柔性平行导向机构的静刚度分析

柔性机构是一种新型机构。作为一类最简单的柔性机构 ,柔性平行导向机构被广泛应用在精密定位场合。由于在精密操作中要求机构具有很高的定位精度 ,而机构的静刚度在很大程度上决定着这一指标。针对静刚度分析的重要作用以及目前对机构静刚度分析中存在的不足 ,采用结构分析中的柔度矩阵法建立了一种新的用来分析机构静刚度的理论模型。其结果相对原有模型更接近有限元仿真的结果     

3-PSS柔性并联微操作机器人柔度分析

柔度矩阵建模是进行全柔性机构分析的基础。针对3-PSS型柔性并联微操作机器人,首先基于坐标变换法计算机构单条支链柔度矩阵,并基于此建立机器人整体柔度矩阵模型。然后进行数值算例计算和Ansys有限元仿真分析,并将理论计算结果与有限元分析结果进行对比,验证了柔度矩阵建模的正确性。最后对柔性并联机器人进行了柔度性能分析,并得出了机构的结构参数对柔度的影响规律,分析结果对3-PSS型柔性并联机构的结构优化设计提供了依据。     

圆弧柔性铰链的优化设计

柔性铰链是高精度柔性机构的关键部件,其运动精度与运动范围影响着柔性机构的性能,本文对圆弧柔性铰链进行了柔度矩阵推导,并依据柔度方程进行优化设计。采用结构矩阵法建立了圆弧柔性铰链的柔度方程,对矩形截面的翘曲抗扭刚度进行推导,得到了约束扭转状态下的扭转柔度近似方程。为相对长度较小铰链的扭转刚度精确求解提供了依据。对比理论计算结果与有限元分析结果,结果显示扭转柔度的最大相对误差在10%左右,其余方向柔度相对误差低于6%,验证了柔度方程的准确性。采用正交试验直观分析法得到柔性铰链各设计参数对转动刚度的灵敏度,并利用多目标遗传算法对柔性铰链的转动柔度以及轴向刚度两个目标进行了参数优化。通过优化结果与设计经验选取参数的对比,发现优化后圆弧柔性铰链的弯曲柔度提升了5.12%,同时铰链的轴向刚度提升了4.72%,证明针对圆弧柔性铰链的优化设计具有明显效果。     

3-PPSR并联微动机器人静刚度分析

为简化6支链并联微动机器人的复杂结构,减小装配误差,提出压电陶瓷驱动的3-PPSR构型6自由度并联微动机器人结构.采用整体式下平台和三条两端带有柔性球铰链和直圆柔性铰链的支杆,使结构紧凑并有利于提高精度.为分析对并联微动机器人精度具有重要影响的静刚度指标,首先求出此类机器人的逆解矩阵及支杆柔性铰链处微小角位移和末端位姿的关系.在此基础上,考虑支杆两端柔性铰链和弹性平板的弹性变形,运用虚功原理推导并联微动机器人静刚度矩阵.进而仿真分析机构各几何参数对静刚度的影响,获得支杆两端铰接点半径及直角弹性平板和支杆两端柔性铰链尺寸对刚度的影响规律,为此类并联微动机器人刚度配置和机构优化设计提供理论依据.     

基于坐标转换法的3-RRR并联微动机构柔度矩阵建模

全柔性机构的柔度矩阵建模是进行全柔性机构分析的基础,以3-RRR全柔性并联机构为例,基于坐标变换法推导柔性机构的柔度矩阵模型建立过程,应用ANSYS 12.0软件对柔性机构进行有限元分析,验证了柔度矩阵的正确性。此方法有利于柔性机构柔度的计算和分析,为柔性机构的运动学、动力学分析提供了方便。     

全柔性并联机器人支链静刚度矩阵的建立

设计了一种新型非对称全柔性3-RRRP平移微动并联机器人机构。在柔性铰链静刚度矩阵及柔性移动副静刚度矩阵的基础上,先建立该微动机器人机构单个支链的一般模型,利用坐标矩阵变换（D—H矩阵变换）的方法,推导出一般支链静刚度矩阵求解的理论过程,进而求得该支链端部的静刚度矩阵。最后,通过理论计算-简单模型,并用ANSYS对理论计算结果进行模拟。模拟结果显示,理论计算的静刚度矩阵与模拟结果很相近,说明一般支链静刚度矩阵理论推导过程具有一定的准确性。     

