生物摩擦磨损润滑剂的润滑特性

关节转换已广泛应用于关节炎晚期治疗,外伤致残和滑瘤切除手术中。关节转换材料的耐磨性能会直接影响转换关节的使用寿命和使用质量。蒸馏水、盐水、血浆、血清等均被用作生物摩擦磨损研究的润滑剂,但是对这些润滑剂的润滑特性并未认真考察。本文应用ＴＬＴ－１型弹流试验台对血浆在内的几种生物摩擦磨损润滑剂的润滑特性进行了研究,结果表明血浆的润滑性能最好。     

摩擦系统数--运动粘度的多层神经网络计算模型研究

建立了预测磨损自补偿状态下润滑剂运动粘度对 45钢 /锡青铜副摩擦特性的影响规律的BP神经网络模型 ,该网络可较准确地预测润滑剂粘度对摩擦副摩擦系数的影响规律 ,为摩擦学设计的程序化计算和分析提供方便且有效的工具。     

摩擦系数—运动粘度的多层神经网络计算模型研究

建立了预测磨损自补偿状态下润滑剂运动粘度对４５钢／锡青铜副摩擦特性的影响规律的ＢＰ神经网络模型,该网络可较准确地预测润滑剂粘度对摩擦副摩擦系数的影响规律,为摩擦学设计的程序化计算和分析提供方便且有效的工具。     

润滑对齿轮变速箱使用寿命的影响（一）

润滑剂的特性对齿轮变速箱的工作性能和使用寿命有着严重的影响。有关润滑剂的特性必须通过对变速器及换档部件的实际试验来确定,以便在齿轮箱的设计阶段把这些特性考虑进去。本文就润滑剂对变速箱的主要部件如齿轮、同步器和多片离合器等工作性能及使用寿命的影响采用举例的方式来加以阐述。所有重要的齿面失效如点蚀、灰斑、胶合及其它磨损状况都受到润滑剂粘度和添加剂的影响。由于润滑剂的老化而发生的变化即粘度降低或添加剂失效等而使抗胶合强度和接触强度改变,这都是影响变速器部件使用寿命的因素。换档部件因润滑剂老化而引起的摩擦特性的改变而发生功能障碍。     

聚合物基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究进展

介绍了聚合物基复合材料结构与组成对其摩擦磨损特性影响方面的研究;分别讨论了不同聚合物基体、不同的填料及固体润滑剂对复合材料摩擦因数及磨损率的影响;讨论了表面处理技术、滑动速度、滑动距离、载荷、对磨面的特性及温度等条件对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响,并探讨了其摩擦、磨损机理.     

工业摩擦学 第四讲:润滑剂

具有能减少两个固体表面摩擦性质的物质统称为润滑剂。用得最为普遍的是石油基液体润滑剂。润滑剂分为液体、半固体(润滑脂)和固体三种。润滑剂使用的目的不仅是减少摩擦、防止咬合和减少磨损,而且能降低动力消耗、提高机械效率。在实际应用中还必须按不同要求具备如下的各种特殊功能:(1)减少摩擦:(2)减少磨损;(3)散热:(4)防止腐蚀;(5)电气绝缘;(6)力的传输;(7)缓冲作用;(8)去除异物;(9)密封作用等等。一、润滑剂理化性质名词简介1.粘度。它是润滑油的最基本特性,表示液体的摩擦阻力,即油的厚薄,常用的是运动粘度单位cst(厘沲)和动力粘度单位cp(厘泊)。此外尚有雷氏、赛氏、恩氏粘度等条件粘度。     

水基边界润滑剂的摩擦特性

本文介绍了采用Ｍ－２００摩擦磨损试验机在所给定的各级负荷下,对所合成的用于水基边界润滑系统的边界润滑剂,进行的摩擦特性的试验,结果表明：在以水为溶剂的边界润滑系统中,负荷对摩擦特性的影响有效地反映该系统的润滑性能的优劣,与大挂等人所测定的温度对边界润滑剂的摩擦特性影响具有同样的效果。     

