基于堆叠稀疏自编码的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对机械设备故障数据大容量、多样性的特点,提出一种基于堆叠稀疏自编码(SSAE)的滚动轴承故障智能诊断方法。使用自动编码器(AE)逐层训练网络,从海量数据中自适应地学习各类故障的特征表达,再通过有监督的反向传播算法优化整个网络,最终将特征输入softmax分类器实现滚动轴承健康状况精确诊断。在动力传动故障诊断试验台采集了5类轴承故障数据进行测试。试验结果表明:SSAE算法能够有效地提取故障特征,且故障诊断效果优于传统智能诊断方法。     

基于ISSAE和XGBoost的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

为了提高滚动轴承的故障诊断准确率,并增强诊断模型的抗噪性能,提出了一种基于改进堆栈稀疏自编码(ISSAE)网络和极端梯度提升(XGBoost)相结合的轴承故障诊断方法(ISSAE网络将多个稀疏自编码(SAE)网络堆叠,增强了自编码网络提取数据深层特征的能力,通过改进网络损失函数提高了网络抗噪性能)。首先,将轴承测量信号输入到使用Adam算法优化的ISSAE网络中;网络对输入信号进行重构并自行学习,提取出了测量信号的内在特征。然后,将特征值输入到XGBoost模型中,通过网格搜索法调节参数,对故障诊断分类器模型进行了训练。最后,将轴承故障测试集输入到训练好的ISSAE-XGBoost模型中,完成了对故障类型的自动识别;采用多个实验平台的不同轴承实验数据,验证了该算法的有效性和适用性。研究结果表明:相比于SSAE-XGBoost和ISSAE-SVM算法,该方法对轴承故障识别率高、适用性强,在大样本数量情况下,识别率达到99%以上,即使在样本数量较少时,也具有较高的识别准确率;该算法通过在网络中改进损失函数,可使模型抑制微小扰动的干扰,对含有噪声的测量信号,仍能保持较高的故障诊断准确率。     

一种振动信号降噪的堆叠降噪自编码器方法

为了解决振动信号降噪问题,提出一种基于堆叠降噪自编码器的方法.结合PReLU激活函数和批标准化对传统堆叠降噪自编码器进行改进,增强了模型的特征提取和信号重构能力.堆叠降噪自编码器方法使用编码器提取含噪振动信号中的特征,使用解码器进行信号重构,从而实现振动信号降噪.在正弦信号、调幅信号和轴承故障仿真信号下进行降噪实验,取...     

基于小波卷积自编码器和LSTM网络的轴承故障诊断研究

针对传统滚动轴承故障诊断方法过度依赖专家经验和故障特征提取困难的问题,结合深层神经网络处理高维、非线性数据的优势,提出了一种基于深层小波卷积自编码器(DWCAE)和长短时记忆网络(LSTM)的轴承故障诊断方法。首先构造了小波卷积自编码器(WCAE),改进了其损失函数,并加入了收缩项限制防止网络过拟合;其次将多个WCAE堆叠构成DWCAE,利用大量无标签样本对DWCAE进行了无监督预训练,挖掘出更有利于故障诊断的深层特征;最后利用深层特征训练LSTM网络,从而建立了诊断模型。仿真信号和实验数据分析结果表明:该方法能有效地对轴承进行多种故障类型和多种故障程度的识别,特征提取能力和识别能力优于人工神经网络、支持向量机等传统方法及深度信念网络、深层自编码器等深度学习方法。     

基于堆栈稀疏自编码器的齿轮箱故障诊断

针对当前齿轮箱故障诊断需要进行复杂的特征提取以及识别准确率不高等问题,提出了一种基于堆栈稀疏自编码器(SSAE)的齿轮箱故障诊断方法,采用时域分析对故障信号进行特征预处理,然后将其输入稀疏自编码器网络中进行特征优化以及降维,提取出表征信号本质信息的特征,最后将其输入到Softmax分类器中实现齿轮箱故障的分类。实验结果表明,该方法在相同工况和混合工况下的均能达到较高的识别精度,在混合工况下,其识别精度达到99.5%,高于文中提出的其他模型,因此该方法能有效地用于齿轮箱故障诊断。     

