紫马铃薯花色苷提取工艺优化及稳定性、抗氧化活性分析

以甜菜碱为氢键受体,有机酸、糖基和醇基分别为氢键供体制备天然绿色的低共熔溶剂,基于微波辅助提取法,通过单因素实验并结合响应面分析对紫马铃薯花色苷提取工艺进行优化。主要考察了微波时间、微波功率、溶剂含水量、溶剂摩尔比对紫马铃薯花色苷含量的影响。同时比较低共熔溶剂与常规溶剂提取对紫马铃薯花色苷在不同温度、光照条件下的稳定性,以及DPPH、ABTS+、OH自由基清除率评价体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,以甜菜碱和柠檬酸制备酸性低共熔溶剂,摩尔比1:2.1,含水量为28.6%,在微波功率800 W,微波时间28 s条件下,紫马铃薯花色苷含量可达到228.658±1.241 mg/100 g,较常规提取工艺含量提高了56.92%。此外通过低共熔溶剂提取所得花色苷在不同光照、温度条件下稳定性均显著提高。其中太阳光对紫马铃薯花色苷影响最大,避光情况下低共熔溶剂提取花色苷保存率可达90%以上,常规溶剂提取花色苷保存率为82.78%,此外,花色苷含量也随着温度的增加不断降低,二者保存率均明显下降。抗氧化能力结果表明,低共熔溶剂提取所得花色苷抗氧化能力更强,其清除自由基能力IC₅₀值均小于...     

响应面法优化超高压辅助提取紫薯花色苷的工艺研究

以紫薯为研究对象,在单因素的基础上,采用响应面法对紫薯花色苷超高压辅助提取工艺进行优化。以紫薯花色苷得率为响应值,考察提取剂的浓度、料液比、压力值、保压时间等因素对花色苷得率的影响。获得了最佳提取理论条件、提取剂浓度2.0%,料液比1∶40(g/mL),保压时间3 min,压力值200 MPa,花色苷得率82.85mg/100g。与传统的溶剂提取法相比,此法用时短,效率高。     

不同提取方法对蓝靛果果渣花色苷提取效率的影响

为探讨蓝靛果果渣花色苷的最佳提取工艺,采用常温溶剂浸提、加热溶剂浸提、超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取4种提取技术提取蓝靛果果渣中花色苷,通过优化其提取时间,研究不同方法对果渣中花色苷得率及结构的影响。结果表明:4种方法的最佳提取时间分别为90、90、35、0.67 min。其中微波辅助提取法提取蓝靛果果渣花色苷的得率为233.4 mg/100 g,与超声辅助提取法相比花色苷得率提高75.0%,与加热溶剂浸提相比花色苷得率提高73.0%,与常温溶剂浸提相比花色苷得率提高78.1%。说明在微波辅助提取工艺的辅助下果渣中花色苷的提取效率得到了极大地提高。     

超高压辅助提取桑葚花色苷及其抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素试验和响应面分析法,研究超高压辅助提取桑葚花色苷的最佳提取工艺条件,并分析其抗氧化活性。结果表明：各因素对花色苷得率的影响顺序为：提取压力＞乙醇浓度＞液料比;超高压辅助提取桑葚花色苷的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度75%、提取压力430 MPa、液料比12∶1（mL/g）,在此条件下花色苷的得率为（1.97±0.02）mg/g,与模型的预测值基本吻合,花色苷得率较传统热提取法明显提高;提取所得桑葚花色苷具有较强的抗氧化活性,其对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率随着花色苷质量浓度的增大而提高,对应的IC50值分别为0.026、0.406 mg/mL,分别是VC的0.47倍、1.18倍。可见超高压辅助提取所得花色苷具有良好的抗氧化活性,可以作为一种抗氧化膳食补充剂应用于食品工业中。     