Sn-Ag-Cu自润滑滚子轴承的高温摩擦学特性

采用真空熔渗技术制备Sn-Ag-Cu高温自润滑滚子;在滚珠隔离式无保持架高温平面推力轴承试验装置上,对自润滑滚子轴承的高温摩擦特性进行试验研究;应用SEM/EDS技术分析轴承滚道摩擦表面的形貌和成分,研究试验温度、润滑剂合金与轴承滚动摩擦磨损之间的关系。研究表明:在400～600℃温度范围内,轴承的摩擦因数随着温度的的升高逐渐降低,当温度达到润滑剂合金熔点600℃时,摩擦因数达到最低值0.024;当温度为400℃时,轴承滚道摩擦表面以黏着磨损为主;随着温度升高,自润滑材料中的润滑剂合金逐渐析出涂覆在滚道表面,与滚道表面的高温氧化物共同影响轴承的摩擦学特性,因此在摩擦表面出现部分黏着磨损与氧化磨损;达到600℃后,滚道表面涂覆形成的润滑膜增多,因此氧化磨损和黏着磨损得到减轻,润滑效果最好。     

润滑剂对轮轨摩擦与磨损的影响

利用MMS-2A磨损试验机模拟轮轨系统在润滑油、二硫化钼锂基脂、植物油和石墨钙基脂4种润滑剂润滑下的摩擦与磨损行为,研究润滑剂对轮轨副摩擦、磨损特性的影响.结果表明:与干态相比,4种润滑剂均使摩擦副的摩擦因数减小,表面磨痕深度减小,磨损量降低,其中石墨钙基脂的减摩和抗磨效果最好;试验结束后,轮轨试样接触表面的硬度均有不同程度的增加,其中涂有石墨钙基脂的轮轨试样的表面硬度增加最小.     

考虑温度因素时等效粘度模型及轴承特性的研究

同时考虑温度和流体内能及壁面对润滑剂的强作用对润滑剂粘度的影响，在等效粘度模型的基础上，融入温度对润滑剂特性的影响，建立了粘温修正的等效粘度分析计算模型，运用该模型进行了薄膜润滑条件下的轴承特性分析计算，确立了参数与轴承性能的变化之间的关系。     

Effect of processing parameters on structural features of tungsten carbide after electrical discharge machining (EDM)

Abstract

Tungsten carbide (WC) is an extremely hard material which is used extensively in the manufacturing of tools and dies. In the presence of cobalt as a binder its machining becomes a difficult task because of interfacial bonding. In the EDM process, where electrical energy is used for the machining of the substance, the heat generated due to the plasma is responsible for removal of the substance at the interface. The heat generated is conducted differentially because of the composite structure of the tungsten carbide cermet. In order to improve the technological performance it is essential to understand the morphological features of tungsten carbide after machining. The studies have been conducted using different machining parameters. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of machining parameters on the morphology of tungsten carbide suitable to withstand impact load on press forging for small components during operation. Experiments have been performed with the specially designed fixtures with proper flushing arrangements, to avoid arcing during the process. WC of P20 grade which is one of the most suitable grade substances to withstand load after EDM, has been used as work piece material for the entire study. Copper, graphite and copper tungsten electrodes have been used for the present study. The morphological features were studied with the help of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that structural features varied with variation in electrode under similar experimental conditions. Phenomenon of such structures is discussed at length. The formations of cracks on WC have also been studied in detail. The detail of this study is presented in the paper.     

The Thomson deflectometer: a novel use of the Thomson spectrometer as a transient field and plasma diagnostic

Laser accelerated proton beams have been used for field characterization in expanding plasmas. The Thomson parabola spectrometer, as a charged particles analyzer, also allows precise measurement of the charged particles' trajectories. The proton's deflections by fast changing plasma fields can be measured with the new design of the Thomson parabola spectrometer and, therefore, it can be applied for proton deflectometry. It is shown that from resulting spectrograms the plasma field dynamics can be reconstructed with high temporal resolution. In a proof-of-principle experiment, a weakly relativistic plasma expansion is studied as an example.     

血浆润滑性能的试验研究

在人工器官的研制和使用过程中,血浆常被作为润滑剂,与人工合成的润滑剂相比,血浆具有一定的优越性。按照GB3142-82方法测试出了血浆的承载能力,采用Leica DMI5000M材料显微镜观察了磨痕的微观特征。研究表明,血浆的润滑性能良好,承载能力可达390N左右,此研究为人工器官的润滑设计提供了依据。分析了血浆润滑膜的组成,指出速度不变的情况下,压力的增大将导致血浆润滑膜的破裂,使钢球磨损加剧。     

Modeling of plasma spray coating process using statistical regression analysis

This study aimed to correlate outputs of a plasma spray coating process with its input parameters. Central composite design of experiments had been followed to conduct the experiments on plasma spray coating process, in order to collect its input–output data. The effects of four input parameters, namely primary gas flow rate, stand-off distance, powder flow rate, and arc current on three outputs (responses), such as thickness, porosity, and microhardness of the coatings, had been studied using non-linear statistical regression analysis. Such an analysis yielded the response equations, and viability of these equations had been tested on a set of experimentally obtained cases. The above four process parameters were found to have varying influences on different responses. However, all the above three responses were found to be significantly dependent on primary gas flow rate.     

