从头发中提取L-精氨酸的研究

对头发中提取L-精氨酸的工艺条件进行了研究,考察了头发水解条件、沉淀剂的种类及用量、pH值、氯离子浓度、温度等因素对L-精氨酸提取率的影响.实验结果表明:在pH值为10,温度为0℃,氯离子浓度为2.1moi/L,2mL苯甲醛作沉淀剂的条件下,15 g头发中L-精氧威的提取率为13.2％.     

连续离子交换法分离发酵液中的L-精氨酸

相比传统的固定床离子交换提取工艺,连续离子交换工艺分离发酵液中L-精氨酸具有连续、稳定、高效等优点。钝齿棒杆菌是1株具有自有知识产权的高产L-精氨酸工业用菌株,产量达74.5 g/L。该研究通过静态吸附及解吸实验,筛选得到最优树脂D155,可在30 min内达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量达121.31 mg/g。通过固定床实验,确定了最佳进料流速为6 mL/min,穿透时间为29 min,半饱和时间为59 min,饱和时间86 min,穿透吸附容量为134.7 mg/g,半饱和吸附容量为193.8 mg/g,饱和吸附容量为261.2 mg/g,为最佳洗脱剂为2 mol/L的氨水,洗脱率为97.14%。通过30柱连续离子交换实验,确定了交换区、交换后水洗区、洗脱区、洗脱后水洗区、顶水区最佳进料流速分别为6、6、5、10、3 mL/min。在各区最佳进料流速下,各出口浓度呈周期性变化。该工艺提高了L-精氨酸分离工艺的连续性、稳定性及分离效率,有效地降低了分离过程中的耗水量、耗碱量及劳动力投入,为发酵生产L-精氨酸提供了更科学有效的分离工艺。     

糖用活性炭吸附L-组氨酸的特性研究

研究了活性炭用量、pH、吸附平衡时间、吸附温度等因素对活性炭吸附L-组氨酸的影响。实验结果表明,活性炭吸附L-组氨酸达到吸附平衡的时间大约是80min;L-组氨酸的吸附率随着活性炭用量的增加而增大,吸附量则随着活性炭用量的增加先快速下降后又略有回升,当活性炭用量为10%(质量分数)时,吸附量达到最低点;吸附量随着溶液pH的上升呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在L-组氨酸的等电点附近,吸附量达到最大值,在pH大于12时,活性炭几乎不吸附L-组氨酸;吸附量随着温度的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当温度到达70℃左右时,吸附量达到最高点。     

球形木质素吸附剂吸附L-赖氨酸的性能研究

以硫酸盐木质索为原料,利用反相悬浮技术制备出球形木质素吸附剂,然后利用球形木质素吸附荆吸附L-赖氨酸,并进行吸附条件的优选实验.实验结果表明:吸附效果取决于吸附质溶液pH值、吸附质初始质量浓度、吸附时问、吸附温度以及无机盐盐浓度等.当吸附质溶液pH值为9.0时,吸附质初始质量浓度为300 mg/L,吸附时阃为120 min.吸附温度为25℃时球形木质素吸附剂的平衡吸附容量可达60.0 mg/g.此外,氯化铵对球形木质素吸附剂吸附容量的影响大于氯化钠,而且随着盐浓度的增大.吸附容量从60.0 mg/g降至2.6 mg/g.同时进行了解吸再牛和对比实验,发现用1.5 mol/L的氨水解吸时,解吸率可达93.3%.     

硒化复合L-氨基酸制备工艺研究

以豆粕为原料,利用酶水解工艺制备复合L-氨基酸,将复合L-氨基酸与亚硒酸钠螯合制备硒化复合L-氨基酸。结果表明,豆粕酶解的最佳工艺条件为：固液比1：25、pH8．5、加酶量10％胰蛋白酶与8％木瓜蛋白酶、酶解时间均为4h,所得豆粕水解率为39．61％。复合L-氨基酸与亚硒酸钠螯合的最佳工艺条件为：温度80℃、pH9．0、摩尔配比2：1、时间2h。此条件下螯合率为43．28％,经红外光谱分析复合L-氨基酸与亚硒酸钠之间存在螯合作用。     

以贝壳粉为钙源的复合氨基酸螯合钙制备工艺优化

以废弃贝壳制得贝壳粉作为钙源,采用水体系合成法同时制备L-组氨酸和L-精氨酸复合氨基酸螯合钙,以螯合率为指标,设计单因素试验与正交试验,考察复合氨基酸与贝壳粉的摩尔比、pH值、反应温度、反应时间等因素对螯合率的影响。结果显示最佳螯合条件：复合氨基酸-贝壳粉摩尔比为1∶1,反应时间为60 min,反应温度为50℃,溶液pH值为9,在此条件下得到的复合氨基酸螯合钙螯合率最高。为废弃贝壳粉的高附加值利用和复合氨基酸螯合钙的制备工艺提供新思路。     

HPD-400大孔吸附树脂分离纯化栀子黄色素的研究

文章研究了吸附树脂法精制栀子黄色素的工艺条件.实验结果表明:大孔树脂HPD-400比较适合吸附和分离栀子黄色素,其吸附率为96.88％,pH对吸附率的影响不大,在25℃温度条件下,以适宜的乙醇浓度和速度洗脱,得到的栀子黄色素色价＞400,OD值＜0.4.     

改性玉米芯对直接大红4BS吸附性能研究

用柠檬酸对玉米芯进行预处理,研究改性玉米芯在不同条件下对直接大红4BS的吸附性能.结果发现:温度、时间、pH、染料初始质量浓度、无机盐NaCl和吸附剂用量等因素对吸附效果均有影响.改性玉米芯吸附50 mL 50 mg/L直接大红4BS的最佳条件为:吸附剂用量1.0 g,吸附时间为210 min,pH=2,吸附温度70℃,在此条件下吸附率可达99%.     

填充床反应器中固定化假单胞菌细胞连续制备L-瓜氨酸

对实验室筛选的产精氨酸脱亚胺酶的假单胞菌( Pseudomonas sp.)进行了固定化,以及对固定化细胞转化L-精氨酸生产L-瓜氨酸进行了研究.比较4种不同固定化方法,确定卡拉胶包埋结合戊二醛后处理为假单胞菌的细胞固定化方法.固定化反应的最适pH值为6.5,细胞固定化后细胞精氨酸脱亚胺酶的热稳定性增加.在50 mm×240 mm固定填充床反应器中,底物浓度为0.5 mol/L L-精氨酸盐酸盐,pH值6.5,温度37 ℃,稀释速率为0.147/h的条件下,连续运转54 d,固定化细胞对底物的摩尔转化率在95%以上,平均生产强度 0.010 8 g/(h*g)(每单位质量的固定化细胞每小时生产的瓜氨酸质量).转化液经732阳离子树脂吸附,氨水洗脱,及浓缩、结晶,得到纯度为99%的L-瓜氨酸晶体,提取总收率约为87%.     

L-鸟氨酸的细胞转化制备及在卷烟中的应用

利用工程菌中的精氨酸酶转化制备L-鸟氨酸。分析了pH、温度、金属离子、底物浓度等因素对L-鸟氨酸产量的影响。试验结果得出最佳工艺为:pH 10,温度40℃,Mn2+添加量5 mmol/L及L-精氨酸浓度50 g/L,L-鸟氨酸的产量达35.1 g/L,在优化条件下细胞可连续使用4次,且产量稳定。在卷烟中的应用初步研究结果表明:当其用量为0.03%时综合效果最好。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.