敏捷供需协调绩效评价指标体系研究

供应链管理研究较多地集中在供应链的技术与运作策略方面，而对于供需协调的绩效评价研究比较少。通过供应链敏捷响应策略的分析，结合对企业的实际调查，按照供需协调的物流协调、信息流协调、资金流协调和工作流协调四大领域，建立了基于敏捷供应链管理的敏捷供需协调绩效评价的分层、分类考核的多指标绩效指标体系，并对各种指标建立了相应的量化计算方法。     

考虑需求扰动及企业社会责任行为的绿色供应链决策

为了探讨需求扰动及零售商企业社会责任(CSR)行为对绿色供应链决策的影响，构建了制造商主导的绿色供应链模型，并得到需求扰动前后的均衡结果，然后研究了绿色供应链的协调问题，最后将模型拓展到绿色供应链与传统供应链横向竞争的情形。结果表明，当需求发生大幅扰动时，制造商需要调整产品绿色度，此时零售商的CSR行为会增大制造商对产品绿色度的调整量；需求扰动会使绿色供应链系统利润偏离预期，此时零售商的CSR行为会加剧需求扰动对绿色供应链系统利润的影响，不利于绿色供应链的稳定运营；二部定价—成本契约可以实现绿色供应链协调；绿色供应链与传统供应链的横向竞争会增强零售商CSR行为对产品绿色度最优调整量和绿色供应链系统利润偏离程度的影响。     

服务型制造混合供应链的协调研究

研究了由销售商、服务商和集成商组成,由制造商主导的服务型制造混合供应链(Service-oriented Manufacturing Hybrid Supply Chain,SMHSC)的协调问题。产品需求受服务商的服务努力水平和市场随机因素共同影响。利用Stackelberg博弈模型,论证了单纯的收益共享契约不能协调服务型制造混合供应链,而在此基础上设计的服务努力成本分担模型能够协调。研究表明:混合供应链协调时有效收益共享和成本分担参数必须满足两个线性关系和一定的取值范围,在这样的条件下可以确保混合供应链参与方都能获得超额利润,维持供应链的健康运行。     

基于资源投入的供应链协调分析

为使供应链在市场需求变化后能够达到协调,提出了批发价结合资源投入补贴契约模型。在市场需求变化前能够协调供应链的契约,而在市场需求增加后,即使对契约参数作调整或者重新设计契约也可能无法使供应链达到协调状态。这时供应链协调时的订货量超出了供应商的生产能力,供应链的协调问题就不再是契约设计问题,而主要是供应链企业的资源投入问题。在这种情况下,可通过改变节点企业的资源投入,以消除供应链中的资源瓶颈,并结合契约设计来实现供应链的协调。分析了最优资源投入量及相应的最优契约参数。最后,通过数值例子对模型进行了应用分析。     

季节性商品两级供应链契约设计与协调模型研究综述

在季节性商品销售环境下,讨论了单节点成员两级供应链契约设计与协调模型研究状况。在此基础上,讨论了多供应商对单零售商、单供应商对多零售商、多供应商对多零售商等不同供应链结构下的契约设计与协调模型研究现状。综述了复杂决策环境对契约设计与供应链协调的影响。总结了目前的研究现状,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

虚拟企业中数字车间与供应链系统的集成与协调

数字车间和供应链系统是虚拟企业的两个重要的功能组织。数字车间与供应链系统的信息集成和功能协调是虚拟企业能够高效运作的基础。Agent技术是构建大型、分布式系统的有效方法。本文研究了基于Agent技术的虚拟企业集成技术和协调机制。     

突发需求下零售商占优型三级供应链协调分析

在突发需求情形下,采用回购契约研究由一个制造商、一个分销商和一个零售商组成的三级供应链系统的协调问题,其中零售商占据主导地位。首先推导出三级供应链系统达到完全协调时满足的条件,然后重新设计了突发需求下供应链达到完全协调时的抗突发性回购契约函数。通过算例验证了模型的有效性。分析表明,只有零售商、制造商和分销商的利润函数分别为供应链系统总利润函数的仿射函数时,分散决策下的供应链系统运用回购契约才可以实现集中决策下的最优利润。突发需求会破坏原有系统的协调性。重新设计的抗突发性回购契约函数给出了突发需求下供应链系统的最优订货量函数,并且可以实现供应链系统在突发需求情形下的完全协调。     

