一种基于容错和扰动补偿的列车制动控制策略研究

针对列车制动系统抗干扰性能不够和容错机制欠缺的问题,提出了一种基于容错和扰动补偿的列车制动控制策略。该策略基于对列车制动系统进行故障检测、差值补偿以及故障容错,构建了列车制动控制系统模型。该模型通过引入参照系统,为制动控制器提供控制目标参数,并利用观测器对制动过程中无法测量的动态摩擦力进行较为准确的估算。仿真分析表明,该控制系统模型具有误差小、抗干扰性能好的优势。     

基于干扰观测器的机械臂自适应模糊滑模控制

机械臂在轨迹跟踪控制中存在建模误差和外界干扰等问题。为了提高机械臂轨迹跟踪的精度和速度,设计了一种基于干扰观测器的机械臂自适应模糊滑模控制策略。首先,使用新型趋近律来减小机械臂滑模控制系统中抖振的影响;其次,采用干扰观测器对机械臂建模误差和外界干扰进行估计,根据干扰观测器的观测值对机械臂的输入力矩进行补偿;最后,对于无法观测的部分,采用模糊系统中的万能逼近原理对未知的干扰进行估计,进一步提高机械臂的轨迹跟踪性能。通过仿真试验表明,该控制策略不仅可以克服建模误差和外界干扰所带来的影响,还可以有效地削弱系统的抖振,保证了机械臂各关节位置跟踪的精度和速度。同时也说明了该控制策略的有正确性和有效性。     

考虑传感器与执行器故障的EPS主动容错控制

针对传感器及执行器故障对EPS助力性能的影响,提出一种EPS主动容错控制方法。建立含参数不确定性、传感器与执行器故障的EPS系统模型,将系统不确定性转化为故障估计误差系统的扰动,基于未知输入观测器及线性矩阵不等式推导故障估计误差系统稳定并对扰动具有鲁棒性的充分条件,采用LMI区域极点配置法提升故障估计性能;在此基础上,针对执行器故障设计控制律补偿容错控制算法,针对传感器故障设计信号重构容错控制算法。Matlab/Simulink环境下的仿真结果表明,当传感器与执行器单独或同时发生故障时,设计的故障估计算法均可较为准确地估计故障幅值,故障估计的误差较小;针对不同故障对助力性能的影响,提出的容错控制方法均可使故障EPS系统的助力性能有所恢复。基于LabVIEW PXI的硬件在环试验进一步验证容错控制应用于EPS系统的有效性,提升汽车转向行驶的安全性及可靠性。     

采用滑模观测器的机械臂故障检测与控制优化

针对复合干扰影响下机械臂的故障检测和控制精度问题,提出了一种基于滑模观测器的故障检测和控制优化方法.首先建立了带有电机故障、模型误差和机械摩擦等复合干扰的机械臂系统故障模型,然后设计了滑模观测器来实现在复合干扰下对电机故障的准确检测,最后引入滑模观测器对电机故障程度进行估计,并设计了反步容错控制方法,从而实现了对机械臂...     

基于非线性干扰观测器的自动弹仓终端滑模控制

针对某自动弹仓位置控制过程中的负载变化和不确定性干扰，设计了基于干扰观测器和非奇异快速终端滑模的复合控制策略，建立了自动弹仓的不确定性动力学模型。干扰观测器用于估计系统复合干扰，估计值用于补偿滑模控制器以增强控制器的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。运用Lyapunov准则证明了系统闭环稳定。所提算法和PID算法的对比实验结果显示，设计的控制律实现了自动弹仓位置的精确控制，具有良好的鲁棒性，有效提高了自动弹仓的定位稳定性。     

机械臂执行器故障重构与容错控制

为了提高机械臂系统鲁棒性、使系统在故障情况下能够正常运行,提出了基于滑膜控制的故障重构与容错控制方法。建立了机械臂系统动力学方程和执行器故障模型;设计了准连续高阶滑膜观测器,结合等效输出误差注入法给出了故障重构方法;提出了非奇异快速终端滑膜控制方法,求解滑膜面得到了容错控制律。经仿真验证,准连续高阶滑膜观测器可以快速、高精度重构执行器故障,同时避免了滑膜控制抖振问题;非奇异快速终端滑膜控制器可以在系统故障情况下快速跟踪期望轨迹,有效提高了机械臂系统鲁棒性。     

基于故障在线估计的欠驱动机械臂容错控制方法

为了提高机器人机械臂故障曲线跟踪准确性，本文设计了基于故障在线估计的欠驱动机械臂容错控制方法。分析机器人欠驱动机械臂关节故障原理，建立动力学模型实现对关节故障的检测。采用分散控制的思想将机器人欠驱动机械臂容错控制分为故障检测、信号重构、取代控制以及反馈控制四个部分，依据这四部分设计容错控制律，实现对速度信号与错误信息的实时反馈。在此基础上，通过干扰观测器实现控制律的干扰补偿，使容错控制后的机器人欠驱动机械臂具有抗外界干扰能力，以此完成控制方法设计。分析实验结果可知，所提方法不仅提高了故障曲线跟踪的准确性，减少了欠驱动机械臂容错控制后的稳态时间，满足了机器人欠驱动机械臂容错控制设计需求。     

