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油溶性纳米铜的制备、表征及其对SF15W/40汽油机油摩擦性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用界面生长法,以醋酸铜为母体,抗坏血酸(Vc)为还原剂,吐温-85为修饰剂,正丁醇为生长剂,合成了粒径约15.5 nm的油溶性球形纳米铜粉;通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米铜粉进行了表征;将其作为润滑油添加剂分散于SF15W/40汽油机油中制得纳米润滑油;通过高浓度激光粒度仪考察了纳米润滑油的分散稳定性;通过UMT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损实验机考察了纳米润滑油的摩擦学性能;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了磨损表面形貌.结果表明:纳米铜粉在润滑油中具有优异的分散稳定性;纳米铜粉显著改善了SF15W/40汽油机油的润滑性能,其最佳添加量为0.8%.分析认为纳米铜在摩擦表面的划痕和犁沟处沉积并铺展成膜,从而改善了摩擦磨损性能. 相似文献
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《流体机械》2015,(11)
为了测试润滑油对CO2流动沸腾换热特性的影响,以指导CO2换热器的设计,对CO2/润滑油混合物在水平管内的流动沸腾换热系数进行了试验研究,试验工况质量流量为2.74~5.61kg/h,热流密度为3.2~5k W/m2,测试段入口干度为x=0.2~0.5,蒸发温度在-4~8℃之间,选择PAG作为润滑油,浓度为0~6%。试验结果表明,润滑油浓度越大,CO2的局部换热系数越小;润滑油浓度较低时(<3%),换热系数下降较大,再增大含油量,换热系数下降的趋势减缓。增大蒸发温度可以延迟干涸的发生,相反地,大的热流密度和质量流量可以使管内提前出现干涸。CO2/润滑油混合物的换热系数随蒸发温度的升高而增大,随热流密度和质量流量的增大而减小。 相似文献
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车用发动机通过使用低黏度的润滑油,可获得更大的动力性和经济性。以某1.5 L 4缸自然吸气发动机为例,研究采用较低黏度的SM-5W20代替原使用的SM 5W30对发动机性能的影响。采用Flowmaster软件建立发动机润滑系统模型,分析润滑油黏度对发动机润滑系统润滑油压力、流量和润滑油泵功耗的影响,分析表明,采用较低黏度的SM 5W20代替SM 5W30,润滑系统的流量增大了0.83%~6.72%,润滑油压力降低1.45%~5.98%,润滑油泵功耗降低了1.4%~6.58%。通过发动机台架试验,研究黏度对发动机摩擦功、功率、扭矩及油耗的影响,结果表明,使用SM-5W20比使用SM-5W30的发动机摩擦功低,在中低速下的燃油经济性提升。 相似文献
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《润滑与密封》2016,(2)
车用发动机通过使用低黏度的润滑油,可获得更大的动力性和经济性。以某1.5 L 4缸自然吸气发动机为例,研究采用较低黏度的SM 5W20代替原使用的SM 5W30对发动机性能的影响。采用Flowmaster软件建立发动机润滑系统模型,分析润滑油黏度对发动机润滑系统润滑油压力、流量和润滑油泵功耗的影响,分析表明,采用较低黏度的SM 5W20代替SM 5W30,润滑系统的流量增大了0.83%~6.72%,润滑油压力降低1.45%~5.98%,润滑油泵功耗降低了1.4%~6.58%。通过发动机台架试验,研究黏度对发动机摩擦功、功率、扭矩及油耗的影响,结果表明,使用SM 5W20比使用SM 5W30的发动机摩擦功低,在中低速下的燃油经济性提升。 相似文献
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在pH=5~6的弱酸性介质中,铬青R与铝生成紫色络合物(λ_(max)=535毫微米)。加入溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)后,生成红紫色三元络合物(λ_(max)=590毫微米)。本文探讨了该三元络合体系应用于测定润滑油中微量铝的基本条件。试验证明,其灵敏度较高,ε_(590)=6.9×10~4。本文还研究了在铁、铜等阳离子干扰下的测定情况,在铜含量为2微克/25毫升、铁含量为10微克/25毫升时,相时误差小于10%。该三元络合体系在铝含量为0~2微克/25毫升范围内服从比尔定律。本法可不经分离,直接测定润滑油中微量铝。已应用于监测柴油机用润滑油中的铝含量,结果满意。 相似文献
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The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci... 相似文献
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针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。 相似文献
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针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。 相似文献
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A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load. 相似文献
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针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。 相似文献
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针对传统的电力系统多目标粒子群优化算法采用权重系数法将多目标转化为单目标,从而忽视了各目标函数间的竞争关系这一问题,提出将非支配解提取法运用到电力系统多目标无功优化中,并设定了一套提取规则,以电力系统中的有功网损、电压偏差和电压稳定裕度为目标,使目标在充分竞争的情况下得出Pareto最优解,利用IEEE-14节点系统对多目标非支配解提取法的电力系统无功优化进行了仿真测试。研究结果表明,该算法一次运行可以得出多组非支配解,既有偏向单个目标的解也有兼顾所有目标的解,克服了权重系数法的盲目性和单一性,可使电力决策者根据实际问题选择最优解,具有较好的灵活性与多样性。 相似文献
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交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别. 相似文献
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RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication. 相似文献
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For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ... 相似文献
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CHEN Guangyuan DU Libin HE Haijing LEI Zhuo WU Chengxuan ZHANG Qisheng 《Instrumentation》2015,(2):18-27
This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%. 相似文献