基于小波包去噪的循环自相关方法在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对在轴承故障诊断中提取到的信号(包含噪声干扰)及表现出的复杂调制特性,采用小波包方法对信号进行降噪处理,以提高数据的准确度和精度,采用循环自相关的方法进行信号的解调处理,有效的提取故障特征频率。结果表明,用仿真信号将小波包降噪结合循环自相关方法应用于滚动轴承的内、外圈及滚动体的故障诊断,可以有效地提取出轴承的故障特征频率。     

基于FFT-SDAE的地铁牵引电机轴承故障智能诊断

针对地铁牵引电机轴承故障诊断中因工况复杂影响人工提取特征效果的问题,提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)和堆叠降噪自编码器(Stacked Denoising Auto Encoder,SDAE) (FFT-SDAE)的地铁牵引电机轴承故障智能诊断方法.首先,使用大量无标签数据预训练深度自编码器的特征提取能力,自适应提取轴承故障特征;然后,通过小样本有标签数据微调网络学习分类性能,搭建地铁牵引电机轴承的FFT-SDAE网络模型;最后,通过试验研究FFT-SDAE网络结构对轴承故障诊断准确率的影响,选取最佳网络参数.试验结果表明,在变转速和变载荷的情况下,所提方法可以很好地提取故障的深层特征,在使用工况较复杂的数据集时,所提方法的诊断准确率优于传统的故障诊断方法.     

基于EEMD与空域相关降噪的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障信号非平稳、非线性,强噪声的特点,提出了一种将集成经验模态分解(EEMD)和空域相关降噪相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先采用EEMD对滚动轴承故障信号进行分解,得到若干个IMF分量,其次,采用峭度—度量因子准则筛选出有效的IMF分量进行信号重构,然后,采用空域相关降噪方法对重构信号进行降噪处理,最后,提取降噪后信号的故障特征频率对轴承故障进行诊断。采用建立的方法对某轴承内圈、外圈故障实验数据进行了分析与诊断,结果表明,方法能够有效克服信号分解的模态混叠效应,对故障信号噪声抑制效果明显,并能准确有效地提取出轴承的故障特征频率,实现对滚动轴承故障的精确诊断。     

基于SSAE的滚动轴承故障的分类预测

本文提出了一种基于堆栈稀疏自编码器(SSAE)的滚动轴承故障类别的自动识别方法。将原始轴承信号进行截断处理,既保留了有用信息,又扩充了样本数量,有利于神经网络的训练。采用双层SAE神经网络模型,结合softmax分类器,完成对轴承故障类别的自动识别,通过对比实验表明,本文所提方法稳定有效,且准确率高。     

稀疏自编码深度神经网络及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对目前滚动轴承故障诊断主要采用监督式学习提取故障特征的现状,提出了一种基于稀疏自编码的深度神经网络,实现非监督学习自动提取滚动轴承振动信号的内在特征用于滚动轴承故障诊断。首先,将轴承故障振动信号的频谱训练稀疏自编码获得参数;然后用稀疏自编码获得的参数和轴承振动信号频谱的频谱训练深度神经网络,并结合反向传播算法对深度神经网络进行整体微调提高分类准确度;最后用训练好的深度神经网络来识别滚动轴承故障。对正常轴承、外圈点蚀故障、内圈点蚀故障和滚动体裂纹故障振动信号的分析结果表明:相比反向传播神经网络,提出的深度神经网络更能准确的识别滚动轴承故障类型。     