Biolubricants and triboreactive materials for automotive applications

The research institution TEKNIKER has coordinated the EUROPEAN Project EREBIO, were different biodegradable lubricants have been formulated by FUCHS and BAM for heavy duty engines (GUASCOR), and passenger cars (RENAULT). In the frame of this article, it has been summarised the results obtained when developing biodegradable passenger car lubricants in combination with triboreactive materials.Replacing hydrocarbon-based oils with biodegradable products is one of the ways to reduce adverse effects on the ecosystem caused by the use of lubricants. The application of low or no sulphur, ash and phosphorous (lowSAP) ester- or polyglycol-based oils, intended for passenger car engine lubricants as substitutes for hydrocarbon-based oils, required the preparation of a composition of lubricants with comparable tribological and functional properties.The study is focussed on passenger car motor oils (PCMO) with reduced metal-organic additives. This is necessary in order to reduce the ash build-up in the after treatment system and therefore improve its efficiency and lifetime. High fuel efficiency and long drain intervals are requested, as well. To follow a line in a consequent way, these oils have to be biodegradable and non-toxic to the aqueous environment according to the directive EC/1999/45, coherent with other international standard. In a modern diesel or gasoline engine, the engine oils has to fulfil quite a number of different functions, such as lubricating and cooling the system, wear protection, soot and particle handling with less deposit tendency and so on.In the paper a study of the biodegradability, toxicity and the tribological properties has been carried out for new developed prototype engine bio-oils. Also, some different plasma sprayed triboreactive coatings have been deposited on cast iron piston rings, being studied also their tribological properties. Finally, the behaviour of the new bio-oils selected and plasma sprayed triboreactive coatings on piston rings have been screened in a real engine.     

光纤拉丝机送料机构的有限元模态分析

送料机构作为光纤拉丝机的关键部件,其结构性能对拉制光纤的精度和质量有着重要的影响。本文利用三维建模软件UG,建立了送料机构的实体装配模型;并采用ANSYSWorkbench有限元分析软件,对其进行模态分析,得到了固有频率和振型。同时研究了固有频率对送料机构的影响,找出了使其发生振动的薄弱环节。本文为避免其出现共振现象,并为制造出优质光纤提供了参考依据。     

Friction and wear properties of UHMWPE/Al2O3 ceramic under different lubricating conditions

Friction and wear behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sliding against Al₂O₃ ceramic under dry sliding, and lubrication of fresh plasma, distilled water and physiological saline were investigated with a self-made pin-on-disk apparatus at 37±1°C. The worn surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the friction behavior of UHMWPE is very sensitive to its water absorption state. The wear rate of UHMWPE under dry sliding is the highest and under plasma lubrication is the lowest. The wear mechanisms are different under dry friction and various lubricating conditions.     

激光重熔纳米SiC复合陶瓷涂层组织和性能研究

研究了WC／Co-NiCrAl等离子复合陶瓷涂层、激光重熔等离子涂层、激光渗入纳米SiC涂层的组织结构、耐磨性能。结果证明：在所定的工艺参数下，等离子喷涂层组织呈层片状，层间为机械结合界面；经激光重熔后，激光作用区涂层组织细化，孔隙率降低，耐磨性能是原等离子涂层的1．3倍；渗入纳米SiC后，组织进一步细化，孔隙率进一步降低，SiC颗粒仍处于纳米尺度，分布在粗颗粒表面及粗颗粒之间，其耐磨性能是原等离子涂层的2．6倍。     

等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层在高温（450℃）下的摩擦磨损机理分析

本文用SEM观察分析了等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层（Metco136F,Metco80NS,Metco102,Metco105,Metco202NS,国产Al 2O 3）在高温无油和有油润滑下的摩擦磨损机理。发现陶瓷涂层仍会象金属摩擦副那样出现疲劳脱落、塑性形变、粘着撕裂。450℃时的干摩擦系数比有油润滑的摩擦系数高得多,且磨损表面形貌和磨损机理与有油润滑时大为不同。干磨擦是较易出现粘着磨损,而有润滑时则较难出现。