超高压处理对蓝靛果抗氧化物提取量及活性的影响

研究超高压处理对蓝靛果中总抗氧化物、花色苷、多酚、VC提取量及总抗氧化活性的影响,探索细胞微观结构与总抗氧化物提取量的关系。结果表明:提取压力为300 MPa时总抗氧化物提取量最高,为85.20 mg/g(以鲜果计);总抗氧化物冻干粉中总酚、花色苷、VC含量分别在300、400 MPa和对照组中最高,分别为136.48、4.12 μg/mg和27.14 μg/mg。提取压力为400 MPa时,总抗氧化物对2,2’-联氨-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐自由基清除能力(0.37 mmol/L)、Fe~(3+)还原能力(0.84 mmol/L)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力(91.5%)最大,表明400 MPa压力条件下提取的抗氧化物活性最高。观察电子显微镜图片发现400 MPa处理对蓝靛果细胞破坏巨大,有利于抗氧化物的提取,从细胞微观结构角度证明超高压处理可以提高蓝靛果抗氧化物提取量;差异显著性分析表明VC、花色苷含量部分组之间不显著,其他组之间差异显著。通过本实验证实:超高压处理可以促进蓝靛果细胞破碎,有利于溶剂与抗氧化物接触,提高抗氧化物的提取量及抗氧化活性。     

加压溶剂法提取紫色马铃薯中花色苷的工艺优化

以紫色马铃薯粉为原料,使用加压溶剂提取的方法萃取紫色马铃薯中的花色苷。探讨提取时间、提取温度、料液比和提取剂的浓度对花色苷提取率的影响,并通过响应面法确定了最佳提取工艺参数为乙醇浓度为77%,提取温度为67℃,提取时间为25 min,料液比为1∶58,在最优条件下的花色苷提取量为200.13 mg/100 g。超声波辅助提取法提取紫色马铃薯中的花色苷,其最佳工艺条件下提取花色苷量为139.30 mg/100 g,加压溶剂法提取量高于超声波辅助提取法。     

响应面联合因子设计优化提取紫薯花色苷

从提取溶剂及提取条件等方面对紫薯花色苷提取进行工艺优化,以花色苷提取率为考察指标,用单因子试验对提取溶剂进行筛选并确定提取溶剂pH,再利用析因试验对提取条件进行分析,通过最速上升试验和中心组合试验,优化提取工艺。结果表明,盐酸乙醇溶液的提取效果最佳;时间和温度对提取效果影响更显著,优化后条件为:时间84min、温度74℃;该条件下花色苷提取率为419.529mg/100g。     

超高压提取蓝莓渣花色苷的工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

本文旨在优化蓝莓渣花色苷的超高压提取工艺并考察其抗氧化活力。本文以蓝莓渣为原料,采用单因素实验和Box-Behnken响应面分析法对蓝莓渣花色苷的提取工艺进行优化,以维生素C（V_C）为阳性对照,通过DPPH自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和FRAP铁离子还原能力的测定,评估蓝莓渣花色苷的体外抗氧化活性,并采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对蓝莓渣花色苷组分进行分析。结果表明:蓝莓渣花色苷的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取压力400 MPa,提取时间9 min,乙醇浓度60%,料液比1:20 g/mL,此条件下花色苷的提取量为5.93±0.06 mg/g,与传统溶剂浸提法（CSE）、超声波辅助提取法（USE）相比,超高压辅助提取（UPE）法的提取效果更好,花色苷提取量分别提高25.11%、10.02%;蓝莓渣花色苷对DPPH?清除能力最强,与同浓度的V_C相比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）;其对?OH的清除率以及FRAP铁离子还原能力则显著弱于同浓度V_C（P<0.05）;HPLC分析结果表明,蓝莓渣花色苷包含13种花色苷单体,其中锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷含量最高。因此,超高压辅助提取是一种高效的蓝莓渣花色苷提取方法,且蓝莓渣花色苷因其较强的抗氧化活性具有较好的应用价值。     

