的研究概况

苦味是一种分布广泛、阈值极低的味感,而消费者往往拒食苦味食物,但苦味物质在食品风味和生理调节方面具有重要作用。简要论述了苦味呈味机理、几种苦味物质的功能特性以及苦味抑制剂方面的研究进展。     

蛋白短肽苦味成因与脱苦技术研究进展

蛋白短肽具有多种加工和功能特性,但其苦味限制了其在食品工业中的应用.本文论述了蛋白短肽苦味的构效关系,阐释了制备工艺对蛋白短肽苦味的影响,简介了苦味的评价方法,重点对蛋白短肽的物理方法与酶法脱苦技术进展进行了综述,并对目前存在问题的解决作了初步探讨,对开发应用前景加以展望.     

苦味机理与苦味抑制技术研究概况

苦味是一种分布广泛的味感，苦味物质在食品风味和生理调节方面具有重要作用，但苦味的高感知力是消费者拒食苦味食物的根本原因。文章简要论述苦味呈味机理、苦味物质特性及苦味抑制技术方面的研究进展。     

Formation of bitter peptides in cheese and from casein]

Whereas a slightly bitter taste is desirable in certain foods, it is an off-flavour in cheese which may even lead to unfitness for consumption. Bitter principles from cheese have been found to be peptides with molecular weights ranging from 2000 to 3000. For the purpose of further characterization, bitter peptides were isolated from enzymatic casein hydrolysates as well as from bitter cheese and purified. 30 proteases from different origins proved to be able to form peptides with bitter taste of varying intensity from casein. Present experience shows that the formation of bitter peptides during casein hydrolysis can be inhibited only to a very small measure. Bitter peptides are extrmely resistant to proteases, which is probably attributable to their high contents of hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophobic bonds. The detection of only N- or C-terminal amino acid in each of 11 different bitter peptides shows that peptide chains are present and not cyclic peptides as repeatedly assumed. It must be aimed at avoiding the cheese defect "bitter" by using appropriate starter cultures and rennet substitutes as little disposed as possible to produce bitter peptides.     

The role of sour and bitter perception in liking,familiarity and choice for phenol-rich plant-based foods

Among factors influencing food preferences and choices, individual differences in taste perception play a key role in defining eating behaviour. In particular, sour and bitter responsiveness could be associated with the acceptance and the consumption of phenol-rich plant-based foods recommended for a healthy diet. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a large population sample, the associations among sour and bitter responsiveness and liking, familiarity and choice for plant-based foods characterized by these target tastes. Adults aged 18 to 60 years (n = 1198; 58% women) were tested for their sour and bitter responsiveness both in water solutions and in food models (pear juice-based beverages modified in citric acid content to induce different levels of sourness: 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g/kg; chocolate pudding samples modified in sucrose content to induce different levels of bitterness: 38, 83, 119, 233 g/kg). Familiarity, stated liking and choice for fruit juices and vegetables varying for sour/bitter taste (high in bitter/sour taste: e.g. grapefruit juice and cauliflower; low in bitter/sour taste: e.g. zucchini and pineapple juice) were measured. Results showed a significant positive correlation between bitter and sour taste perception in water solutions and model foods, as well as a positive correlation between the perceived intensity of the two taste stimuli. Subjects characterized by high responsiveness to the two target stimuli were found to give lower liking scores to foods characterized by sour/bitter tastes and tended to choose less sour/bitter foods compared to less responsive subjects.Thus, food choice for phenol rich plant-based products could be associated with a reduced responsiveness to bitter and sour tastes and a consequent higher acceptance of food products characterized by these taste qualities.     

Modelling relationship between angiotensin-(I)-converting enzyme inhibition and the bitter taste of peptides

Relationships between angiotensin-(I)-converting enzyme inhibition and the bitter taste of peptides were studied. In cases where ACE inhibition or bitter taste had not been experimentally determined, their activity was estimated using several different peptide quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models. Significant correlations between increased ACE inhibition and bitterness were found for dipeptides using both observed and QSAR-predicted values. The relationship between ACE inhibition and bitter taste was attributed to the importance of hydrophobicity for both properties. Limited structural variations for dipeptides could make it difficult to have features that limit the effect of C-terminal hydrophobicity, necessary for ACE inhibition, on bitter taste. A similar modelling approach was also done on data from observed bitter oligopeptides derived from milk proteins. The relationship between QSAR-predicted ACE inhibition and observed bitter taste was not as strong as that found for dipeptides. Larger structural variation possibilities for oligopeptides than for dipeptides may thus make it, more feasible to find a highly efficient ACE inhibitory oligopeptide with a negligible bitter taste than a dipeptide.     

How are bitter and sweet tastes related?

Sweet taste and bitter taste are both apparently mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors. In this review article, connections between bitter taste and sweet taste are examined. In addition, several ways in which sweet taste may be more effectively used to mask bitter taste are discussed.     

食品中的呈味肽及其呈味机理研究进展

呈味肽因其不同链长度和结构序列具有不同的滋味特征,包括甜味、苦味、酸味、咸味和鲜味。目前国内对于呈味肽的研究主要集中在其种类和数量的发掘阶段,关于呈味肽与味觉感受器相互作用而呈味的机理还不是十分清晰;而国外对于呈味肽的降血压、降血糖等生物活性功能以及5类呈味肽的相应呈味机理研究有相关新报道。本文阐述了食品中的呈味肽以及其在食品中的作用,并综述了其呈味机理的研究新进展,以期为食品风味研究及调味品的开发提供参考依据。     

蛋白质水解物与苦味的构效关系及脱苦研究

蛋白质水解物具有多种生理活性,但呈苦味限制了其在食品工业中的应用.本文论述了蛋白质水解物与苦味的构效关系,简介了苦味的评价方法,并对蛋白质水解物的脱苦方法研究进展进行了综述,包括有选择分离法、掩盖法、酶法及联合脱苦法等.