AZ91D镁合金微动磨损特性研究

采用液压高精度材料试验机考察了平面一球面接触的AZ91D镁合金摩擦副的微动磨损行为，分析了位移幅值、法向载荷和频率等参数对摩擦因数和磨损体积的影响，考察了不同实验条件下的磨斑形貌，并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明：AZ91D镁合金的微动区域可分为部分滑移区、混合区和滑移区3个区域，粘着磨损、疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损分别是3个区域的主要磨损机制；磨损体积随着位移幅值和法向载荷的增加而增大，但却随着频率的增大而减小。在微动部分滑移区和混合区，摩擦因数随着位移增大迅速增加；在微动滑移区，摩擦因数随法向载荷的增大而减小，而位移幅值和频率对摩擦因数的影响较小。     

LZ50车轴钢转动微动摩擦学特性研究

在新型转动微动磨损试验机上,进行LZ50车轴钢/GCr15钢在法向载荷为10N、转动角位移幅值为0.125°～0.5°的转动微动磨损试验。在摩擦动力学行为分析的基础上,结合磨痕的微观分析,研究材料的转动微动磨损机理。结果表明,LZ50车轴钢的微动运行区域仅呈现部分滑移区和滑移区,未观察到混合区。滑移区的摩擦因数明显高于部分滑移区;摩擦因数随着转动角位移幅值的增加而增大。车轴钢在部分滑移区损伤轻微,磨痕呈环状;而在滑移区,接触中心呈现材料塑性流动累积造成"隆起"特征,LZ50钢的转动微动磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、剥层和氧化磨损。     

钛合金球与骨水泥界面之间的微动磨损机制研究

采用钛合金球与自制骨水泥试样以球/平面接触方式,在自制的微动摩擦磨损试验机上开展干摩擦和25%小牛血清介质中切向微动磨损试验研究,考察钛合金球与骨水泥界面之间的微动运行特性,并采用S-3000N型扫描电镜观察磨痕形貌来分析其微动磨损机制。结果表明:随着微动振幅的增加,微动运行由部分滑移区向混合区转变。随着接触载荷的增加,试样接触面之间更容易发生黏着。与干摩擦相比,在小牛血清溶液中部分滑移区向较大振幅区扩展。部分滑移区摩擦因数值较低且保持稳定,混合区的摩擦因数先增大后保持不变。稳定摩擦因数随着接触载荷的增加而减小,随微动振幅增大而增大。骨水泥试样的磨损量在小牛血清介质中比在空气中大,并且随接触载荷增大而增大。骨水泥在小牛血清介质中微动磨损的损伤机制主要为黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,溶液分子在应力作用下对骨水泥基体有削弱作用。     

海水环境下2507超级双相不锈钢微动磨损性能研究

采用SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机研究在干摩擦和水溶液介质中微动振幅对2507超级双相不锈钢微动磨损行为的影响,利用三维轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜分别对试样的磨痕深度、磨损体积和磨痕表面微观形貌进行表征分析。结果表明:在干摩擦下,随振幅增加微动运行区域发生了由部分滑移区向滑移区的转变,摩擦因数随振幅的增加先增大后趋于稳定,磨痕深度和磨损体积随振幅的增加而增大,磨损机制由局部氧化磨损、局部疲劳磨损转变为氧化磨损、黏着磨损和剥落磨损;水溶液中,海水中摩擦因数随振幅的波动较去离子水中的大,且海水中由于存在腐蚀与磨损交互作用,磨痕深度和磨损体积也都比去离子水中的略大,磨损机制主要是轻微氧化磨损、磨粒磨损伴随疲劳磨损。     

温度对不同运行工况下Zr-4锆合金微动磨损行为的影响

采用高温微动磨损试验机对Zr-4合金管进行切向微动磨损试验，通过改变法向载荷研究了试验温度(25,100,200,325℃)对不同运行工况(完全滑移区和部分滑移区)下微动磨损行为的影响。结果表明：在相同试验温度下完全滑移区的摩擦因数高于部分滑移区，不同运行工况下200,325℃时的摩擦因数更早达到稳定状态。在完全滑移区，合金的磨损机制包括磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层，温度的升高对合金微动磨损程度的影响较大，325℃时的微动磨损程度最大；而在部分滑移区，磨损机制包括剥层、黏着磨损和氧化磨损，试验温度的升高对微动磨损程度的影响很小。在相同试验温度下，部分滑移区的微动磨损量远低于完全滑移区；试验温度的升高对完全滑移区微动磨损量的影响较明显，而对部分滑移区的影响不大。     