酶法辅助提取黑果枸杞花色苷工艺优化

为提高黑果枸杞花色苷提取率,以果胶酶辅助溶剂提取,对其工艺条件进行优化研究。以黑果枸杞花色苷含量为响应值,分别研究提取时间、乙醇浓度、液料比、提取温度、加酶量对其提取率影响。再依据响应面试验优化,得出加酶量0.10%时,各因素影响为:提取温度乙醇浓度提取时间液料比,且提取温度49℃,乙醇浓度80%,提取时间1.05 h,液料比21∶1(mL/g)时提取条件最佳,此时黑果枸杞花色苷含量达(24.675±0.027)mg/g。     

超高压处理对蓝莓花色苷稳定性的影响

为了研究超高压处理对蓝莓花色苷稳定性的影响,实验测定了在100、300、500、600 MPa四个超高压压力以及0、5、10、15、20、25、30 min七个时间梯度处理条件下蓝莓清汁花色苷稳定性的变化。结果表明:在超高压处理过程中蓝莓花色苷的稳定性较差,蓝莓清汁中的花色苷随着超高压处理时间的增加降解速率加快,其降解符合一级反应动力学模型;实验研究了几种常见组分如:抗坏血酸、蔗糖、葡萄糖以及黄酮类物质在超高压处理过程中对蓝莓花色苷稳定性的影响。研究表明:抗坏血酸、蔗糖和葡萄糖能够降低蓝莓花色苷的稳定性,加速蓝莓花色苷在超高压处理过程中的降解,且浓度越高影响越大;添加黄酮类物质发现随着超高压压力的增加蓝莓花色苷的浓度也增加,且随着添加黄酮类物质的浓度的增加蓝莓花色苷的浓度也增加,结果表明在超高压处理过程中黄酮类物质可以提高蓝莓花色苷的稳定性。     

High‐pressure recovery of anthocyanins from grape skin pomace (Vitis vinifera cv. Teran) at moderate temperature

The objective was to evaluate the influences of the high hydrostatic pressure extraction parameters on the recovery of anthocyanins from the grape skin pomace extracts (Vitis vinifera cv. Teran) under moderate temperatures. Studied parameters were: solvents (methanol and ethanol); solvent concentrations (30, 50, and 70%); pressures (300, 400, and 500 MPa); times (3, 6.5, 10 min); and temperatures (22, 26, 30 °C). Predominant anthocyanins in all extracts were malvidins (malvidin‐3‐glucoside as the main compound) representing 55.77% of overall anthocyanin content. The type of solvent did not significantly influence anthocyanin extraction yield, while decreased solvent concentration (increased solvent‐to‐water ratio) significantly improved extraction of anthocyanins. Increase of pressure enhanced extraction yield of the anthocyanins but temperature showed stronger impact on the anthocyanins recovery. This investigation evidenced that the best conditions for HHPE of anthocyanins from grape pomace were extraction time 3.39 min, extraction temperature 29.48 °C, pressure 268.44 MPa and solvent concentration 70%.

Practical applications

Due to increased interest for the use of cheap winery byproducts as a source of expensive polyphenols for functional food production, skins from grape pomace became valuable raw material. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the influence of HHPE innovative extraction technology on its nutritive value during processing. Optimizing parameters for polyphenolic recovery from grape pomace is directly related with nutritional value and economics of food engineering during industrial processing. Obtained results showed that the HHPE under lower temperatures is suitable for the extraction process of anthocyanins from grape skin pomace, but more research is needed to identify other food‐grade solvents with their corresponding concentrations that are useful for the extraction assisted with high hydrostatic pressure.     