基于单元刚度矩阵法的二维微动平台刚度分析

刚度作为设计和评价全柔性机构的一个重要指标,在很大程度上影响着全柔性机构的动态性能和定位精度。利用材料力学中的单元刚度矩阵原理,根据柔性机构的结构特点进行单元划分。然后全面考虑机构中各单元的复杂变形,建立单元间的位移、力平衡方程,得到便于进行递推运算的刚度表达形式。以一种二维微动平台为例,给出了应用该方法的刚度分析过程,结果表明理论计算接近有限元分析数据。     

3-RRR平面柔性并联机构动力学分析

针对柔性并联机构动力学模型时变、刚-柔耦合、非线性的特点,以3-RRR平面柔性并联机构为研究对象,建立了一种基于有限元法、浮点坐标系和KED法的机构弹性动力学方程。首先,运用有限元法的理论,将机构的柔性杆件划分为一系列离散的梁单元模型,建立梁单元的动力学方程。然后,运用KED法,得到机构的约束关系式和装配关系式,从而得到机构在浮点坐标系下的弹性动力学方程。最后,分别对采用简化KED法和这里方法建立的机构动力学模型进行仿真分析,对比机构动平台的弹性位移/转角曲线和最大应力曲线,验证了这里建模方法的有效性。     

新型3-RPC柔性精密平台的刚度与动力学分析

提出了一种新型空间柔性并联精密平台,该平台采用压电陶瓷驱动方式,通过单自由度柔性铰链的弹性变形实现末端执行件3个方向的运动;采用柔度矩阵变换法,建立了该柔性精密平台的刚度模型,并用有限元方法对刚度模型进行了验证。在此基础上,讨论了柔性铰链结构参数对平台刚度的影响规律;采用拉格朗日法建立该平台的动力学方程,利用有限元对其进行了模态分析,讨论了3组不同柔性转动副结构参数对微动机构自然频率的影响。     

单轴柔性换向机构刚度分析

针对某些场合由于空间有限需要换向的情况,设计了一种单轴柔性换向机构。基于线弹性及小变形理论,推导了圆弧形柔性铰链平面内柔度矩阵各参数的解析计算公式,得到了圆弧形柔性铰链的平面内柔度矩阵,计算出了柔性换向机构内柔性铰链的柔度矩阵,并通过有限元软件对该计算结果进行了验证。推导出了柔性换向机构的刚度以及传动比,并通过有限元软件和实验对该计算结果进行了验证。结果表明:在柔度矩阵各项参数的解析值与有限元仿真值之间的相对误差中,除c22项误差较大(-11.84%)以外,其他项误差均在4%以内;柔性换向机构刚度及传动比的解析值与仿真值之间的相对误差分别为-3.31%和5.27%;柔性换向机构刚度及传动比的解析值与实验值之间的相对误差分别在6%与11%以内。     

绳索驱动式变刚度关节柔顺控制与力补偿方法研究

机器人柔顺运动有助于提高机器人交互运动时的安全性与稳定性,越来越受到人们的重视。针对一种绳索驱动式具有主被动柔顺性的柔性机器人关节,提出一种适用于绳索驱动式变刚度关节的刚度与位置解耦控制方式,实现了关节位置控制的同时,又实现了关节柔顺性的统一。利用雅可比矩阵和模型间静力学关系,得到关节刚度模型,并通过优化方法对变刚度装置的力学模型和刚度模型构成的非线性方程组求解,实现变刚度关节刚度与位置的非线性解耦。在解耦控制基础上提出一种力矩观测方法,实现了关节力矩补偿,增强了关节位置控制能力;建立了绳索驱动式变刚度关节样机和控制系统,并通过仿真和实验分析的方式验证了所提柔顺控制方式的可行性和有效性。     

