Ni／Al复合涂层的显微组织及其强化机理

Ni/Al复合涂层由30层平均厚度为900nm的Ni和200nm的Al层交替组合而成,涂层总厚度约为15um。试验结果表明,由于复合涂层能在Ni层和Al 层之间形成一亚稳相（Al9Ni2)过滤层,使涂层的强度,硬度有了较大幅度的提高。     

原位合成TiC/Ni3Al表面复合涂层

采用铸造工艺结合SHS技术制备出TiC/Ni3Al表面复合涂层材料,研究了涂层的物相、组织和界面形态.结果表明:Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系反应完全,产物为TiC和Ni3Al.表面复合涂层中直径为1～3 μm的TiC颗粒呈球形镶嵌在Ni3Al基体上,且随着TiC含量的提高,颗粒尺寸略有长大、分布更均匀、涂层更致密;涂层与钢基体界面为良好的冶金结合,界面随TiC含量的变化而呈现出不同的形貌,在w(TiC)<45%时,涂层为一整体,从涂层到界面处Ni、Al、Ti、Fe元素呈梯度变化;在w(TiC)≥45%时,涂层出现了分层现象.     

钛合金表面磁控溅射制备羟基磷灰石/氧化钇稳定氧化锆复合涂层

采用磁控溅射法在Ti6Al4V基体上制备了HA／YSZ复合涂层。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和划痕法对涂层进行了表征。结果表明：用磁控溅射法可在Ti6Al4V基体上成功制备HA／YSZ复合涂层，涂层主要含有HA、ZrO2和Y2O3物相，此外还有少量的TCP和CaO相；涂层表面呈多孔状，有利于类骨组织的长入，表面显微粗糙度约为140nm，涂层厚度约为4μm；划痕法测量涂层与基体的附着力约为80N。     

Ni81Fe19层厚度对自旋阀巨磁电阻性能的影响

利用磁控溅射法,制备了一种上钉扎的标准自旋阀结构Ta(6nm)/Ni81Fe19/Co90Fe10(1nm)/Cu(1.8nm)/Co90Fe10(3.5nm)/Ir20Mn80(8nm)/Ta(6nm),并研究了自旋阀结构中Ni81Fe19层厚度对自旋阀巨磁电阻变化率的影响,发现巨磁电阻变化率对于Ni81Fe19层厚度具有强烈的依赖性.当Ni81Fe19层厚度位于2～6nm和7～12nm两个范围时,巨磁电阻变化率分别维持在较高(约8.34%)和较低(约3.34%)的两个水平,而当Ni81Fe19层厚度从6nm增加到7nm时,巨磁电阻变化率急剧降低,达5%.由此可见,为了得到高磁阻变化率,此类自旋阀结构中的Ni81Fe19层厚度不能超过6nm.     

不同温度下沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN复合涂层的物相结构和性能

采用高温化学气相沉积技术,于1 000～1 100℃在WC-6%Co硬质合金基体表面制备了TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN复合陶瓷涂层,研究了复合涂层的物相、表面和横截面形貌、显微硬度、界面结合强度和耐磨损性能。结果表明:沉积温度为1 000℃时,复合涂层中Al2O3层为κ相和α相共存;当沉积温度升至1 050℃和1 100℃时,Al2O3层为单一的α相;1 050℃下沉积复合涂层的表面平整、结构致密,1 000℃沉积复合涂层中的TiCN层存在少量孔洞,1 100℃下沉积复合涂层中TiCN层的柱状晶沿某一方向生长比较明显,较高的沉积温度加速了钛元素向Al2O3层的外扩散;1 050℃下沉积复合涂层的显微硬度最大,为1 828HV,该涂层的耐磨损性能最佳,其与基体间的结合强度最高,临界载荷为135.2N。     