蓝莓果渣花色苷提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性比较研究

以蓝莓干果渣为原料,酸化乙醇为溶剂,应用超声辅助法提取花色苷,利用pH示差法测定花色苷含量,通过单因素实验和响应面试验优化得出蓝莓干果渣花色苷提取工艺条件,比较相同干重的蓝莓干果渣、湿果渣采用超声辅助提取和无超声辅助工艺得到的提取液的总多酚、花色苷含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明,蓝莓干果渣最佳提取工艺为液料比(31:1)mL/g,乙醇浓度63%,pH2.6,超声功率500 W,提取时间20 min,在此条件下蓝莓果渣提取液中花色苷含量为498.84 mg/100 g。相同原料,超声辅助提取工艺提取液较无超声辅助提取工艺提取液的总多酚和花色苷含量多;相同工艺条件下,相同干重的湿果渣总多酚和花色苷含量较干果渣低,但却拥有更高的抗氧化活性。     

蓝莓花青素的提取工艺及其免疫调节活性

采用单因素试验和五元二次正交旋转组合设计试验优化蓝莓花青素的提取工艺,并通过体外细胞培养评价 蓝莓花青素对脾细胞增殖活力以及协同ConA促进小鼠脾细胞分泌干扰素-α和白细胞介素-2的活性。结果表明：乙 醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度和提取时间对蓝莓花青素提取率有显著影响;蓝莓花青素最佳提取工艺条件为： 酒石酸为酸化剂、乙醇体积分数74.6%～76.2%、料液比1∶6.6～1∶6.8（g/mL）、浸提温度52.5～53.4 ℃、浸提液 pH 3.0～3.1、浸提时间144.8～148.5 min,此工艺条件下蓝莓花青素的提取率均大于35 mg/g,具有促进小鼠脾细胞 增殖和协同ConA促进小鼠脾细胞分泌干扰素-α和白细胞介素-2活性,且呈一定的剂量相关性。     

遗传算法优化双水相法提取葡萄皮渣花色苷工艺及其组分分析

以葡萄皮渣为原料,采用双水相法提取其中的花色苷并鉴定花色苷组分。在单因素实验的基础上,通过遗传算法优化双水相法提取葡萄皮渣花色苷的工艺;利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用鉴定葡萄皮渣花色苷提取物中花色苷组分。结果表明:双水相法提取葡萄皮渣花色苷的最佳工艺为:乙醇体积分数40%、硫酸铵质量分数26%、pH3.0、料液比1:38 g/mL,在此条件下花色苷得率（3.05±0.07） mg/g。经鉴定发现葡萄皮渣花色苷提取物含有2种花色苷组分,分别为飞燕草-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷,其纯度分别为90.16%和92.41%。研究结果为天然花色苷提取提供一种新的提取方式,并为进一步开发花色苷功能性食品提供依据。     

Extraction of anthocyanins from grape by-products assisted by ultrasonics,high hydrostatic pressure or pulsed electric fields: A comparison

Extracts from grape by-products contain bioactive substances such as anthocyanins which could be used as natural antioxidants or colourants. The effect of heat treatment at 70 °C combined with the effect of different emerging novel technologies such as ultrasonics (35 KHz), high hydrostatic pressure (600 MPa) (HHP) and pulsed electric fields (3 kV cm^− 1) (PEF) showed a great feasibility and selectivity for extraction purposes. After 1 h extraction, the total phenolic content of samples subjected to novel technologies was 50% higher than in the control samples. Therefore, the application of novel technologies increased the antioxidant activity of the extracts being the extractions carried out with PEF four-fold, with HHP three-fold and with ultrasonics two-fold higher than the control extraction. In addition, the extraction of individual anthocyanins was studied showing a selective extraction based on the glucose moieties linked to the anthocyanidins; anthocyanin monoglucosides were better extracted by PEF, whereas the acylated ones were extracted by HHP.Industrial relevanceThis study examines the feasibility of different emerging technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields and ultrasonics as potential extraction methods for bioactive substances from grape by-products. Grape by-products represent a low-cost source of valuable bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, with great industrial applications as colourants or nutraceuticals. The higher yields obtained in extractions carried out by high hydrostatic pressure and pulsed electric fields are of major interest from an industrial point of view, since solvent amounts were reduced and extraction times shortened. Thus, the combination of emerging technologies for extraction purposes and low-cost raw materials is an economical alternative to traditional extraction methods according to industry demands and a sustainable development.     