基于时变零相位滤波的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断

针对变转速下齿轮箱中滚动轴承故障调制特征的提取与分离,提出了基于时变零相位滤波的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法先用线调频小波路径追踪(CPP)算法从齿轮箱滚动轴承故障振动信号中估计出齿轮啮合频率,由啮合频率除以齿数得到齿轮箱的转速,同时,采用Hilbert包络解调方法获取轴承故障振动信号的包络信号;然后根据获取的转速信息设计各阶时变零相位滤波器;再采用各时变零相位滤波器对包络信号进行分析,获取各调制信号;最后,利用转速信号对求取的各调制信号进行阶次分析,并根据各阶次谱来诊断滚动轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例分析表明,该方法可有效提取和分离变速齿轮箱中滚动轴承的各阶故障调制特征。     

小波变换在滚动轴承故障分析中的应用

采用离散小波变换对滚动轴承进行故障诊断,通过对测试到的故障轴承的振动速度信号进行分析,分别绘出故障信号的频谱图,对结果进行分析比较表明,离散小波分析技术在滚动轴承内圈及滚动体故障特征频率提取方面有较大的优越性。     

一种残差注意力迁移学习方法及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于残差注意力卷积神经网络(CSRA-CNN)的迁移学习算法,用于提高滚动轴承的故障诊断精度。在卷积神经网络模型中加入残差注意力机制,使模型在训练过程中更加注重故障特征的提取,从而有效提高迁移准确率。为了测评基于残差注意力卷积神经网络的性能,将其与传统卷积神经网络在不同迁移学习策略下的结果进行对比。用动力传动故障诊断综合实验台和高速列车综合实验台对所提算法进行了验证,该方法可以完成变转速以及变转速变载荷下轴承不同健康状态的迁移学习,且迁移效果均优于传统的卷积神经网络。     

基于路图拉普拉斯算子范数和马氏距离的滚动轴承故障诊断

为有效提取滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征,将图信号处理技术引入故障诊断领域。首先根据滚动轴承振动信号构造路图,获得路图信号;再将计算得到的路图拉普拉斯算子范数作为特征参数,构造不同故障的标准特征空间;最后通过测试样本与标准特征空间的马氏距离实现不同故障模式的识别。实测滚动轴承振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法能有效诊断轴承故障。     

Rolling bearing fault diagnosis using adaptive deep belief network with dual-tree complex wavelet packet

Automatic and accurate identification of rolling bearing fault categories, especially for the fault severities and compound faults, is a challenge in rotating machinery fault diagnosis. For this purpose, a novel method called adaptive deep belief network (DBN) with dual-tree complex wavelet packet (DTCWPT) is developed in this paper. DTCWPT is used to preprocess the vibration signals to refine the fault characteristics information, and an original feature set is designed from each frequency-band signal of DTCWPT. An adaptive DBN is constructed to improve the convergence rate and identification accuracy with multiple stacked adaptive restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs). The proposed method is applied to the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. The results confirm that the proposed method is more effective than the existing methods.     

基于LMD能量特征的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的多载波多调制特性,提出一种基于局域均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD)能量特征的特征向量提取方法,并与支持向量机相结合用于滚动轴承的故障诊断。首先,采用LMD方法将复杂调制振动信号分解为若干单分量信号乘积函数(production function,简称PF);然后,对反映信号主要特征的PF基于时间轴积分,得到各PF分量能量矩并构造特征向量;最后,将其输入多分类支持向量机中,用于区分滚动轴承的故障类型与故障程度。对滚动轴承内圈故障、外圈故障及滚动体故障振动信号的分析结果表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承各工作状态信号的故障特征,能准确识别故障类型,同时对故障程度的判断表现出较高的识别率。     

Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing using principal component analysis and support vector machine

