废白土中油脂回收与废白土的再生利用

对废白土中油脂的回收和废白土的再生利用进行了研究。通过对废白土浸出、油脂的回收及废白土的焙烧、酸洗等再生工艺条件最优化,使油脂的回收率达到84%。结果表明,经脱色后的废白土,不宜放置时间过长,否则回收利用价值下降。废白土的最佳再生工艺条件为:焙烧时间60min、酸洗浓度7%、残油率4·31%。用再生白土和新白土对3种不同油脂进行脱色试验,再生白土的脱色力接近新白土,证明了再生白土作为吸附剂是可行的。     

废白土中回收油脂的可行性研究

用白土作为脱色剂 ,在吸附油脂中色素的同时 ,也吸附了不少油脂 ,这就降低了油脂的得率。采用 6#溶剂油浸提废白土中的油脂 ,可使废白土中的残油从 2 8%降至 1 8%。在实验中发现 ,废白土中的油脂要立即进行回收 ,以防止酸值和过氧化值的上升。经对回收的油脂进行理化指标的测定 ,都达到了质量标准。     

油脂脱色废白土再生工艺的研究

以油脂生产中的脱色废白土为原料,制备再生白土.通过对废白土中油脂回收,再对去油白土进行焙烧和酸洗.通过实验确定的最佳再生条件为:焙烧时间60min,硫酸酸化的浓度7%,水洗至pH 4.5.在此条件下再生白土脱色率最好,可达到98.2%.     

废白土中油脂回收工艺与实践

以蓖麻油脱色后的废白土为原料,利用自行设计制造的专业提油设备,采用6#溶剂浸出工艺回收废白土中的油脂.工艺操作稳定,回收的油脂通过精炼可达到国际1#蓖麻油标准,脱油后的废白土残油量小于5%.介绍了专业提油设备的结构和工艺流程,讨论了生产实践中作业温度、萃取次数等因素对浸出效果的影响.     

废白土中油脂回收与废白土的再生利用

对废白土中油脂的回收和废白土的再生利用进行了研究。通过对废白土浸出、油脂的回收及废白土的焙烧、酸洗等再生工艺条件最优化，使油脂的回收率达到84％。结果表明，经脱色后的废白土，不宜放置时间过长，否则回收利用价值下降。废白土的最佳再生工艺条件为：焙烧时间60min、酸洗浓度7％、残油率4．31％。用再生白土和新白土对3种不同油脂进行脱色试验，再生白土的脱色力接近新白土，证明了再生白土作为吸附剂是可行的。     

从油脂脱色废白土中回收油脂的研究

简述了从油脂脱色废白土中回收油脂的几种方法,并在小试、中试的研究过程中重点探索了溶剂法回收油脂脱色废白土中油脂的工艺效果及影响因素,证实了溶剂法是一种能应用于生产的有效方法     

油脂精炼废白土中油脂回收和废白土再生工艺的研究

为了更好地利用废白土增加效益,利用自行设计的一种新型三段式浸出器,对油脂脱色废白土中油脂的回收工艺及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,用该工艺回收后的油脂品质好,能达到食用标准,且回收后的废白土残油量小于5％。在此基础上利用自行设计的两段白土再生器将二次废白土再生。     

改良水剂法对脱色废白土油脂回收效果研究

采用表面活性剂与传统水剂法相结合方法对回收脱色废白土油脂效果进行研究.试验结果表明,回收脱色废白土油脂最优工艺为:碳酸钠添加量0.3％、提取温度95℃、提取时间35 min、表面活性剂为OS-15,在此条件下,脱色废白土油脂回收率可达96.72％.     

油脂精炼废白土的利用

油脂精炼过程中,通常使用油重2%～5%的活性白土进行吸附脱色,脱色后的废白土若处理不及时,会造成环境污染.为了加强对脱色废白土的再利用,可采用压榨法、溶剂法和水剂法对其中的油脂提取回收,或者直接用作制备去污粉、洗涤膏的原料、用作饲料添加剂和直接用作生物培养基生产核黄素,也可对其进行酸化活化处理后用作农药、重金属脱除吸附剂,还可进行复配制成有机肥料用于农业生产中.利用以上途径,可变废为宝,使脱色废白土得到充分的利用,减少对环境的污染,增加油脂企业的经济效益.     

废白土中回收油脂的研究与应用

根据试验以及由此而设计的废白土回收油脂工艺的实际应用 ,表明了在实际生产当中 ,废白土回收油脂是可行的。通常油厂均设有榨油和精炼车间 ,完全可能将精炼产生的废白土中残存的油脂提取出来 ,产生二次效益。因此 ,该研究具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.