基于FEM的电磁缩径耦合场数值模拟

对管件电磁缩径的磁场力和动态变形进行了耦合场FEM数值模拟。应用ANSYS计算作用在管件上的瞬态磁场力,然后以该力为边界条件模拟工件高速变形,实现管件变形与磁场力之间的耦合。研究结果表明,作用于工件的磁场力及其径向变形分布不均匀;工件变形可以间接说明磁感应强度和磁场力的分布;工件变形较大时,全耦合模拟结果较半耦合模拟更合理,而变形较小时,二者模拟结果相近。管件变形的模拟值与测量结果吻合较好。     

电磁热效应止裂效果与电流通路尺寸关系的研究

从理论、试验和数值模拟三方面研究利用电磁热效应技术对具有单边裂纹的导体进行止裂时，由于裂纹尺寸不同使得导体中电流通路尺寸不同，从而导致裂纹尖端的温度场、温度梯度场分布状态的不同。理论分析、试验研究和数值模拟结果均表明：由于电流产生的焦耳热源的作用，能够在裂纹尖端处很小的范畴内熔化形成焊口，遏制裂纹的扩展；导体中裂纹的长度（即导体中电流通路尺寸）是影响裂纹尖端温度场和温度梯度场的主要因素。     

外加高频磁场下电弧快速成形过程的电磁-流体耦合数值模拟

外加电磁作用是改善电弧快速成形零件组织和性能的有效方式之一。为了揭示高频磁场对熔池传热、对流和形态的影响机理,采用有限元电磁计算和有限体积流体分析耦合的方法,建立电磁场、熔池温度场和流体流动场分析的三维模型,分析工件和熔池中高频电磁力/热的分布特征,研究高频电磁力与表面张力、电弧力以及熔滴冲击共同作用下的熔池表面动态变形,对比分析有/无外加高频磁场情况下熔池温度分布和流体流动模式上的差异,并由此预测外加高频磁场对凝固组织和熔池形态的改变。结果表明,高频电磁力驱动熔池流体在垂直焊接方向的平面内形成单漩涡旋转对流,有利于熔断枝晶细化晶粒,熔池表面形状向远离线圈一侧倾斜,熔宽增大。金相和焊道横截面测试证实了上述模拟结果。     

准恒力电磁铁的吸力特性研究

阐述了有限元法在电磁场数值分析中的应用。为此首先建立了630 kN多点成形机用电磁铁的数学模型,并用Maxwell应力张量法求解电磁铁的牵引力。对电磁铁进行较大改进,得到了电磁场的等磁力线及动铁心的吸力分布曲线,同时得到了最大吸力与工作吸力之比为2.3的准恒力电磁铁。     

勾形磁场的优化设计与实现

本文采用有限元法对8英寸单晶炉（16寸坩埚）勾形磁场的磁场分布和磁场强度,以及影响磁场强度的线圈匝数、导线面积、线圈间距等因素进行了模拟分析和优化,并依据模拟结果得到磁场结构的优化设计参数。最后通过实验对磁场的设计参数进行了验证,结果表明：磁场分布和磁场强度模拟结果与实际测试结果可较好吻合;磁场的关键参数满足晶体生长的磁场要求;模拟方法是正确的、符合实际的。此方法为磁场设计提供了一种可靠的模拟新方法和经验数据。     

电磁充型对铸造AlSi7CuMg合金强化性能的影响

通过对自行设计的电磁充型铸造试验装置主要工艺参数的测定试验,确定了电磁泵励磁电流与磁感应强度及电极电流与铝液柱高（泵高）关系。建立电磁充型反重力砂型铸造的加压工艺,进行了电磁充型对铸造AlSi7CuMg合金强化性能的影响试验研究。试验结果表明：在电磁场作用下AlSi7CuMg合金的热处理金相组织中的共晶相均匀弥散、力学性能明显提高。     

并列线圈在平板电磁成形中的磁场力分布与受力分析

建立平板电磁成形3D有限元模型,分析线圈与板料间隙磁感应强度的分布,并与试验数据对比,验证了模拟方法的准确性。设计并列圆形与并列方形线圈结构,对于线圈加载不同方向电流,采用有限元模拟方法研究了线圈在被成形平板件上产生的磁场力分布规律。分析了并列圆形与并列方形线圈结构的受力状况和失效模式,提出了线圈结构设计改进方案与失效预防措施。根据并列圆形与并列方形线圈结构的特点,为并列线圈成形不规则工件的工程应用提供了指导。     

SIMUUTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TUBE BULGING BASED ON LOOSE COUPLING METHOD

A loose coupling method is used to solve the electromagnetic tube bulging. ANSYS/ EMAG is used to model the time varying electromagnetic field with the discharge current used as excitation, in order to obtain the radial and axial magnetic pressure acting on the tube, the magnetic pressure is then used as boundary conditions to model the high velocity deformation of tube with DYNAFORM. The radial magnetic pressure on the tube decreases from the center to the tube end, axial magnetic pressure is greater near the location equal to the coil height and slight in the other region. The radial displacement of deformed workpieces is distributed uniformly near the tube center and decreases from the center to the end; Deformation from the location equal to coil height to the tube end is little. This distribution is consistent with the distribution of radial pressure; Effect of the axial magnetic pressure on deformation can be ignored. The calculated results show well agreements with the experimental results.     

大型发电机定子端部绕组的电磁特性

依据电磁场基本方程，推得汽轮发电机定子端部绕组区域磁场分布的统一表达式，以及各段绕组所受电磁力的计算式。通过计算，得到端部绕组区域磁感应强度和绕组所受电磁力的分布图，并对结果进行详细分析，指出不同区域电磁力最大值所在的位置及相应的数值。所得结论具有一定实际指导价值。     

Modeling of electromagnetic separation of inclusions from molten metals

The presence of inclusions greatly influences the mechanical and the corrosion resistance of metallic alloys. These influential effects become more crucial when using metallic scrap, due to the high levels of inclusions and other contaminants such as non-metallic and oxides particles. Metal cleanliness requirements are becoming more striking, enforcing higher demands on the efficiency and flexibility of refining methods. Recently electromagnetic separation technique has been considered as a new method for the production of metals free from inclusions. In this study, a mathematical model has been developed to simulate the flow of molten metal through a channel in the presence of electromagnetic force field generated by interaction between a stationary electromagnetic field and DC current passing through the melt. A generalized model based on Newton's second law of motion was developed for the motion of inclusions in the melt flowing through the channel of separator by considering different forces acting on particle including electromagnetic force. A physical model was designed and constructed to visualize the inclusion separation phenomena and to verify the mathematical model. The predicted particle trajectories and separation in the physical model were compared with those obtained from experiments which showed reasonably good agreement. Parametric studies were performed using the mathematical model to evaluate the effects of various parameters, such as electromagnetic force strength, particle size and melt inlet velocity on the inclusion removal efficiency.     

电磁环境效应对导弹武器系统的影响

论述了电磁环境效应的概念和研究内容及介绍了导弹武器系统电磁环境效应研究的意义,并在对导弹武器系统电磁环境分析的基础上,探讨了电磁环境效应对导弹武器系统的影响.     

电磁流量计干标定技术

介绍电磁流量计干标定技术的研究现状及工业化应用前景,阐述电磁流量计干标定原理.指出如何准确测量有效区域内各点磁场信息是电磁流量计干标定技术工业化应用的关键技术,利用电磁流量计磁场的交变特性,通过测量电磁感应所产生的其他物理量间接获取电磁流量计有效区域内磁场信息,是解决此关键技术的有效途径,并以此为基础重点分析了涡电场测量法与面权重函数法这两种新型干标定方法的测量原理、特点及实现方法.此项技术为我国开展电磁流量计干标定技术的研究及工业应用提供技术参考.     

磁轴承中的电磁力计算

简要介绍了电磁力的基本理论，以径向电磁轴承为例，分别采用理论公式和磁场数值计算两种方法，给出对应于不同气隙和控制电流工况下电磁力的计算过程和结果，得出了较精确的磁轴承电磁力计算方法。     

发夹式换热器管束流致振动数值模拟研究

运用计算流体力学方法,采用ANSYS CFX软件对发夹式换热器的壳侧流场进行了三维数值模拟。流场计算中采用多孔介质模型对管束区域进行简化,分析了壳侧流场的速度分布,结果表明:直管段部分的流体湍流强度大于弯管段,且外层管束所在区域为高流速区,受流体冲刷严重。结合流场信息,通过功率谱生成随机激振力,采用ABAQUS软件模拟计算了湍流激振下管束的振动响应,结果显示管束的面外均方根位移远大于面内位移,且弯管部分的振动位移最大。该研究结果可为发夹式换热器的性能分析和优化设计提供参考和依据。     