基于优化自适应阈值的非线性机电系统传感器 故障检测和主动容错控制

针对具有参数不确定性和传感器故障的非线性机电系统,提出一种基于优化自适应阈值和故障重构策略的主动容错控制方法。首先,利用线性分式变换理论对存在参数不确定性的非线性机电系统进行建模,并提出基于粒子群优化算法的优化自适应阈值以提高参数不确定条件下的故障检测性能。其次,通过解析冗余关系推导出系统的动力学方程,并提出一种基于递归终端滑模的跟踪控制策略,以实现系统健康状态下的负载位置跟踪。当系统发生故障时,构建自适应滑模观测器进行传感器故障重构,根据重构结果设计自适应主动容错控制律,并利用故障检测结果进行控制律的实时切换。实验结果表明,所提出的故障检测和主动容错控制方法能在0.06 s内准确的实现传感器故障检测和容错控制,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于NDO的ROV滤波反步轨迹跟踪控制

针对作业型遥控水下机器人(ROV)在轨迹跟踪过程中存在模型非线性、强耦合、模型参数不确定和外界干扰不确定等问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器(NDO)的滤波自适应反步控制策略。使用NDO观测模型的不确定性和外界干扰,通过指令滤波器避免了直接对虚拟控制量解析求导的过程,利用自适应律补偿观测器观测残量。通过Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了跟踪误差系统的渐进稳定。仿真实验表明,设计的控制器能够实现精确的轨迹跟踪,具有较好的鲁棒特性。     

四辊卷板机侧辊位移跟踪控制

针对四辊卷板机侧辊位移跟踪控制存在负载变化、参数摄动和未建模动态等不确定性问题,提出一种基于非线性扰动观测器的自适应滑模控制策略。采用非线性扰动观测器在线获取并补偿等效扰动;针对引入非线性扰动观测器后的系统,采用反步法设计自适应滑模控制器,利用自适应律动态补偿扰动观测误差,以降低滑模控制器的切换增益。该设计方法放宽了滑模切换增益对系统不确定性上界的先验性要求,降低了外界干扰和系统不确定性对侧辊位移跟踪性能的影响。同时,采用李雅普洛夫方法证明了侧辊位移跟踪闭环控制系统的稳定性。根据工程实际参数进行仿真,结果表明,该控制策略对系统的不确定性,特别是负载变化具有较强的鲁棒性,可以满足侧辊位移快速、精确跟踪的要求。     

Reduced-order observer based fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for switched stochastic systems with actuator and sensor faults

This paper addresses the problems of fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a class of switched stochastic systems with sensor and actuator faults. A reduced-order fault estimation observer is designed to estimate the system states, actuator and sensor faults, simultaneously. In the observer design process, intermediate variables are introduced such that the differential information of the measurement output is not included in the designed observer. Compared with the existing results, the dimension of the proposed observer is reduced, and the sensor fault can be completely unknown and unbounded. An observer based fault-tolerant controller is designed to stabilize the switched stochastic systems. Under arbitrary switching signal, the designed observer and controller can ensure that both the estimation error system and the closed-loop system are mean-square exponentially stable with disturbance attenuation performance. At last, both a numerical example and a switched electrical circuit example verify the proposed method.     

Observer based fault tolerant control for a class of Two-PMSMs systems

In this paper, an observer-based state-feedback fault-tolerant controller is proposed for two coupling permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) system. The controller compensates the actuator faults and allows the system states to track the reference states corresponding to the output of the original two-PMSMs system. To design such a controller, the information of system actuator faults are required. Then, a robust adaptive observer is designed to estimate the system actuator faults firstly. Next, by setting the reference outputs the equilibrium control inputs and reference speeds are computed based on the mathematic model of the two-PMSMs system. Meanwhile, the variation dynamic model is derived. Additionally, the robust stability of the closed-looped system with fault-tolerant controller is analyzed via the Lyapunov theory and interval matrix. Sufficient stability conditions and the gain matrix of the fault-tolerant controller are obtained by solving the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer and fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme.     

Disturbance observer-based backstepping sliding mode fault-tolerant control for the hydro-turbine governing system with dead-zone input

This paper investigates a backstepping sliding mode fault-tolerant tracking control problem for a hydro-turbine governing system with consideration of external disturbances, actuator faults and dead-zone input. To reduce the effects of the unknown random disturbances, the nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to identify and estimate the disturbance term. To drastically decrease the complexity of stability functions selection and controller design, the recursive processes of the backstepping technique are employed. Additionally, based on the nonlinear disturbance observer and the backstepping technique, the sliding mode fault-tolerant tracking control approach is developed for the hydro-turbine governing system (HTGS). The stability of HTGS is rigorously demonstrated through Lyapunov analysis which is capable to satisfy a tracking control performance. Finally, comprehensive simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.     

