超临界CO2连续萃取装置不同密封结构性能比较

为探究超临界CO₂连续萃取环境下合适的料仓用密封件,利用ANSYS软件建立O形、Y形与U杯形密封圈二维对称模型,分析推入过程中压缩量、摩擦因数影响下密封件的接触应力、等效应力和最佳推入形式,以及承压状态下密封件应力分布与应力的变化规律。结果表明:在推入过程中,O形圈拥有较好的预紧密封性能,U杯形圈的等效应力最小且应力分布均匀;随着压缩量与摩擦因数的增大,O形与Y形圈应力变化会发生波动,而U杯形圈各应力保持线性增长;承压工作状态下,唇形的Y形和U杯形密封件密封性能优于O形圈; Y形圈在高压工况下密封性能最优异,但低唇底部容易发生剪切破坏,影响其使用寿命,而U杯形圈在高压工况下密封性能表现最稳定、可靠。     

Y形组合密封的密封性能研究

应用ABAQUS软件建立YO组合密封的有限元模型,分别比较Y形组合密封与Y形密封、聚氨酯和丁腈橡胶2种材料的Y形组合密封,在密封区域的静态接触压力和Mises应力分布,分析O形圈截面直径对2种材料Y形组合密封性能的影响规律。结果表明：Y形组合密封在密封区域的接触压力和Mises应力均大于相同规格、材料的Y形圈,且外行程时Y形组合密封接触压力增大更明显,应力分布更均匀,验证了Y形组合密封的双重密封和改善根部抗撕裂的特性;在O形圈截面直径相同的情况下,聚氨酯组合密封外行程与内行程的最大接触压力差值远远高于丁腈橡胶组合密封,而丁腈橡胶组合密封Mises应力分布更均匀;随着O形圈截面直径的增大,聚氨酯组合密封的最大接触压力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,丁腈橡胶组合密封呈现逐渐减小的趋势,但两者的Mises应力均呈现逐渐增大的趋势,且丁腈橡胶组合密封增大更显著。研究结果为不同工作条件下密封件的选择提供了参考依据。     

高压氢气环境下橡胶O形圈静密封结构有限元分析

利用ABAQUS软件建立了高压氢气环境下橡胶O形圈静密封结构的有限元分析模型,研究了高压氢气作用下由于橡胶材料的吸氢膨胀对O形圈变形及应力的影响,探讨了不同初始压缩率、氢气压力、沟槽间隙、有无挡圈等工况下O形圈最大Von Mises应力、最大剪切应力和最大接触应力的变化规律。结果表明:高压氢气环境下,吸氢膨胀会导致橡胶O形圈的截面高度和面积的增加,但对O形圈的应力基本无影响。增加O形圈压缩率会提高初始安装工况下的接触应力,有利于初始密封的形成,但当介质压力较大时,过高的压缩率会显著增加剪切应力,导致O形圈发生剪切破坏。相较于低压工况,高压下密封沟槽间隙对O形圈的Mises应力和剪切的影响非常显著,较大的沟槽间隙会使O形圈发生挤出和剪切破坏,而安装密封挡圈可明显改善O形圈的变形和应力情况,有效防止O形圈被挤入沟槽间隙,同时提高密封性能。     

Y形密封圈的有限元分析及结构改进

采用有限元软件ABAQUS,分析活塞和活塞杆间Y形密封圈密封面上的接触压力和摩擦力。针对Y形密封圈存在的密封面接触压力过大和摩擦力波动较大的问题,在原来的Y形圈唇部增加一个O形密封圈,起静密封和提供弹力支撑的作用。分析结果表明,优化后Y形圈接触压力和摩擦力明显减小,且摩擦力曲线波动更小,既能保证密封效果,又减小了因摩擦过大引起的Y形圈磨损失效,提高了Y形圈的使用寿命。     

机械振打器活塞杆处O形圈不同密封结构下的性能分析

依据机械振打器实际工况,建立了机械振打器活塞杆处O形圈安装于矩形沟槽和V形沟槽内的有限元分析模型,分析了不同密封结构下O形圈接触应力、剪切应力及位移矢量与密封流体压力之间的关系。结果表明:V形沟槽适用于密封介质压力不大的情况;在流体压力较大时,矩形及V形沟槽形式的O形圈密封结构均满足密封要求,但V形沟槽内O形圈更易损坏,因此机械振打器活塞杆处O形圈密封结构选择矩形沟槽较好。     

具有复合作用的异型密封

在液压和气动系统中,常用的密封有O形圈、Y形圈和V形圈。本文再介绍三种具有复合作用的密封形式。1 “Z”形密封“Z”形密封如图1a所示。主要用于运动副中孔的密封。用它可以代替两个Y形密封,使构件的轴向尺寸减小。两个V形腔受力时的合力作用,分别压向密封槽底和密封孔壁,加强了这两处的接触压力,提高了密封效果。如图1b。这种形式的密封,还具有O形圈密封的特点,即自润滑作用强、摩擦力小。     

一种新型Y形密封单元及其在液压油缸密封中的应用

针对数控机床用液压平衡油缸密封单元的易损问题,对典型的密封单元失效模式进行总结,在分析一般O形圈及Y形圈密封原理的基础上,设计一种新型的Y形密封单元,并成功用于多台数控机床液压平衡油缸的维修和改造。实践证明新型Y形密封单元能大幅提高液压平衡油缸的密封性和寿命,并可应用于其他类型往复运动装置的密封。     

振动环境下O形圈静密封性能分析

基于有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了加挡圈O形圈二维轴对称几何模型，对高压工况下振动对密封圈静密封性能的影响进行研究。首先，给出了振动工况下O形圈的密封行为变化，预测密封件易失效部位；其次，对比分析了不同压力和振动幅值对密封静力学性能的影响。结果表明：较大的介质压力加剧O形圈被挤入张开的密封间隙，活塞杆振动挤压O形圈材料，从而造成应力集中，因此在介质压力较大时，需要注意防震；而提高挡圈材料的回弹性，能有效防止由于振动造成的O形圈的失效损坏。     

基于ANSYS的Y形密封圈密封性能研究

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究Y形密封圈的密封性能,分析不同工作压力下密封偶合面间的压力分布与变形,得到密封偶合面间的接触应力分布规律及接触应力与工作介质压力之间的关系。模拟不同工况时Y形圈与相对运动表面间的摩擦力大小及Y形圈的挤出状况,给出不同间隙和不同工作压力下的挤入临界曲线。结果表明:Y形密封圈接触压力的最大值发生在密封圈与缸体接触的唇部区域;摩擦力最大值发生在Y形圈与活塞及缸体接触的2个唇形区域;Y形密封圈上下唇的最大接触压力随着工作压力的增加而增大,且总是大于工作压力,并且外行程时受到的摩擦力总是大于内行程时受到的摩擦力,因而具有良好的耐压性和密封性能。     

基于ANSYS的Y形橡胶密封圈密封性能研究

利用有限元软件ANSYS模拟分析了往复运动Y形密封圈的静态和动态密封性能。研究了短唇倾角、唇谷高2个结构参数对Y形密封圈静态密封性能的影响;分析了工作油压、往复运动速度和摩擦系数3个工况参数对Y形圈动态密封性能的影响。结果表明:当短唇倾角在6°~10°,唇谷高在5~6 mm时,Y形圈的静态密封性能较好,且随着短唇倾角和唇谷高的增加,其静态性能增强;当工作油压小于10 MPa、往复运动速度在0.2~0.5 m/s时,Y形圈的动态密封性能较好,而密封圈与活塞杆间的动态摩擦系数对其密封性能影响不明显。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.