AP涂层立洗刀

<正>这是三菱金属公司最近开发的新产品.1.AP涂层的特点新开发的涂层物质为(Ti、Al)N系化合物,采用物理气相沉积工艺进行多层涂复,涂层颜色为近似水晶的紫色.AP涂层的厚度比过去的TiN、TiCN涂层薄一些.切削试验表明,膜层厚度小者比厚度大者的抗崩刃性更优越,工具寿命也更长.AP涂层与基体材料的粘结强度很高,与(Ti、Al)N的单层涂层相比,具有更好的耐磨性和抗崩刃性.2.AP涂层刀具的切削性能目前,AP徐层主要用于立铣刀的涂复处理,因此,其切削性能也主要是指AP涂层立铣刀的切削性能.(1)以ф10双齿平头立铣刀为例,在其他条件相同的情况下,未涂层立铣刀推荐切削速     

射频磁控溅射法制备NiAl纳米晶化合物涂层

介绍一种利用射频磁控溅射法和一个由纯Ni和纯Al合成的特制靶材制备NiAl纳米晶涂层的新工艺 ,涂层可沉积在工业纯铝、不锈钢以及硼硅酸盐玻璃等多种基体上。XRD、TEM和SAED分析表明 ,该涂层呈规则的立方晶体结构 ,晶粒尺寸 <10nm ,且沉积在硼硅酸盐玻璃上的涂层具有 (111)择尤取向 ,涂层厚度约 10 μm。     

高性能陶瓷喷涂粉末及其涂层的应用研究

针对高性能陶瓷涂层材料的开发和在机械产品上的应用 ,本成果研制成功 P7151(铝镁尖晶石 )、P72 51(锆英石 )、P74 12 (氧化铬基 )三种团聚型复合陶瓷涂层粉末 ,以及 P6 0 12(Ni Cr Al)、P6 0 4 1(Zn Ni)两种粘结过渡层用金属复合粉末。具有良好的等离子喷涂工艺性能 ,P72 51和 P6 0 4 1涂层材料填补了国内空白。通过对涂层的摩擦学性能和腐蚀性能等研究 ,实现了高性能陶瓷复合粉末材料、过渡层材料、涂层设计、涂层工艺制备技术、涂层后加工处理技术以及在典型机械产品上应用的成套技术综合开发。所设计的四种涂层体系已用于 1光学玻…     

射频磁控溅射法制备NiAl纳米晶化合物涂层

介绍一种利用射频磁控溅射法和一个电纯Ni和纯Al合成的特制靶材制备NiAl纳米晶涂层的新工艺,涂层可沉积在工业纯铝、不锈钢以及硼硅酸玻璃等多种基体上。XRD、TEM和SAED分析表明,该涂层呈规则的立方晶体结构,晶粒尺寸＜10nm,且沉积在硼硅酸盐玻璃上的涂层具有（111）择尤取向,涂层厚度约10μm。     

含无机类富勒烯(IF)过渡族金属硫化物纳米复合涂层的环境摩擦磨损特性

采用固-气相反应、反应沉淀和溶剂热诱导法实现了IF-MoS2、IF-WS2纳米粉体的宏观量制备.分别用化学共沉积方法在硬铝基体上制备Ni-P-(IF-WS2)复合镀层,磁控溅射和激光溅射技术在硬铝合金和钛合金基体上制各(Ni,Mo)/IF-(Mo,W)S2梯度纳米复合涂层和IF-(Mo,W)S2/(Ni,Mo)-IF-(Mo,W)S2多层纳米复合涂层.用划痕仪、球-盘式摩擦仪评估纳米涂层的结合力及其在真空(10-2 Pa)和大气中的摩擦磨损性能.Ni-P-(IF-MoS2)化学复合镀层的硬度、摩擦因数和磨损率明显低于Ni-P化学镀层.梯度和多层复合结构有利于涂层与合金基体结合力的提高.(Ni,Mo)/IF-(Mo,W)S2纳米梯度复合涂层和(Ni,Mo)-IF-(Mo,W)S2/IF-(Mo,W)S2纳米多层复合涂层在不同环境下都有低的摩擦因数和磨损率.含无机类富勒烯(IF-)WS2或MoS2的纳米复合涂层具有优良的环境稳定性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.