不同复配乳化剂合成乳液对汽车工业滤纸强度性能的影响

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯为主要单体,设计多种复配乳化剂方案,通过单体预乳化、半连续乳液聚合法合成苯丙乳液,用作汽车发动机空气滤清器滤纸浸渍树脂.研究了多种复配乳化剂合成苯丙乳液浸渍对汽车工业滤纸抗张强度、耐破度及挺度的影响,筛选出对滤纸强度性能作用效果良好的复配乳化剂.结果表明,合成乳液浸渍对提高汽车工业滤纸抗张强度、挺度及耐破度作用显著,OP-10/FR-1、OR-2/DSB、FOR-3/RE-610复配乳化剂乳液浸渍的汽车工业滤纸抗张强度高于3.15kN/m、挺度大于3.45 mN·m、耐破度在250 kPa以上.     

机油滤纸的实验研究

以植物纤维与合成纤维为原料,采用复合抄片及树脂浸渍工艺研制出了透气度性能良好的机油滤纸。经检测该滤纸平均最大孔径83.7μm,耐破度464kPa,挺度17.1mN.m。     

改性水溶性酚醛树脂的合成及在三滤纸中的应用

制备了改性水溶性酚醛树脂,用于过滤纸的浸渍增强,通过对酚醛树脂浸渍和固化工艺的研究以及过滤纸性能的比较表明,水溶性酚醛树脂用于浸渍增强滤纸是可行的,其裂断长达到4880m,耐破度309 kPa,挺度3.3 mN·m,综合力学性能均已达到进口产品水平.     

聚磷酸铵制备阻燃型空气过滤纸

分别采用Ⅰ-APP（结晶Ⅰ型聚磷酸铵）和Ⅱ-APP（结晶Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵）为阻燃剂制备内燃机用阻燃型空气过滤纸,并对其阻燃性、吸湿性、透气性和力学强度等性能进行比较。实验结果表明：与Ⅰ-APP相比较,Ⅱ-APP制备的阻燃型空气过滤纸的综合性能更优异,当苯丙乳液的留着率为20%,Ⅱ-APP的留着率为15%时,滤纸的阻燃性即可满足GB/T14656-93的阻燃要求,且耐破度与只浸渍20%苯丙乳液的滤纸相比,增加了23.8%,挺度和吸湿率基本保持不变,透气度仅下降16.5%。     

环氧树脂改性苯丙乳液用作浸渍树脂可提高汽车滤纸强度及耐水性能

研究人员以苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯为主要单体,引入E-20、E-44两种环氧树脂,采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合法制备改性苯丙乳液,并将其用作汽车滤纸浸渍树脂。结果表明,环氧树脂改性苯丙乳液浸渍的滤纸,挺度、耐破度、耐水性能都得到提高,透气度、孔径与未改性乳液相比持平或略微下降。     

环氧树脂改性苯丙乳液及其对汽车滤纸性能的影响

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸酯为主要单体,引入E-20、E-44两种环氧树脂,采用预乳化半连续乳液聚合法制备改性苯丙乳液,对环氧树脂改性后的苯丙乳液性能及在汽车滤纸中的应用效果进行检测分析。结果表明,用环氧树脂改性苯丙乳液,并将其用作汽车滤纸浸渍树脂,滤纸的挺度、耐破度、耐水性能都得到提高,透气度、孔径与未改性乳液相比持平或略微下降。环氧树脂的用量在1%~3%范围内,使用E-20改性的苯丙乳液的汽车滤纸强度和耐水性能明显优于E-44改性的。     

内燃机用空气过滤纸的阻燃性研究

为了提高内燃机用空气过滤纸的阻燃性能,实验探讨了聚磷酸铵阻燃剂、溴-锑协同阻燃剂以及二者的复配阻燃剂分别在不同留着率条件下对空气过滤纸的阻燃效果、力学性能以及透气性的影响。结果显示：复配阻燃剂在留着率为20%,且聚磷酸铵阻燃剂与溴-锑协同阻燃剂留着率之比为1∶1时,滤纸的阻燃性能满足GB/T14656-93的要求且无烟,此时挺度基本不变,耐破度下降约12%,透气率下降约13%。     

聚乙二醇改性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂对汽车空气滤纸性能的影响

采用聚乙二醇对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂进行改性,改性后的树脂用作交联剂添加到苯丙乳液中,并对汽车工业滤纸原纸进行浸渍加工处理。通过研究聚乙二醇(P)、三聚氰胺(M)、甲醛(F)的不同配比、树脂添加量及固化pH值,探讨了其作为乳液交联剂对汽车工业空气滤纸的抗张强度、耐破度、耐水性、透气度的影响。实验结果表明,当P与M的摩尔比为0.32,F与M-MP的摩尔比为2.8,改性树脂添加量为苯丙乳液固含量的4%,固化pH值为6～7时,汽车工业空气滤纸的综合性能最佳(苯丙乳液的上胶量为25%)。当pH值为6时,滤纸的抗张强度为4.51 kN/m,耐破度为340 kPa,耐水性为39.4min,透气度为334 L/(m2.s)。     

酚醛树脂合成条件及其与苯丙乳液复配体系对浸渍滤纸性能的影响

介绍一种苯丙乳液与酚醛树脂复配体系,针对酚醛树脂合成过程中用碱量和保温时间不同,研究并比较滤纸用酚醛-苯丙乳液复配体系和纯乳液分别浸渍增强后的多项力学性能。结果发现:酚醛树脂用碱量为11%,保温时间为3.5h,复配体系浸渍固化滤纸后力学性能相对乳液浸渍的滤纸有较大幅度的提高,其中耐破度可提高20%,抗张强度、伸长率和挺度均有不同程度的提高,达到了既降低成本又提高滤纸力学性能的目的,对工业应用有指导意义。     

水溶性酚醛树脂对机油滤纸性能影响的研究

研制了一种新型改性水溶性酚醛树脂,用于增强机油滤纸,探讨了浸渍、固化等加工工艺对浸渍增强滤纸力学性能的影响,并分析了浸渍滤纸的耐机油性能。研究结果表明,浸渍滤纸力学性能得到明显改善,上胶量为20%时其耐破度可达350 kPa、弯曲(7.5°)挺度3.55 mN·m、抗张强度6.22 kN/m;浸泡机油后耐破度保持率为44%;该树脂游离醛含量小于1%,较以往水溶性酚醛树脂增强滤纸的综合性能有更进一步提高,已经达到进口产品水平。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status