位移幅值对ZG230-450铸钢微动磨损行为的影响

在不同位移幅值(60～140μm)下对ZG230-450铸钢进行微动磨损试验,研究了位移幅值对摩擦因数、磨损体积和磨损机制的影响.结果表明:随着位移幅值增大,铸钢的微动磨损行为由混合滑移转变为完全滑移,耗散能逐渐增大;混合滑移状态下,摩擦因数经过上升阶段后就迅速进入稳定阶段,而完全滑移状态下的摩擦因数经历了上升阶段、波动阶段和趋于稳定阶段,位移幅值越大,进入稳定阶段需要的往复运动次数越多;随着位移幅值增大,磨痕面积和磨损体积均增加,磨损机制由黏着磨损和剥层磨损向磨粒磨损和剥层磨损过渡.     

Ti6Al4V合金在Saline溶液中的微动腐蚀特性

采用液压高精度微动试验机,做了Ti6A l4V/Si3N4摩擦副在干态、蒸馏水和Saline溶液等3种介质中的微动腐蚀试验,用激光共焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)观察了磨痕表面形貌并测量了磨损体积。结果表明:蒸馏水和Saline溶液改变了微动运行区域;空气中的摩擦因数与磨损体积最大,Saline溶液中最小,3种介质中的摩擦因数与磨损体积均随位移增加而增加;载荷增加时,磨损体积增大而摩擦因数减小;较大位移时,腐蚀与磨损交互作用显著地加速了Ti6A l4V的材料流失;微动损伤主要表现为剥落与磨粒磨损共同作用。     

离子渗氮／ 渗硫层转动微动摩擦学行为研究

利用渗氮/渗硫复合处理在LZ50钢表面制备离子渗氮/渗硫层,在干态及不同角位移幅值下对渗层及其基体材料进行转动微动磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和2D/3D轮廓仪对磨痕进行微观分析。试验结果表明：渗氮/渗硫层改变了基体材料的微动运行工况图,部分滑移区和滑移区边界向部分滑移区移动,滑移区运行范围增大;在部分滑移区,渗层的摩擦因数明显低于基体材料,其损伤十分轻微;在滑移区,次表层剥落的硬质颗粒使得稳定阶段摩擦因数高于基体材料,磨损机制为磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和剥层。     

MoS_2涂层扭动微动磨损特性有限元分析

为探讨MoS2固体润滑涂层在抗扭动微动磨损中应用的可行性,对MoS2涂层在扭动微动下摩擦力学性能进行有限元分析,研究扭转角位移幅值、法向载荷、摩擦因数等对MoS2涂层接触表面力学行为的影响,并与基体材料扭动微动力学行为进行比较。分析结果显示:MoS2涂层扭动微动运行区域的改变消除了混合区裂纹萌生与扩展所产生的损伤;MoS2涂层在部分滑移区和滑移区,其表面塑性应变虽比基体大,但明显较小的摩擦剪应力,在部分滑移区不足以启动MoS2涂层晶体的滑移,在滑移区对塑性流动层的剪切作用不够,因此MoS2涂层表面磨损较轻微,即MoS2能有效发挥抗扭动微动磨损作用。     

2.25Cr1Mo传热管切向微动磨损性能研究

钠冷快堆换热器中的冷却剂与构件之间的流致振动会导致传热管发生微动磨损。以钠冷快堆换热器传热管候选材料2.25Cr1Mo钢为研究对象，研究其在不同法向载荷(10、20、30 N)下的切向微动磨损行为和损伤演变规律；采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及EDS对磨痕的形貌及摩擦化学反应进行分析；通过白光干涉仪获得传热管的磨损量。结果表明：随着法向载荷的增加，2.25Cr1Mo钢的微动模式由完全滑移转变为部分滑移，摩擦因数、磨损体积随着法向载荷的增加先增加后减小；当载荷为10～20 N时，2.25Cr1Mo钢的主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损、分层剥落以及氧化磨损，当载荷为30 N时，主要磨损机制为黏着磨损、塑性变形和氧化磨损。     

