步进快速限幅摆式陀螺寻北仪

针对摆式陀螺寻北仪存在的限幅效率低的工程实际问题,提出了一种步进快速限幅方法,介绍了该方法的实现原理和步骤,分析了3种主要测量误差对限幅效果的影响,论证了步进快速限幅法在理论上的可行性,最后将步进快速限幅法成功应用于摆式陀螺寻北仪上.设计了相应的限幅试验,利用摆动的平衡位置主动跟踪逆转点,实现了对摆幅的快速精确限制.理论和试验结果均表明:提出的步进快速限幅法保留了传统步进法不需要增加系统硬件的优点,有效克服了采用电磁阻尼法限幅时电磁干扰力矩的问题,保持了限幅的可靠性.基于步进快速限幅方法的摆式陀螺寻北仪能在一个步进周期(约60 s)内实现对摆幅的快速精确限制,较传统步进法可以节省2个以上的步进周期,为缩短寻北时间提供了理论支撑和实践依据.     

摆式陀螺寻北仪的积分测量方法

提出了摆式陀螺寻北仪双次积分测量方法。在粗寻北阶段采用步进法,通过施加外作用消耗系统原有机械能的方式实现快速寻北。在精寻北阶段采用双次光电积分法,通过对陀螺摆动的一个半周期做积分测量后,利用双次光电积分的方式得到陀螺摆动的平衡位置,然后,通过计算来获得子午面与陀螺轴向之间的夹角。进行了一系列相关实验,结果表明:双次光电积分法有效地改善了JT15试验样机的寻北测量精度,使由于测量周期变化造成的寻北误差减小了10倍以上。本方案缩短了摆式陀螺寻北仪的寻北测量时间,提高了寻北测量精度,满足了工程实用的精度和快速性要求。     

陀螺经纬仪自适应智能下放系统

自动下放系统一直是牵制陀螺经纬仪全自动化进程的关键环节。针对现有陀螺仪,提出基于旋转步进电动机驱动陀螺仪凸轮轴的自动下放方案,设计下放结构及总控制系统,分析影响陀螺下放摆幅的决定性因素,通过大量试验总结出下放摆幅在理想范围时半脱位置与光标初始位置的关系,基于此提出自适应智能运动控制系统,即根据光标初始位置与半脱位置的关系曲线建立下放速度方案数据库,对不同的光标初始位置自动查询相应的半脱位置设置电动机速度从而实现智能控制。通过对自动下放系统进行平稳性、下放摆幅及重复性对比试验,表明该系统有效可靠,实现陀螺在不同托起状态下均能下放在正常工作区域,且陀螺运行平稳,有效地解决自动下放限幅的瓶颈,显著地提高自动化程度和测量精度。     

陀螺仪灵敏部自动升降的控制

设计了一种吊丝陀螺自动升降系统。采用数字信号处理器(DSP)控制直线步进电机,实现陀螺仪灵敏部的自动升降,完成了相关软硬件的设计,代替了传统的需要人工手动操作的凸轮装置。在陀螺自动升降的稳定性实验中,当脉冲频率为26~40 Hz时,陀螺运行稳定,摆动角度约为94~210';当脉冲频率为33 Hz时,陀螺下放及寻北效果最好,摆动角度约为105~147'。在与人工手动操作的对比实验中,采用直线步进电机的自动升降系统运行稳定、重复率低、操作简单。实验结果表明:该自动升降系统具有较高的稳定性,并可以有效缩短寻北时间和提高寻北精度,对陀螺仪的自动寻北具有现实意义。     

基于神经网络的压电陀螺的零位漂移补偿

针对低精度的压电陀螺静态零位输出随温度漂移严重的问题,提出了用BP神经网络进行补偿的方法,该方法具有很强的非线性映射能力,能够有效减少压电陀螺的零位输出误差.实验结果与传统拟合方法比较证明,在不改变陀螺结构的情况下,该方法能有效地将陀螺的静态零位漂移误差减小一个数量级以上,从而使该类型陀螺能够应用于中、高精度惯性测量领域中.     

基于智能陀螺经纬仪实现快速初寻北

机械陀螺经纬仪初寻北时间的长短是决定其寻北效率的关键因素.从陀螺仪寻北的原理出发,在智能寻北系统中引入了一种快速寻北新方法--加速度判定法.该方法通过计算光标运动的速度与加速度值,能够在陀螺开始寻北数秒后即测量出真北值,并且能够弥补电子罗盘初寻北精度过低的问题,是全自动寻北策略的重要组成部分.以JT-15陀螺仪为样机的寻北实验表明,将加速度判定法应用于智能寻北系统中,仪器初寻北测量精度优于3′54″,满足了JT-15陀螺仪精寻北的条件要求,保证了全自动寻北的速度和精度,对于机械陀螺的快速及智能化寻北具有现实意义.     

摆式陀螺速度检测法全方位快速预定向

为克服国内摆式陀螺寻北仪对初始架设方位要求严格,难以实现全方位寻北的不足,通过对其大偏北角运动规律的分析,提出了一种基于摆速检测的全方位快速预定向方法.运用欧拉动力学方程建立摆式陀螺大偏北角运动方程;运用相平面法分析了其全局运动规律,运用修正的谐波平衡法求得周期摆动的近似解析解;然后根据求得的近似解析解分析了灵敏部摆动速度和摆动周期的变化规律,提出采用最大摆动速度检测法实现全方位预定向,并通过降低陀螺马达转速缩短寻北时间;最后设计了实现方案,并进行了初步试验验证.分析和试验结果表明,该方法能在2 min内实现任意初始架设方位预定向,预定向后灵敏部主轴方位角最大不超过5°.该方法对实现摆式陀螺全方位快速寻北具有重要意义.     

基于小波-强跟踪滤波的陀螺漂移在线预测

为进一步提高陀螺漂移预测精度,根据陀螺一次项漂移系数非平稳时间序列的特点,针对其数据的突变和趋势相较强的问题,提出一种基于小波和多重次优渐消因子强跟踪滤波相结合的非平稳时间序列在线预测方法,并将其应用于陀螺一次项漂移系数预测。实验结果表明,该方法能有效改善数据突变和较强趋势项所带来的状态估计不准、进而造成预测不准的问题,提高了预测精度。     

基于小波-强跟踪滤波的陀螺漂移在线预测

为进一步提高陀螺漂移预测精度,根据陀螺一次项漂移系数非平稳时间序列的特点,针对其数据的突变和趋势相较强的问题,提出一种基于小波和多重次优渐消因子强跟踪滤波相结合的非平稳时间序列在线预测方法,并将其应用于陀螺一次项漂移系数预测。实验结果表明,该方法能有效改善数据突变和较强趋势项所带来的状态估计不准、进而造成预测不准的问题,提高了预测精度。     

中天法在陀螺智能寻北系统中的应用研究

介绍了基于CCD(电荷耦合器件)图像传感器与计算机技术的陀螺仪智能寻北系统的结构与工作原理,给出了中天法陀螺定向计算的一般原始公式以及在计算机环境下应用中天法的五个数学模型,通过试验证明其有效性。说明了智能化寻北方法可以改变测量结果对操作人员素质的依赖,降低测量的读数误差,部分提高陀螺经纬仪的寻北精度。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.