交变磁场对激光熔覆铁基复合涂层宏观形貌的影响及其微观组织演变

通过特殊设计的电路及作用线圈制作了交变磁场发生装置,并用其研究了不同磁场强度对激光熔覆铁基涂层宏观形貌和显微组织的影响。基于电磁学及金属凝固原理,揭示了激光熔覆涂层的固化过程和磁场诱发熔覆涂层柱状树枝晶向等轴晶转变的主要机制。实验结果表明:在交变磁场作用下,熔池金属液表面产生的趋肤效应和交变电磁力使凝固后熔覆层的表面形态呈波浪式,熔高和横截面积均随磁场电流的增加而减小,但熔宽变化不大。熔池内部产生的电磁力驱动熔体流动使树枝晶熔蚀和机械折断,游离的破碎枝晶成为新的形核核心,增加了形核率,从而促使熔覆层顶部组织由树枝晶向等轴晶转变。随着磁场电流的增加,等轴晶区扩大,但涂层底部的组织变化不明显。     

Experimental investigation on workers’ exposure to electromagnetic fields in proximity of magnetic resonance imaging systems

The paper presents the results of an experimental activity focused on the measurement of electromagnetic fields generated by magnetic resonance imaging systems, carried out with the purpose of assessing exposure of workers to static, low frequency and radio-frequency electromagnetic fields , as required by the EU Directive 2004/40/EC. The main contribution of the paper is that it presents a comparative study of exposure carried out during operation of the MRI system and close to the sources, with different scanning sequences and RF coils. Results show that the static magnetic field follows the theoretical values only close to the magnet due to the effect of the walls, with a few percent variation due to the operating conditions; exposure to the magnetic field in the low frequency band is mainly determined by emissions generated by the power grid at 50 Hz and by the pulses driving the gradient coils; and finally the radio-frequency band only shows contributions by the diagnostic pulses at the resonance frequency, with exposure levels usually below the limits contained in the Directive.     

Three-dimensional MHD simulations of the electromagnetic flowmeter for laminar and turbulent flows

The interaction between an electrically conducting fluid and an external magnetic field in an ideal cylindrical electromagnetic flowmeter is numerically investigated for both laminar and turbulent flows. Induced electric potential in the fluid, and the difference in potential at the measuring electrodes are directly obtained by including MHD effects in the CFD simulations. Fully developed laminar and turbulent flows are simulated. The computed electric potential difference on the electrodes agrees with analytical values for small Hartmann number cases, where the induced Lorentz force is small. Turbulent flow produces a more uniform electric potential distribution in the flow meter cross-section than laminar flow. These integrated MHD/CFD simulations couple the MHD effect with flow dynamics without deriving a weighting function with an assumed velocity profile, which will be necessary for electromagnetic flow meters when the Hartmann number is not small.     

机电集成超环面传动蜗杆外部磁场的计算

以机电集成超环面传动理论为基础,利用电磁学理论对机电集成超环面传动蜗杆外部磁场进行了分析和计算,给出了该传动蜗杆的电枢方程。在此基础上,完成了机电集成超环面传动蜗杆外部磁场计算公式的推导,得到了机电集成超环面传动蜗杆外部磁场的分布规律。实验结果证实了理论分析的正确性。本项研究为该种传动的设计提供了理论基础。     

EFFECT OF VELOCITY ON DUCTILITY UNDER HIGH VELOCITY FORMING

The ring expansion procedures over various forming velocities are calculated with ANSYS software in order to show the effect of forming velocity on ductility of rate insensitive materials. Ring expansion procedures are simplified to one-dimensional tension by constraining the radial deformation,with element birth and death method,fracture problem of circular ring are considered. The calculated results show that for insensitive materials of 1060 aluminum and 3A21 aluminum alloy,fracture strain increases corresponding to the increase of forming velocity. This trend agrees well with experimental results,and indicates inertia is the key factor to affect ductility; With element birth and death methods,fracture problems can be solved effectively. Experimental studies on formability of tubular workpieces are also conducted,experimental results show that the formability of 1060 aluminum and 3A21 aluminum alloy under electromagnetic forming is higher than that under quasistatic forming,according to the characteristics of electromagnetic forming,the forming limit diagrams of the two materials tube are also built respectively,this is very important to promote the development of electromagnetic forming and guide the engineering practices.     

内置扭带换热管三维流动与传热数值模拟

对自转扭带换热管内流体的运动进行了分析,根据流体在自转扭带管内的切向运动特点,提出将自转扭带等效虚拟于静止扭带的思路。建立内置螺旋扭带换热管流体流动的三维物理模型,采用大型CFD软件FLUENT6.0中的RNG k-ε模型对内置扭带换热管内的流动与传热进行了数值模拟,得到了内置扭带换热管流体流动的速度、压力、湍流强度场分布规律及传热特性。比较了静止、旋转及旋转等效虚拟静止扭带换热管的传热和阻力降特性,分析了不同螺距对强化传热和阻力降的影响。速度场的模拟值与激光测速仪试验值进行了比较,二者吻合较好。