Oil-Lubricated Fretting Behaviors of 304 Stainless Steels under Different Fretting Strokes and Normal Loads

The influence of oil lubrication on the fretting wear behaviors of 304 stainless steel flat specimens under different fretting strokes and normal loads has been investigated. The results proved that fretting regimes and fretting wear behaviors of 304 stainless steels were closely related to the fretting conditions. In general, the increase in normal load could increase wear damage during sliding wear. However, according to the results, a significant reduction in wear volume and increase in friction coefficient was observed when the normal load was increased to critical values of 40 and 50 N at a fretting stroke of 50 μm due to the transformation of the fretting regime from a gross slip regime to partial slip regime. Only when the fretting stroke further increased to a higher value of 70 μm at 50 N, fretting could enter the gross slip regime. There was low wear volume and a high friction coefficient when fretting was in the partial slip regime, because oil penetration was poor. The wear mechanisms were fatigue damage and plastic deformation. There was high wear volume and low friction coefficient when fretting was in the gross slip regime, because the oil could penetrate into the contact surfaces. Unlike the wear mechanisms in the partial slip regime, fretting damage of 304 stainless steels was mainly caused by abrasive wear in the gross slip regime.     

Fretting wear behaviors of steel wires under friction-increasing grease conditions

Fretting wear tests were performed on the self-made fretting wear rig to investigate fretting wear behaviors of steel wires under friction-increasing grease conditions. The results demonstrated that the fretting regimes were dependent on displacement amplitudes and normal loads. The friction coefficient exhibited different variation trends in different fretting regimes. Friction-increasing grease changed the fretting running behavior and had a very good wear resistance for steel wires. Wear was slight in partial slip regime. Mixed regime was characterized by plastic deformation, fatigue cracks and abrasive wear. Slip regime presented main damage mechanisms of abrasive wear, fatigue wear and oxidation.     

Effect of Cold Rolling on the Fretting Wear Behavior and Mechanism in Inconel 690 Alloy

The influence of cold rolling on the fretting wear behavior and mechanism of Inconel 690 alloy at 320?°C in air was studied. The wear volume and worn surface were obtained and analyzed using laser scanning confocal microscopy, electron back-scattering diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The grinding surface and strain distribution were also studied by electron back-scattering diffraction to analyze the mechanism of fretting damage. The results indicated that with an increase in cold rolling reduction, the microhardness was increased. However, the friction coefficient and wear volume first increased and then decreased. The characteristics of fretting areas changed from a gross slip regime to a partial slip regime. Accordingly, the damage mechanism in the gross slip regime was a combination of oxidative wear, abrasive wear, and delamination, whereas the damage mechanism in the partial slip regime was mainly adhesive wear.     

Fretting wear behavior of superelastic nickel titanium shape memory alloy

The fretting behavior of superelastic nickel titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy was studied at various displacement amplitudes on a serve-hydraulic dynamic test machine. The results showed that the superelastic properties of the material played a key role in the observed excellent fretting behavior of NiTi alloy. Due to the low phase transition stress (only 1/4 the value of its plastic yield stress) and the large recoverable phase transition strain (5%) of NiTi, the friction force of NiTi/GCr15 stainless steel pair is smaller than the value of GCr15/GCr15 pair and at the same time the Rabinowicz wear coefficient of NiTi plate is about 1/9 the value of GCr15 plate under the same fretting conditions. For NiTi/GCr15 pair, even NiTi has a much lower hardness than GCr15, the superelastic NiTi alloy exhibits superior fretting wear property than GCr15 steel. It was found that the weak ploughing was the main wear mechanism of NiTi alloy in the partial slip regime. While in the mixed regime and gross slip regime, the wear of NiTi was mainly caused by the abrasive wear of the GCr15 debris in the three-body wear mode.     