黑米花色苷的提取及纯化

目的：得到黑米花色苷最佳提取工艺,建立应用大孔吸附树脂纯化花色苷的方法。方法：以矢车菊素-3- 葡萄糖苷为跟踪指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,对影响黑米花色苷提取的各因素进行研究,比较9 种大孔吸附树脂对花色苷的静态吸附和解吸性能。结果：黑米花色苷最佳提取条件,提取液乙醇- 水- 盐酸体积比为50:50:0.5,温度50℃,固液比为1:10(g/mL),提取时间为1h,提取次数为3 次。通过对9 种大孔吸附树脂的比较,确定AB-8 为纯化黑米的理想吸附树脂,80% 乙醇为洗脱剂,上样流速为1.0BV/h,解吸流速为2.0BV/h。结论：测定经树脂纯化后提取物中花色苷的含量达到22.59%(粗提物中花色苷含量为3.448%),树脂富集倍数为 6.02,此工艺条件纯化效果显著。     

Optimization of high hydrostatic pressure process for the extraction of kirenol from Siegesbeckia orientalis L. using response surface methodology

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) extraction method was optimized to maximize the extraction yield of kirenol from Siegesbeckia orientalis. Operating parameters such as extraction pressure (100–600 MPa), pressure holding time (3–20 min), feed-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:90 (w/v)), and solvent (ethanol) concentration (0–100%) were investigated individually by mono-factor experiments. Then, the optimal extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology. Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables (extraction pressure, solvent concentration, and feed-to-solvent ratio) on the extraction yield of kirenol from S. orientalis. Extraction pressure, solvent concentration, and feed-to-solvent ratio affected the extraction yields significantly, whereas the pressure holding time had no significant effect. The optimal processing conditions, which gave a maximum extraction yield of 85.9% kirenol from the raw material, were as follows: extracting pressure 320 MPa, pressure holding time 5min, ethanol concentration 18%, and feed-to-solvent ratio 1:76 (w/v).     

HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE EXTRACTION OF SALIDROSIDE FROM RHODIOLA SACHALINENSIS

A nonthermal process, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), was used as a new extraction technique to obtain salidroside from Rhodiola sachalinensis. The leaching rates of salidroside were measured under different treatment conditions. When the material was treated under 500 MPa of hydrostatic pressure with 50 times of volume 60% (v/v) of ethanol solution as the extracting solvent, the leaching rate of salidroside was up to 0.401% in 3 min, while that of ultrasonic extraction was at 0.288% in 30 min and that of reflux extraction was at 0.302% in 120 min. The HHP extraction technique showed high efficiency in extracting salidroside at room temperature using moderate ethanol concentration.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Rhodiola is prevalently used as a safe and effective antifatigue drug and as an adaptogen around the world. But the common extraction methods used to yield commercial products are still traditional ones, which could easily lead some thermosensitive ingredients to lose their biologic activities. The nonthermal extraction method is the key point of the realization of herb modernization. The high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technique can be operated at room temperature and can shorten processing time. The extract produced by the method has proved to be of higher extraction yield than traditional varieties. In addition, the HHP technique only consumes electric energy without exhaust emission, which is an environment-friendly method. In the future, we will cooperate with those far-seeing companies to achieve its industrialization. The annual sale of herbs in the whole world has reached 30 billion. We do not doubt the prospect of this technique.     

响应面法优化酶-超声波辅助同步提取紫薯花青素工艺

为提高紫薯花青素得率,采用酶-超声波辅助同步对紫薯花青素的提取效果进行研究。通过Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析确定酶-超声波辅助提取最佳工艺条件：体积分数0.1%的HCl-C2H5OH为溶剂（酸醇比为50∶50）,纤维素酶提取温度51 ℃、料液比1∶20、酶添加量54 U/mL、超声功率100 W、时间33 min,此条件下花青素得率可达到（3.581±0.016）‰。酶-超声波辅助提取法与传统的有机溶剂浸提法相比,缩短了提取时间,花青素得率提高了2.73 倍;与微波法、超声波法相比,花青素得率分别提高了32.4%和17.8%。