有限需求信息下考虑利他行为的供应链鲁棒协调

为探讨需求分布信息不足和利他行为偏好对供应链运作的双重影响,在只知道需求的均值和方差的情形下,利用鲁棒优化方法研究了考虑利他行为的供应链协调问题。给出了集中式供应链的鲁棒最优订货决策和分散式供应链实现鲁棒协调的回购契约策略,并进行了数值分析。研究表明,利他行为对供应链成员的鲁棒决策具有重要影响。当供应链成员都完全利他时,批发价契约就能够实现供应链协调;否则,需要一个合适的回购契约来协调供应链。此外,通过设定不同的批发价格还可以调节供应链期望整体利润在各成员间的分配。同时,鲁棒协调策略具有较强的稳健性,可以有效减少需求分布信息不足对供应链系统及其成员利润的影响。     

两零售商竞争的闭环供应链应对突发事件

针对一个制造商和两个竞争零售商组成的闭环供应链在突发事件下的最优决策问题,提出一种基于"收益共享—费用共担"契约的应对策略和协调机制。在稳定的市场条件下验证了"收益共享—费用共担"契约能够实现闭环供应链的协调。当突发事件导致市场规模和再制造成本同时发生扰动时,通过建立和求解扰动环境下的博弈模型,提出闭环供应链在集中化决策时应对突发事件的最优策略,并进一步验证了调整后的"收益共享—费用共担"契约对协调突发事件下分散化决策闭环供应链的协调作用。通过数值分析验证了模型的有效性。     

供应链协同动因研究

供应链协同是指两个或两个以上企业为了实现既定的目标而采取的一种彼此协调和相互合作的过程。供应链协同动因的研究,对于认清供应链协同的本质,探索隐藏在供应链集成背后的合作动机与协同运作机制,具有十分重要的理论意义。文章在阐述供应链、协同、供应链协同等含义的基础上,详细的分析了供应链协同的动因。     

Supply chain focus dependent safety stock placement

Increasing globalization, growing product range diversity, and rising consumer awareness are making markets highly competitive, forcing supply chains to adapt constantly to different stimuli. Growing competition between supply chains (as well as players within them) is also warranting a priority for overall supply chain performance over the goals of individual players. It is now well established in the literature that, among the many order winners, both overall supply chain cost and responsiveness (i.e., supply chain lead time) are the most significant determinants of supply chain competitiveness. The literature, however, mostly focuses on supply chain cost minimization with rather simplistic treatment of responsiveness. By introducing the concept of a coefficient of inverse responsiveness (CIR), we facilitate efficient introduction of responsiveness related costs into the scheme of supply chain (SC) performance evaluation and/or optimization. Thus, our model aids supply chain managers in achieving better strategic fit between individual business unit strategies and overall supply chain requirements in terms of cost efficiency and responsiveness. In particular, it aids in strategic placement of safety stocks at different stages in the supply chain. Our model also offers managerial insights that help improve our intuitions into supply chain dynamics. The model is more suited for strategic SC alignment, for example, when dealing with product changeovers or introduction of new product, rather than for operational control.     

A multiagent supply chain planning and coordination architecture

A supply chain is a worldwide network of suppliers, manufactures, warehouses, distribution centers and retailers through which raw materials are acquired, transformed and delivered to customers. In recent years, a new system approach for managing the supply chain at the tactical and operational levels has emerged. It views a supply chain as composed of a set of intelligent (software) agents, who are responsible for one or more activities and interacting with other related agents in planning and executing their responsibilities. This paper presents a multiagent architecture of supply chain integration. Agents coordination using extended contract net protocol is discussed. Two types of bidding approaches, i.e., the customizing-type and webbing-type are introduced into the multiagent supply chain system. Finally, a heuristics and two programming models for the planning and coordination of demand-driven supply chains are suggested.     

基于Agent的图形化多级供应链协调仿真平台设计

针对多级供应链协调仿真问题,首先提出利用Agent描述供应链成员的竞争性、合作性和自治性,建立了基于Agent的多级供应链协调仿真平台,对协调仿真实现原理和仿真平台的功能进行了说明。其次,对仿真平台实现涉及的类的封装、成员主体函数调用及图形化仿真界面等技术进行了阐述。最后,采用Visual C＋＋和Form＋＋开发基于Agent的多级供应链协调仿真平台,实现了供应链组织协调运作过程建模与仿真,验证了仿真平台设计的有效性。     

基于Multi-Agent的供应链质量监理机制模型

从质量保证角度分析供应链中各企业间矛盾,提出以供应链联盟质量协调与监督为核心的机制--质量监理机制,并基于Multi-Agent技术对质量监理系统进行建模.     

