基于离散余弦变换的图像光照校正方法

提出了一种基于对数域离散余弦变换的图像光照校正算法。该算法对彩色图像的R,G,B三个分量分别进行预处理,对图像做DCT变换,结合同态滤波思想,通过操作低频分量实现对彩色图像的光照校正。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对待测图像的光照变化进行校正。     

基于图像配准的扫描电镜图像误差校正

扫描电子显微镜(SEM)是表征纳米材料和纳米结构的重要测量仪器。扫描电镜在环境的影响下会产生图像失真,尤其在微纳尺度范围内会产生较大的测量误差。为了修正SEM图像的测量误差,提出基于图像配准的图像误差校正方法。该方法采用基于特征属性的图像配准技术,通过加速稳健特征算法提取图像特征点并构造描述矢量,建立失真图像的空间变换模型,从而恢复样品的真实图像。实验证明该方法能够有效地校正扫描电镜图像,提高样品形貌观测的准确性和精度。     

改进的基于压缩感知的单幅图非均匀校正

针对单幅图非均匀校正中小波变换不能分解红外图像中相当丰富的高频子带以及正则化正交匹配追踪(ROMP)重构算法需要已知红外图像的稀疏度等问题,提出了一种基于小波包变换结合稀疏度自适应压缩采样匹配追踪算法(Co Sa SAMP)实现对图像的重构,从而达到校正图像的目的。该方法利用小波包变换对原图像稀疏,将点样本矩阵作为测量矩阵,提取原红外图像的25%数据,利用改进的中值直方图算法校正提取的数据,然后利用Co Sa SAMP重构图像。研究结果表明:与基于小波变换压缩感知的非均匀校正相比,本算法在均方根误差、峰值信噪比方面都得到了进一步的改善,均方根误差降低了30%左右,列间均值更加接近理想校正图像效果,图像重构质量好。     

一种数字图像几何畸变的自动校正方法

通过分析数字图像几何畸变产生的机制,提出一种数字图像几何畸变自动校正的方法.该方法首先利用大津算法和Radon变换提取几何畸变的图像边缘轮廓,利用轮廓顶点坐标,计算矩形的纵横比;然后求得畸变校正矩阵,对畸变图像进行校正;最后利用印刷体数字识别算法判断是否需要对校正后的图像进行旋转.实验表明,该方法能够快速有效地识别畸变图像轮廓,校正结果令人满意,鲁棒性强,具有较高的实用价值.     

图像拼接中相机镜头非线性畸变的校正

为满足大尺寸图像无缝拼接的需要,提出了数字相机镜头非线性畸变的高精度校正方法.分析了现有棋盘格图像特征点检测算法的不足,提出了一种新的基于棋盘格图像结构特征的特征点检测算法.该算法巧妙地利用棋盘格图像的像素点相对于方格交点对称、相对于方格交线反对称这一特点,计算交点附近区域每一像素点的对称度和反对称度,并以此为依据来判定特征点的准确位置.将该算法与多项式变换技术以及双线性插值技术相结合,提出了数字相机图像非线性畸变的精确校正方法.实验结果表明,校正后图像的横向误差均值为0.43个像素,纵向坐标误差均值为0.36个像素.该方法精度高、计算简单,对噪声、透视、畸变等鲁棒性强,便于特征点检测的自动化处理.通过对实际地图图像的校正和拼接处理,证明了该方法的有效性.     

圆柱曲面透视投影失真的图像校正

针对机器视觉系统中透视投影导致的钢管、桥梁拉索等圆柱表面缺陷测量不准的问题,提出了一种圆柱曲面透视投影失真的图像校正方法。该方法在提取圆柱成像区域、明确横向和轴向方向的基础上,基于圆柱曲面的透视投影特性,将产生的失真分解为轴向变形和横向变形,利用系统成像参数和圆柱半径建立校正图像与原图像的坐标对应关系,通过最邻近插值法进行像素映射实现透视投影失真校正。实验结果表明,该方法对不同直径圆柱的图像均有良好的校正效果,校正后的图像消除了圆柱曲面“近大远小”透视变形和倾斜投影变形;进行棋盘格模拟校正时,6个圆柱棋盘格边长的测量误差从校正前最高的14.9%降低至校正后的1.2%;进行划痕测量时,两种直径的原图像的最大误差分别为78.0%与61.8%,经本文方法校正后,两种直径的最大误差仅为5.9%与5.5%,校正效果显著。     

基于机器视觉的输送带图像校正和故障检测算法研究

为了消除基于机器视觉的输送带故障在线监测系统中采集图像的不均匀光照影响,提高图像质量,检测出图像中的故障区域,提出了一种基于机器视觉的输送带图像校正和故障检测算法。该算法首先采用Butterworth低通滤波器对图像滤波,结合Retinex理论计算估计真实图像的背景,对图像进行灰度校正,得到校正后的图像;然后将机器视觉与生物视觉相结合,利用PCNN算法,对采集的图像进行检测,检测出故障区域。实验结果表明,算法能有效校正输送带表面图像,清晰检测出故障区域,具有很高的应用价值。     

基于Radon变换的电气连接器图像倾斜校正

电气连接器在拍摄的过程中不可避免会产生图像倾斜现象,倾斜的图像不利于图像特征分割,为解决图像倾斜问题,提出基于Radon变换的图像倾斜校正方法。该方法先利用边缘检测中的Sobel边缘检测算子检测图像边缘,再利用Radon变换检测倾斜图像的倾斜角,最后根据检测到的倾斜角利用双线性插值对图像进行旋转,最终完成倾斜图像的校正。经试验验证该算法处理速度快、适应性好,对噪声与污染不敏感。     

红外观察仪图像畸变的校正

通过对红外观察仪成像失真原因的分析,建立了一个非线性畸变校正的数学模型,该模型适用存在径向非线性失真的成像系统,并基于该模型对红外观察仪输出的图像进行了畸变校正,给出了实验结果,经过校正后的图像检测点的最大定位误差在1个像素以内。方案还具有可扩充性和可移植性。     

车牌照字符倾斜校正方法的研究

提出了一种车牌照字符倾斜的校正方法,该方法基于Hough变换和Radon变换.用Hough变换检测车牌照上下两边,并对水平倾斜的牌照进行水平校正,再用Radon变换检测字符垂直倾斜角度并进行垂直校正,实验结果表明车牌图像经过二次校正大大减少了字符切分的困难,有利于后面字符的正确识别.     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.