空间机器人执行器部分失效故障的终端滑模容错控制

针对空间机器人在太空作业时执行器发生部分失效故障的问题，设计了一种基于非奇异终端滑模的分散容错控制方法。根据线动量守恒定律与拉格朗日法建立了系统的动力学方程，然后基于载体和关节的局部信息将系统进行分散，从而得到子系统的动力学方程;将子系统动力学方程中表示执行器故障程度的有效因子进行变量分离，再利用自适应分散神经网络对分离后的变量进行实时估计，根据估计结果在线设计控制律以消除执行器故障对系统稳定性的影响，保证良好的轨迹跟踪性能。通过Lyapunov函数法证明了该控制方案能保证整个闭环系统的渐进稳定性。仿真结果验证了控制方法的有效性。     

Robust fixed-time sliding mode controller for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle

An improved robust fixed-time sliding mode controller (RFSMC) is presented for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (FAHV) with actuator faults, composing of a novel fast fixed-time integral sliding surface (FFIS), a continuous fixed-time super-twisting-like reaching law (CFSTL) and a uniformly convergent observer. Firstly, the nonlinear control-oriented model of FAHV is processed via input/output feedback linearization with flexible effects and actuator faults modeling as matched Lipschitz disturbances. Secondly, a novel non-singular FFIS is established based on a fast fixed-time high-order regulator (FFTR), which is improved with two gains incorporating into standard fixed-time high-order regulator via dilation rescaling. The FFTR proposed can accelerate respond speed of system by tuning values of two gains simply without complicated parameters selection and the stability is proved strictly via Lyapunov criteria. Thirdly, a CFSTL is utilized to ensure high-precision convergence of sliding mode vector and its derivative in fixed time. Afterwards, a uniformly convergent observer is applied to estimate lumped disturbances accurately in fixed time. With the estimated values compensated into controller, RFSMC can enhance fault-tolerant performance and attenuate chattering efficiently. Finally, simulations on FAHV are performed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method proposed.     

Disturbance observer based fault estimation and dynamic output feedback fault tolerant control for fuzzy systems with local nonlinear models

This paper addresses the problems of fault estimation (FE) and fault tolerant control (FTC) for fuzzy systems with local nonlinear models, external disturbances, sensor and actuator faults, simultaneously. Disturbance observer (DO) and FE observer are designed, simultaneously. Compared with the existing results, the proposed observer is with a wider application range. Using the estimation information, a novel fuzzy dynamic output feedback fault tolerant controller (DOFFTC) is designed. The controller can be used for the fuzzy systems with unmeasurable local nonlinear models, mismatched input disturbances, and measurement output affecting by sensor faults and disturbances. At last, the simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Distributed fault-tolerant model predictive control for intermittent fault: A cooperative way

For intermittent actuator faults of large-scale system, a cooperative distributed fault-tolerant model predictive control (DFTMPC) is presented. The actuator plug and play strategy is adopted in the interconnected systems with physical coupling making fault estimation and controller redesign unnecessary. The actuator plug and play process is modeled as a distributed switching model, and there a theoretical stability analysis is provided with switching form of model predictive control (MPC) cost functions. The novel cooperative distributed fault-tolerant performance index is raised in a global view for distributed model predictive control. A simulation example is taken to show the e?ectiveness of the proposed method.     

四轮独立驱动EV侧向稳定性H∞鲁棒容错控制

为解决参数不确定性四轮独立驱动电动汽车发生执行器及传感器故障时车辆侧向稳定性控制问题,提出一种H_∞鲁棒容错控制方法。运用故障矩阵函数引入车辆连续性故障,建立了考虑执行器及传感器故障的二自由度车辆参数不确定性动力学模型。运用线性矩阵不等式求解方法设计车辆侧向稳定性H_∞鲁棒容错控制器,保证车辆动力学系统渐近稳定性及抗干扰能力,实现控制系统H_∞鲁棒性能满足给定的干扰衰减指标。搭建CarSim与MATLAB/Simulink联合仿真实验平台,验证控制器的有效性。仿真实验表明,所设计H_∞鲁棒容错控制器能有效提升了车辆的侧向稳定性及安全性,对车辆故障具有良好的容错控制能力。     

Fault tolerant control for modified quadrotor via adaptive type-2 fuzzy backstepping subject to actuator faults

In this paper, a robust attitude and position control of a novel modified quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) which has higher drive capability as well as greater robustness against actuator faults than conventional quad-rotor UAV has been developed. A robust backstepping controller with adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy logic is proposed to control the attitude and position of the modified quadrotor under actuator faults. Besides globally stabilizing the system amid other disturbances, the insensitivity to the model errors and parametric uncertainties are the asset of the backstepping approach. The adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy logic as fault observer can effectively estimate the lumped faults without the knowledge of their bounds for the modified quadrotor UAV. Additionally, the type-2 fuzzy systems are utilized to approximate the local nonlinearities of each subsystem under actuator faults, next and in order to achieve the expected tracking performance, we used Lyapunov theory stability and convergence analysis to online adjust adaptive laws. As a result, the uniformly ultimate stability of the modified quadrotor system is proved. Finally, the performances of the proposed control method are evaluated by simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the modified quadrotor in vertical flights in presence of actuator faults.