170℃高温用Fe3O4磁性液体的制备及其性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备了油酸包覆Fe3O4磁性颗粒,经过非离子表面活性剂的二次包覆后,将其均匀分散于具有优良耐高温性能的PAO合成油中,制成了合成油基Fe3O4磁性液体,将该磁性液体在大气环境中进行170℃长时间加热处理,对其密度、粘度、饱和磁化强度及挥发速率进行了测试,并用透射电镜进行形貌观察.结果表明:磁性颗粒呈球形,粒径在10nm左右;合成油基Fe3O4磁性液体随加热时间的延长,密度缓慢增加并逐渐趋于平缓,粘度快速增加,饱和磁化强度变幅仅为0.4%,挥发速率逐渐下降.     

纳米磁性液体的制备技术

文中对纳米磁性液体从概念、构成及性能上进行了综述研究,并在此基础上对纳米磁性液体的制备技术进行了探讨。用化学共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4磁性液体过程中,磁性粒子的纯度、稳定性和表面活性剂的控制问题是技术关键。     

硅油基纳米Fe_3O_4磁性液体的制备

采用化学共沉淀法,成功制备了纳米Fe3O4微粒,主要研究了Fe2+与Fe3+不同物质的量比对Fe3O4微粒、粒径及磁化强度的影响,采用不同表面活性剂制备了硅油基纳米Fe3O4磁性液体。结果表明:Fe2+与Fe3+物质的量比对Fe3O4微粒性能影响显著,对微粒尺寸影响不大,均为纳米级,当Fe2+与Fe3+物质的量比为0.6时,其饱和磁化强度达到最大,为52.1 A.m2.kg-1;在无水乙醇中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的分散效果虽优于油酸,但与硅油相溶性差、增粘作用明显的缺点限制了PVP的使用;而油酸由于亲油性好,更适合作为制备硅油基Fe3O4磁性液体的表面活性剂。     

超声波技术在Fe3O4磁粒子制备中的应用

为制备磁粒子足够细小、均匀且稳定的磁性液体,将超声波技术引入Fe3O4磁粒子制备过程中,研究了化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4磁粒子的不同阶段超声波功率对颗粒大小及磁性能的影响.结果表明:在共沉淀阶段引入超声波功率(40W)制备的Fe3O4磁粒子不易团聚,均匀细小;在包覆阶段引入超声波功率(40W)使表面活性剂在Fe3O4磁粒子表面形成稳定包覆层;在最佳条件下所制备Fe3O4磁粒子的平均粒径为10nm左右.     

纳米Fe3 O4 磁性液体的稳定性研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4磁性粉体,采用球磨分散法将磁性粉体分散于水溶液中,制得稳定分散的纳米Fe3O4磁性液体。实验中用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对纳米粉体进行表面处理和分散,主要研究球磨时间、溶液pH值和表面活性剂的用量对Fe3O4磁性液体稳定性的影响,从理论上对纳米粒子在水溶液中的分散稳定性进行了分析。结果表明:球磨时间、分散剂种类和用量以及溶液的pH值对磁性液体的稳定性有很重要的影响;在酸性条件下,球磨时间为4~5 h,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵用量为Fe3O4粉体用量的8%时,制得的磁性液体分散稳定性效果较好;表面活性剂在粒子表面起到了保护作用,抑制了粒子团聚长大,同时在溶液中还起到了分散作用,使得磁性液体具有较好的稳定性。     

Fe_3O_4/MnO_2磁性复合颗粒的制备及表征

以纳米Fe3O4颗粒为核,分别采用液相沉积法和溶胶一凝胶法两种方法将MnO2包覆在其上制备了Fe3O4/MnO2磁性复合颗粒,并借助XRD、TEM、FTIR和VSM等手段分别对纳米Fe3O4颗粒和两种复合颗粒进行表征.结果表明:采用液相沉积法进行包覆可生成以多个纳米Fe3O4颗粒为核、粒径约为200 nm的近球形Fe3O4/MnO2磁性复合颗粒,其饱和磁化强度为24.4 kA·m-1;采用溶胶-凝胶法进行包覆则生成以单个纳米Fe3O4颗粒为核、粒径约为50 nm的磁性复合颗粒,包覆层为絮状MnO2,其饱和磁化强度为16.5 kA·m-1.     

沉淀氧化法制备Fe3O4磁性粒子的研究

在以沉淀氧化法制备不同粒径大小、高比饱和磁化强度的Fe3O4磁性粒子过程中,用NaNO3,NaClO3和KMnO4代替传统的空气作氧化剂氧化Fe（OH）2.本文研究了各种工艺因素对所得Fe3O4磁性粒子的粒径和比饱和磁化强度的影响,结果表明：氧化剂氧化能力和反应液pH值是影响Fe3O4磁性粒子粒径的主要因素.与采用空气氧化制备Fe3O4磁性粒子不同,采用NaNO3和NaClO3为氧化剂制备的Fe3O4磁性粒子形态不受pH值变化的影响,均为球形,且在粒径大小相近的情况下,比饱和磁化强度明显高于以空气氧化所制备的Fe3O4磁性粒子.     

阴离子表面活性剂分散制备水基磁流体

用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米级Fe2O4磁性粒子，用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）对所制备的磁性粒子进行表面处理和溶液中分散处理制得稳定分散的Fe3O4磁流体。实验研究球磨时间、表面活性的加入量、溶液的pH值以及磁流体的固含量等诸多因素对纳米Fe3O4包覆结构和磁流体稳定性的影响，并分析了这些因素的影响机制。结果表明，纳米磁流体的稳定性与球磨时间和pH值之间存在一定的相关性，而磁性粒子固含量和SDBS用量对其稳定性起主导作用，并且在一定固含量下，SDBS用量对纳米粒子包覆结构起着决定性作用。制得的样品经过HRTEM和XPS等手段的表征，表明SDBS以化学和物理吸附在纳米Fe3O4粒子表面形成了Fe-O-S化学键，并以多层吸附的形式通过静电作用和空间位阻作用有效防止纳米粒子团聚，制得了稳定分散的纳米Fe3O4磁流体。     

磁致驱动人工肌肉用Fe_3O_4纳米粉的制备及表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备了用于磁致驱动人工肌肉的Fe3O4纳米粉,经正交试验得到了最佳制备工艺参数,用XRD、TEM及振动样品磁强计等对其进行了表征。结果表明：产物平均粒径为9．7nm,饱和磁化强度为60．9A·m^2·kg^-1,具有超顺磁性;用Fe3O4纳米粉制备的磁致驱动人工肌肉的表面比用分析纯Fe3O4制备的表面更加平滑、颗粒分布更趋均匀。     

纳米Fe3O4磁流体的制备及其影响因素研究

通过液相共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4水基磁流体,选择油酸作为表面活性剂,获得油酸包覆的Fe3O4纳米粉,将其分散于有机溶剂中,制备了纳米Fe3O4有机基磁流体。采用X-Ray衍射分析仪和粒径分布仪分析了生成物的结构和粒径分布;用FT-IR和高分辨透射电镜表征了生成物的成分和形貌。结果表明:制得的立方晶体纳米Fe3O4平均粒径为16.3 nm,FT-IR图谱中1 593、1 736和2 926 cm-1等处的吸收峰很强烈,这充分说明该纳米粒子被油酸很好地包覆;选择油酸作为表面活性剂,起到表面改性和萃取出纳米粒子的作用;制得的油酸包覆纳米Fe3O4粒子能够稳定分散于有机溶剂中。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.