To effectively extract the fault feature information of rolling bearings and improve the performance of fault diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on principal component analysis and support vector machine was presented, and the rolling bearings signals with different fault states were collected. To address the limitation on effectively dealing with the raw vibration signals by the traditional signal processing technology based on Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition was employed to extract the features of bearing faults such as outer ring flaking, inner ring flaking, roller flaking and normal condition. Compared with the previous literature on fault diagnosis using principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM), one-to-one and one-to-many algorithms were taken into account. Additionally, the effect of four kernel functions, such as liner kernel function, polynomial kernel function, radial basis function and hyperbolic tangent kernel function, on the performance of SVM classifier was investigated, and the optimal hype-parameters of SVM classifier model were determined by genetic algorithm optimization. PCA was employed for dimension reduction, so as to reduce the computational complexity. The principal components that reached more than 95 % cumulative contribution rate were extracted by PCA and were input into SVM and BP neural network classifiers for identification. Results show that the fault feature dimensionality of the rolling bearing is reduced from 8-dimensions to 5-dimensions, which can still characterize the bearing status effectively, and the computational complexity is reduced as well. Compared with the raw feature set, PCA has a higher fault diagnosis accuracy (more than 97 %), and a shorter diagnosis time relatively. To better verify the superiority of the proposed method, SVM classification results were compared with the results of BP neural network. It is concluded that SVM classifier achieved a better performance than BP neural network classifier in terms of the classification accuracy and time-cost.     

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings with recurrent neural network-based autoencoders

As the rolling bearings being the key part of rotary machine, its healthy condition is quite important for safety production. Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing has been research focus for the sake of improving the economic efficiency and guaranteeing the operation security. However, the collected signals are mixed with ambient noise during the operation of rotary machine, which brings great challenge to the exact diagnosis results. Using signals collected from multiple sensors can avoid the loss of local information and extract more helpful characteristics. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) is a type of artificial neural network which can deal with multiple time sequence data. The capacity of RNN has been proved outstanding for catching time relevance about time sequence data. This paper proposed a novel method for bearing fault diagnosis with RNN in the form of an autoencoder. In this approach, multiple vibration value of the rolling bearings of the next period are predicted from the previous period by means of Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-based denoising autoencoder. These GRU-based non-linear predictive denoising autoencoders (GRU-NP-DAEs) are trained with strong generalization ability for each different fault pattern. Then for the given input data, the reconstruction errors between the next period data and the output data generated by different GRU-NP-DAEs are used to detect anomalous conditions and classify fault type. Classic rotating machinery datasets have been employed to testify the effectiveness of the proposed diagnosis method and its preponderance over some state-of-the-art methods. The experiment results indicate that the proposed method achieves satisfactory performance with strong robustness and high classification accuracy.     

基于双时域变换和稀疏编码收缩的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征微弱、在噪声和谐波干扰下难以有效提取的问题，提出了联合双时域(DTD)变换和稀疏编码收缩(SCS)的故障诊断方法。首先对原始信号进行双时域变换，将双时域变换谱的对角序列作为重构信号；然后对重构信号进行稀疏编码收缩，减小噪声与低频杂波的干扰；最后对降噪信号做包络谱分析，提取故障特征频率，判定故障类型，实现故障诊断。对仿真信号、实验信号、工程信号的分析结果表明，该方法可有效提取轴承早期故障信号中的微弱故障特征，准确判断故障类型。     

基于改进最大相关峭度解卷积的滚动轴承复合故障诊断

强背景噪声环境下,多故障特征的准确分离是滚动轴承复合故障诊断的关键与难点。针对此问题,提出了一种改进最大相关峭度解卷积的滚动轴承复合故障诊断方法。该方法基于故障信号的特点,利用最大相关峭度解卷积实现信号中的多故障特征分离,借助改进的粒子群算法对参数进行优化选取;利用互相关谱进一步突出信号中的故障特征,提高信噪比。仿真信号和实测滚动轴承内、外圈复合故障信号的分析表明,所提方法能够准确提取出滚动轴承复合故障特征,借助互相关谱的噪声抑制能力,能实现比单一MCKD方法更为有效的故障特征提取。