Analytical Compliance Modeling of Serial Flexure-Based Compliant Mechanism Under Arbitrary Applied Load

Analytical compliance model is vital to the flexure- based compliant mechanism in its mechanical design and motion control. The matrix is a common and effective approach in the compliance modeling while it is not well developed for the closed-loop serial and parallel compliant mechanisms and is not applicable to the situation when the external loads are applied on the flexure members. Concise and explicit analytical compliance models of the serial flexure-based compliant mechanisms under arbitrary loads are derived by using the matrix method. An equivalent method is proposed to deal with the situation when the external loads are applied on the flexure members. The external loads are transformed to concentrated forces applied on the rigid links, which satisfy the equations of static equilibrium and also guarantee that the deformations at the displacement output point remain unchanged. Then the matrix method can be still adopted for the compliance analysis of the compliant mechanism. Finally, several specific examples and an experimental test are given to verify the effectiveness of the compliance models and the force equivalent method. The research enriches the matrix method and provides concise analytical compliance models for the serial compliant mechanism.     

基于伪刚体模型法的全柔性机构位置分析

柔性机构是一种依靠构件元素的弹性变形传输所希望运动的机构。具有集中柔度的全柔性机构是其中的一种类型，其特征是机构中传统形式的铰链全部被柔性铰链所代替。对它的研究，近年来也已成为一个热点。为探索这类全柔性机构的运动学问题，首先建立起柔性铰链变形刚度模型。在此基础上，提出了一种扩展的伪刚体模型法，很好地解决了机构的位置正、反解问题。     

KINEMATICS FEATURE ANALYSIS OF A 3-DOF COMPLIANT MECHANISM FOR MICRO MANIPULATION

Kinematics and its related issues of a 3-DOF in-parallel compliant mechanism are focused on. The micro manipulation application that requires high accuracy is developed. Design of the developed micromanipulator is based on the modified Delta mechanism. The main advantages of this manipulator are the use of only revolute flexure hinges and the capability to produce pure translation theoretically. The aim is to develop an efficient kinematic model used for positioning control. For this purpose, the Jacobian matrix relating the end effector position with the actuator displacements is obtained by both theoretical derivation and experiment. Aiming at the abnormality in the motion capabilities of the micromanipulator found in calibration experiment, the mobility of the compliant mechanism on a theoretical level is analyzed by using the matrix method and screw theory. Both the experimental and theoretical results have verified that the compliant mechanism does have rotational motion.     

Tricept机械手静刚度解析建模方法

以Tricept机械手的3自由度球坐标型并联机构为例,提出含恰约束支链的球坐标型并联构型装备静刚度解析建模方法。该方法首先借助子结构综合思想将末端执行器位姿变形分解为无约束主动支链的拉压变形、恰约束支链的弯曲变形及其扭转变形3个部分,然后利用虚功原理和结构矩阵法建立各子结构系统的静柔度模型,最后借助线性叠加原理组集整机末端静柔度模型。在建模过程中,侧重研究恰约束支链弯曲刚度以及铰链刚度的建模方法。在此基础上,考察了Tricept机械手中3自由度并联机构静刚度在工作空间中的变化规律,并借助全局性能指标评价了主要构件柔度对整机柔度的贡献。     

基于模态理论的白车身静刚度计算方法

以线性系统的模态理论为基础,将简单矩形框架的弹性体模态与静刚度之间的关联性推广到白车身,推导出了具体的数学表达式,再以此为依据,通过有限元分析直接提取各阶弹性体模态参数,从而获取车身静刚度,改变了以往依靠柔度矩阵和大型试验来计算静刚度的方法。研究结果表明,模态理论方法和传统静力学方法所得到的静刚度相差在10%以内,说明白车身的整体静态柔度可以用模态柔度贡献量之和表达,且这种计算方法具有较高精度,能为低阶模态和刚度性能的目标设定提供参考。同时,各阶模态的柔度贡献量的大小可以作为低阶模态识别的重要依据。最后将有限元计算结果与白车身静刚度试验结果作对比,其误差控制在8%以内,其中由模态方法计算的扭转刚度误差低于3%,因此说明此次有限元分析是可靠的。     

