节流短管内制冷剂流动的两流体模型

制冷剂在短管内的两相节流过程存在显著的动力学和热力学非平衡特性。建立了描述节流短管内制冷剂两相流的六方程两流体模型,模型中考虑了相间速度滑移和温度滑移。计算表明,制冷剂在短管内比在毛细管(长管)内的闪蒸过程具有更大的相间速度滑移和温度滑移。对R134a在短管内的流量特性进行了预测,与试验数据偏差小于±20％。     

多级轴流式混输泵内气液两相流的数值计算

利用Fluent计算软件在多重参考坐标系下采用欧拉方法的双流体湍流模型计算多级轴流式泵内高含气状态下的三维气液两相流场。通过对绝对流速、叶轮相对流速、压力、气液两相分布及其相间滑移速度矢量的分析,探讨了气液两相介质在泵内的流动规律。通过与泵性能实验结果对比,验证了本文方法对气液两相轴流泵计算分析的有效性。     

透平叶轮内湿蒸汽凝结水滴流动的三维数值模拟

以水蒸汽为介质的透平膨胀机，其内部流场可能会出现湿蒸汽凝结现象，形成的水滴将进一步导致叶片损伤和机组效率降低。因此，研究透平叶轮内湿蒸汽凝结水滴的流动，对于评估叶片侵蚀损伤和气动设计，具有重要意义。本文在Euler-Lagrange两相流动模型的基础上，开发水滴示踪程序，用以捕捉三维流场中凝结水滴的运动轨迹。计算结果表明，该程序能较好地追踪水滴的运动及碰撞信息。     

气流式喷雾干燥过程的数值模拟

应用气液两相流理论和计算流体力学方法,结合气流式喷雾干燥的特点,建立了喷雾干燥塔内气液两相湍流流动的CFD模型.采用CFD软件对气流式喷雾干燥过程进行了非稳态数值模拟,对比分析了颗粒液滴喷射前后干燥塔内的温度场和含湿量等参数分布及变化情况,研究了颗粒在塔内的运动轨迹及直径分布.     

润滑油中不凝结气体对滑动轴承间隙流场特性影响研究

油润滑滑动轴承是大型旋转机械中承担转子动静载荷的重要部件,在间隙内动压与空化效应并存,形成复杂的气液两相流场,其特性直接影响轴承宏观性能及设备安全稳定运行。在现场工作条件下,润滑油通常含有一定量的不凝结气体(Non-condensable gas,NCG),不仅会使油品物性参数偏离标称性能,也会参与气液两相间的传质过程。基于轴承间隙内润滑油的流动特点,提出了流场中存在动压-空化耦合关系,并结合气液混合相模型及全空化模型对间隙内三维流场进行数值求解。结果表明:在NCG的影响下,流场特性的演化具有阶段性,在不同的NCG质量分数区间内流场特性表现不同;最大压力、最大气体体积分数及承载力的幅值随NCG质量分数的变化是非单调的,存在有最大值;压力场、相态场的分布面积、位置及承载力的方向随NCG质量分数变化而发生偏移。     

新型近红外矩形差压流量计的测量模型研究

针对目前气液两相流不分离测量的难点,设计了一种基于近红外光谱技术与矩形差压流量计相结合的新型气液两相流检测装置。利用CFD流体仿真软件对影响流量计性能的结构参数进行了仿真及优化,在单相流动和气液两相动态实验的基础上,建立了相含率测量模型,修正后液相含率测量误差低于3.5%。在液相流量大于2m~3/h时,对分相流模型进行修正,得到的总流量测量误差低于4.5%。建立了两相差压与Fr_g、Frl的关系,结合相含率测量模型得到总流量测量模型,其中弹状流总流量误差低于6.5%,泡状流总流量误差低于1.5%。实验结果表明该装置用于气液两相流不分离测量的可行性,对工业领域的生产具有重要参考意义。     

末级静叶片除湿流动的数值研究

在叶栅流道内,因流道几何形状及汽流流动的复杂性,使湿蒸汽的流动及湿蒸汽与流道的相互作用呈现多样性.水滴与叶片之间的液固动力学作用,水滴与汽相之间的汽液两相动力学作用,使水滴所发生的物理现象多样化,因而叶栅流道内的汽液流动损失也是非常复杂的.文中对末级静叶开设除湿沟槽的流场进行了气液耦合计算.通过对计算的结果分析,讨论了壁面附近液滴的运动特点及除湿槽附近气流流动的特点.     

多喷嘴气—液两相喷射过程的试验

近年来国内外学者在气—液喷射技术方面开展了大量的工作,但这些研究采用的工作蒸汽主要是干饱和蒸汽和过热蒸汽,关于湿蒸汽的研究较少,然而在实际工业中,相当一部分低压蒸汽是具有一定干度的湿蒸汽。为此,设计以湿蒸汽为工作蒸汽试验台,采用一种多喷嘴结构的汽液喷射器作为试验元件,对气—液两相喷射过程进行试验研究,得到不同蒸汽干度下,喷射器内的压力变化及蒸汽压力和低温水温度对喷射器内气、液两相混合均匀程度的影响。结果表明,蒸汽干度未明显影响混合室内的压力分布规律;水喷嘴出口处压力和混合室圆柱段入口处压力均在某蒸汽压力时达到极小值,且该蒸汽压力值大于喷射器的最佳蒸汽压力;提高蒸汽压力或增大低温水温度有助于混合室内气、液两相流体混合均匀。     

双列螺旋槽液膜密封的相变流动特性

为研究高速、低温工况下的液膜密封气液两相流现象,基于均相流体理论,构建了液膜密封相变模型,分析了流体膜两相流动特性和工况参数对相态转变的影响.结果表明:流动空间发散是槽区相变的主要因素,相变的吸热散热导致温度场显著变化;转速升高时,流体动压增强,温度升高,相变范围扩展,相变速率增大;介质温度升高使流体动压减弱,汽化吸热...     

离心泵内部空化流动的定常数值模拟及性能预测

为了研究离心泵内部的空化流动,利用fluent软件中的空蚀模型及混合流体两相流模型,对离心泵的三维湍流空蚀流场进行定常数值模拟,根据模拟计算结果显示的液相和空泡相流动特征,预测了离心泵在设计工况下运行时流道内空化发生的位置和程度;通过分析空蚀发生过程中叶片上的压力分布,揭示出离心泵流道内部流场的内在特性,最后对泵的性能进行了预测,说明数值模拟可以为离心泵在特定工况下运行时的空化性能预测提供依据。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.