ICP-MS同时测定地质样品中的锆和铪

研究了运用ICP-MS测定矿石样品中锆、铪含量的方法;采用过氧化钠熔融,用高纯水提取,过滤,用1＋1 HCl溶解沉淀;确定了仪器最佳工作条件,选择了合适的内标校正锆、铪。该方法测定锆、铪的检出限分别为0.03ng/g、0.003ng/g,精密度分别为2.88%、3.05%,回收率为96.1%-103%。使用该方法分析标准参考物质和实际样品,分析结果与认定值和其它分析方法测定值一致,此法方便,快捷,适用于大量地质样品中锆、铪的直接检测。     

ICP-AES法测定Ti-45Nb合金中铁、硅、铬、镁和锰等杂质元素

介绍了采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定Ti-45Nb合金中杂质元素铁、硅、铬、镁、锰的方法,样品采用盐酸、氢氟酸加硝酸溶解,溶解温度控制在室温或水浴70℃以下。进行了仪器工作参数和待测元素分析线的选择试验,确定了仪器最佳工作条件,考察了合金基体钛和共存元素铌对待测元素的影响,确定了各待测元素分析线分别为Fe238.204nm,Si251.611nm,Cr205.560nm,Mg279.533nm,Mn260.568nm。通过基体匹配消除基体的影响,实现了用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛铌合金中铁、硅、铬、镁、锰元素的含量。进行了加入回收试验,回收率在90~120%之间,方法的检出限是0.0006~0.008μg/mL,相对标准偏差小于10%。     

ICP-AES测定2E12铝合金中钛、铜、镁、锰、锌、铬、硅和铁的研究

采用ICP-AES法对2E12铝合金中钛、铜、镁、锰、锌、铬、硅和铁的测定进行了研究,着重进行了基体元素及待测元素在测定浓度范围内的线性相关性试验,进行了酸度试验,测定了2E12铝合金中8种元素的含量,得到了较好的精密度和准确度.方法简便,可靠,获得了满意的分析结果.     

ICP-AES法测定GH3128合金中硅、锰、钨、钼、铬、钛、铝、铁和锆等元素

采用ICP-AES法测定GH3128合金中硅、锰、钨、钼、铬、钛、铝、铁、锆等多种合金元素。系统研究了各元素4条分析谱线的光谱干扰情况,根据光谱干扰研究结果和分析谱线的灵敏度、信背比以及等效离子浓度等进行了分析线的选择。采用柠檬酸络合钨,基体匹配法消除共存元素干扰,效果良好。     

钛和锆元素对自保护药芯焊丝熔敷金属组织和力学性能的影响

在自行研制的锰-镍-钼-铬系自保护药芯焊丝化学成分的基础上同时加入质量分数分别为0.09%和0.045%的钛和锆元素研制出一种新型焊丝,采用该焊丝以及未加入钛、锆元素的焊丝对Q235钢进行焊接试验,研究了钛和锆元素对熔敷金属显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对钛和锆元素的作用机理进行了讨论。结果表明:加入微合金元素钛和锆后,熔敷金属的组织更细小,针状铁素体含量更多,但硬度变化不大,抗拉强度和伸长率较未加入微合金元素的分别提高了7%和13%,-20℃冲击韧性提高了1.42倍;微量钛元素的加入能够起到脱氧、脱氮和促进针状铁素体形核的作用;微量锆元素的加入能够起到脱氧和细化组织的作用。     

密闭消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铝土矿中锂、锶、镓、铌、钽、锆和铪

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱,硝酸-氢氟酸增压密闭消解样品,实现了铝土矿中锂、锶、镓、铌、钽、锆和铪的同时测定。实验中探讨了最佳的消解程序,选择适当的同位素,并用铑、铼做内标元素,有效地抑制了分析信号的漂移。各元素的检出限在0.02～1.00μg.g-1,相对标准偏差在0.63%～1.63%,Nb,Ta,Hf的回收率在99.2%～99.6%;该方法经国家标准物质（GBW07177,GBW07182,GBW07180）验证,各元素测试结果与真值很接近。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法快速测定铝合金中多元素

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法快速测定铝合金中硅、铁、铜、镁、铬、锰、锌、镍、钛、锆等多元素。采用王水、氢氟酸溶解,分别用标准溶液和铝合金标样(粉末)配制曲线,进行结果比对,得到工作曲线。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铬铁矿中5种主量元素

借助偏硼酸锂于1000℃熔融消解铬铁矿,超声波振荡提取,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铬铁矿中主量组分铬、硅、铁、镁、铝。5个元素的检出限为0.003~0.020μg/mL。采用基体匹配减少基体效应干扰,通过对国家一级铬铁矿标准物质GBW07820、GBW07202等测定验证,硅、铁、镁、铝测定值和标准值吻合,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为:0.78~1.67%,加标回收率为101.6~105.3%。适于铬铁矿中SiO2、TFe、MgO、Al2O3等4种常量组分的定量分析。过氧化钠熔融消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法能够对铬进行定量分析。     

锆中杂质元素光谱分析

本文将锆转化为氧化锆，试要产与标样均按ＺｒＯ２：Ｃ：Ｇａ２Ｏ３：ＣＯ３Ｏ４：Ｉｎ２Ｏ３＝１０６．５：１００：２：２．５：２的比例研磨均匀，装入小孔石墨电极中，直流电弧，阳极激发，一次摄谱，可同时测定锆中铪，硅，铁，镁，锰，铬，铝、钛钒等１１种垢精密度，准确度均能满足分析要求。     

特种合金中铝的比色测定

特种合金(Nb9%,Mo15%,W17%)的镍基、钴基合金(A10.02～2%)试样经盐酸—硝酸混酸分解,用高氯酸冒烟,盐酸挥发除铬后,在酸性(PH3.5)介质中以铜试剂分离铁、镍、钴、铜、钨、钼、钒、铌和大部分铬、锰、钛等干扰元素,残余的铁(Ⅲ)、镍、铜用 Zn—EDTA 掩蔽,钴用甘露醇掩蔽,用铬天青 S 作显色剂,比色测定铝。本法准     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.