Design and stiffness analysis of a compliant spherical chain with three degrees of freedom

This paper introduces and investigates a compliant spherical 3R open chain that is obtained by the in-series connection of three identical circularly-curved beam flexures with coincident centers of curvature and mutually orthogonal axes of maximum rotational compliance. The considered open chain is intended to be used directly as a spherical mechanism in pointing devices or as a complex spherical flexure for the development of spatial parallel manipulators. The compliance matrix of the proposed chain is first determined via an analytical procedure. After finite element validation, the obtained equations are used in a parametric study to assess the influence of circularly-curved beam flexure geometric parameters on the overall stiffness performances of the considered compliant spherical 3R open chain. In addition, comparison with an equivalent compliant spherical chain employing straight beam flexures is reported to highlight the added benefits of using circularly-curved beam flexures in terms of reduced parasitic motions.     

Compliance modeling and analysis of a 3-RPS parallel kinematic machine module

The compliance modeling and rigidity performance evaluation for the lower mobility parallel manipulators are still to be remained as two overwhelming challenges in the stage of conceptual design due to their geometric complexities. By using the screw theory, this paper explores the compliance modeling and eigencompliance evaluation of a newly patented 1T2R spindle head whose topological architecture is a 3-RPS parallel mechanism. The kinematic definitions and inverse position analysis are briefly addressed in the first place to provide necessary information for compliance modeling. By considering the 3-RPS parallel kinematic machine（PKM） as a typical compliant parallel device, whose three limb assemblages have bending, extending and torsional deflections, an analytical compliance model for the spindle head is established with screw theory and the analytical stiffness matrix of the platform is formulated. Based on the eigenscrew decomposition, the eigencompliance and corresponding eigenscrews are analyzed and the platform＇s compliance properties are physically interpreted as the suspension of six screw springs. The distributions of stiffness constants of the six screw springs throughout the workspace are predicted in a quick manner with a piece-by-piece calculation algorithm. The numerical simulation reveals a strong dependency of platform＇s compliance on its configuration in that they are axially symmetric due to structural features. At the last stage, the effects of some design variables such as structural, configurational and dimensional parameters on system rigidity characteristics are investigated with the purpose of providing useful information for the structural design and performance improvement of the PKM. Compared with previous efforts in compliance analysis of PKMs, the present methodology is more intuitive and universal thus can be easily applied to evaluate the overall rigidity performance of other PKMs with high efficiency.     

Elasto‐aerodynamic lubrication analysis of a self‐acting air foil journal bearing

Nowadays, air foil bearings find widespread use in very high speed, lightly loaded oil‐free rotating turbomachineries such as compressors and microgas turbines because they have theoretically no speed limitations and they are environmentally benign. In the design of such bearings, it is of cardinal importance to enhance their steady‐state and dynamic performance characteristics for the safety operation, especially against the external dynamic excitations. Most of elasto‐aerodynamic approaches under dynamic conditions proposed in the technical literature include only the static pressure induced deformation of foils. This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the effects of both static and dynamic deformations of the foils on the dynamic performance characteristics and stability of a self‐acting air foil journal bearing operating under small harmonic vibrations. For the dynamic deformations of foils to be taken into account, the perturbation method is used for determining the gas‐film stiffness and damping coefficients for given values of excitation frequency, compressibility number and compliance factor of the bump foil. The rotor‐dynamic coefficients serve as input data for the linear stability analysis of rotor‐bearing system. The nonlinear stationary Reynolds' equation is solved by means of the Galerkin's finite element formulation, whereas the finite differences method are used to solve the first‐order complex dynamic equations resulting from the perturbation of the transient compressible Reynolds' equation. As a first approximation, the corrugated subfoil is modelled as a simple elastic foundation, i.e. the stiffness of a bump is uniformly distributed throughout the bearing surface. It was found that the dynamic properties and stability of the compliant finite length journal bearing are significantly affected by the compliance of foils especially when the dynamic deformation of foils is considered in addition to the static one by applying the principle of superposition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.