Simulating the performance of supply chain with various alliances

Many models of supply chain management (SCM) have been popularly developed in recent years. However, this study focuses on the supply chain (SC) performance with respect to various alliances among partners. First, this study explores the game theory for formulating the SCM problem as a multi-objective programming problem. Second, various alliances, e.g., union, extreme competition, and Stackelberg competition among partners will be considered in such a problem so as to compare the SC performance under different alliances. Third, a numerical example is illustrated by two material supplier partners, three manufacturing partners, two logistics partners, and three customers, where each partner in the SC has its own objective and constraints. This SC problem is resolved across three different time periods. Finally, study results show that the maximum global benefits can be obtained only when all partners form a single union, but the inefficient partners lose significantly in such a union. The minimal global benefits exist in the extreme competition.     

The future trend on system-wide modelling in supply chain studies

Although supply chain (SC) has gained increasing attention in the last decade and numerous SC problems have been identified and solved, there is a lack of systematic approach to solve SC problems at a system level. SC can be viewed as a network of organisations including, but not restricted to, the suppliers (source of raw materials), manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and end customers. Each entity is able to process different tasks individually in order to satisfy the global goal of the network, which is usually the total cost or lead time of a set of products. If only inter-entity problems are solved, like inventory level, production planning, etc., the performance of the whole system is not guaranteed to be acceptable. The main objective of this paper is to review contemporary SC problems and the methodologies in solving them, and to suggest future research direction for solving supply chains problems. From the analysis of the review, it can be concluded that there is limited research to solve SC problems from a system point of view. In this connection, future direction in solving system-wide SC, and the potential difficulties, are discussed. This allows readers to gain insights in the future research direction in the area of supply chain management.     

Simulation study using system dynamics for a CONWIP-controlled lamp supply chain

Production inventory control is one of the most important elements of manufacturing logistics. CONstant Work In Process (CONWIP), which is a hybrid of push and pull type systems, offers an effective approach to supply chain (SC) management. The study of CONWIP is very often conducted with detailed modeling and mathematical analysis, and is not appropriate for supporting decisions from a managerial or macro perspective. In this paper, the authors present an alternative analysis of CONWIP at an aggregate level, which is appropriate to the decision-making about the SC. The model is simulated using system dynamics (SD). The implementation of this model is described using an example from the lamp manufacturing industry in mainland China. The method and its results are illustrated with a lamp manufacturing SC, which indicates that SD can be used to analyze and understand the CONWIP approach to achieve higher productivity and better performance. Moreover, SD is more suitable for simulation analyses of the SC system.     

供应链网络制造系统生产计划分解模型的研究

供应链管理跨越企业界限，具有集成性和时效性，其生产计划系统具有分布性、自治性和开放性等特点，传统的生产计划方法已经不能适应供应链这种新的组织模式。这里对供应链企业生产计划系统特点进行分析，构建了供应链网络制造系统三层次模型，并在此基础上提出了网络制造系统中供应链生产计划的分解模型。     

Integrated supply chain design using multi-criteria optimization

Supply chain management (SCM) presents significant opportunities for improving profit margins and reducing cost. It encompasses functional and geographical integration as well as integration of tactical and operational decisions. The functional integration aspects involve purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics within the company and across the supply chain. A supply chain design framework has been developed including linear/mixed integer multi-criteria optimization models for determining the identified supply chain design parameters. The selection of suppliers, determination of production quantities, inventory locations and sizes, selection of transportation method and transported quantities in a multi-stage, multi-level supply chain are investigated. Additional criteria including first-time quality (FTQ) and suppliers on-time delivery risk with and without allowing splitting of customer demand between suppliers are considered. An example of typical automotive power train supply chain design and decision issues is used to illustrate the effect of various factors.     

供应链环境下生产计划的协调制定研究

在阐述供应链环境下生产计划特点的基础上,提出在供应链环境下生产计划系统的层次模型,就供应链环境下生产计划系统各部分的协调性制定进行解释,介绍如何采用企业资源计划(ERP)和约束理论(TOC)相结合的方法制定生产计划.