粘结MoS2固体润滑涂层的转动微动磨损特性

采用粘结法在LZ50钢表面制备MoS2固体润滑涂层,研究MoS2涂层及LZ50钢基体在干态不同角位移幅值下的转动微动磨损行为。在分析转动微动动力学特性的同时,结合光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱仪以及轮廓仪对磨痕形貌进行微观分析。结果表明:涂层和基体的转动微动运行区域仅呈现部分滑移区(Partial slip regime,PSR)和滑移区(Slip regime,SR),未观察到混合区。涂层改变基体的微动运行区域,使得PSR缩小,SR运行区域向小角位移幅值方向移动。由于MoS2涂层的固体润滑作用,涂层的摩擦因数在整个试验过程都明显低于基体。在PSR,涂层损伤轻微;在SR,涂层的转动微动磨损机制主要表现为剥层和摩擦氧化。研究表明粘结MoS2固体润滑涂层具有明显的防护作用,显著降低LZ50钢的转动微动磨损。     

On the mechanisms of various fretting wear modes

According to relative motion directions for a ball-on-flat contact, there are four fundamental fretting wear modes, e.g., tangential, radial, torsional and rotational modes. In this paper, the mechanisms of these four fundamental fretting wear modes, particularly for the later three modes, have been reviewed from results obtained by the authors in combination with results from literature. Some general features have been reported. Differences both in running and degradation behavior have been discussed in detail. Results showed that some similar laws for three fretting regimes (partial slip regime, mixed regime and slip regime), fretting maps (running condition fretting map and material response fretting map), wear and cracking mechanisms obtained from the classic mode (i.e. tangential fretting) were also identified and useful to characterize the other modes. Nevertheless, the occurrence of relative slip for the radial fretting, the formation of mixed regime for the torsional fretting, the evolution of surface morphology for the rotational fretting were quite different compared to that of the classical fretting mode.     

桨-毂轴承材料扭动微动磨损行为研究

采用面接触扭动微动形式,以动力定位系统可调距螺旋桨桨-毂轴承摩擦副材料(CuNiAl-42CrMo4)为对象,以不同的角位移幅值模拟海水波动影响下的微动磨损行为,并结合扫描电子显微镜和超景深三维显微镜对磨痕形貌进行分析,探究桨-毂轴承摩擦副材料扭动微动磨损规律。结果表明,随着角位移幅值的增加,扭动微动依次运行于部分滑移区、混合区、滑移区,摩擦因数减小,同时磨损量增加,微动损伤中剥层机制所占的比例逐渐增加,且由于疲劳裂纹扩展的不利影响,实际运行过程中要尽量避开混合区。     

Effect of Cold Rolling on the Fretting Wear Behavior and Mechanism in Inconel 600 Alloy

The fretting test was carried out using an SRV IV fretting test rig in order to investigate the fretting wear behavior and mechanism in Inconel 600 alloy at room temperature. The materials were rolled to different reductions before the test. The effect of cold rolling on the friction coefficient and wear volume was subsequently investigated. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the wear scar were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD). The results indicated that the cold rolling had a different effect on wear behavior in different slip regimes. In the stick regime, cold rolling strongly decreased the wear volume, although it did not affect the friction coefficient. The 25% rolled specimen had the minimum wear volume. The mechanisms of as-received and 50% rolled specimens were delamination and oxidation wear, whereas for the 25% rolled specimen, cracking was the main wear mechanism. In the gross slip regime, cold rolling had little effect on the friction coefficient or wear volume. The fretting wear process gave rise to a decrease in the Σ3 grain boundary, an increase in local misorientation, and a change in the crystal orientation.     

Experimental Study of the Fretting Wear Behavior of Incoloy 800 Alloy at High Temperature

The fretting wear behavior of the nuclear power material Incoloy 800 was investigated in this study. A PLINT high-temperature fretting tester was used on an Incoloy 800 cylinder against a 304SS cylinder at vertical cross contact under different temperatures (25, 300, and 400°C). During testing, a normal load of 80 N was applied, and the displacement amplitudes ranged from 2 to 40 µm. The fretting wear mechanism at high temperatures and the kinetic character of the materials of the Incoloy 800 steam generator tube were analyzed. Results showed that the fretting running regimes varied little with ncreasing temperature, and some microcracks were observed in both the mixed fretting regime (MFR) and the partial slip regime (PSR) at high temperatures. Slight abrasive wear and microcracks were the main wear mechanisms of the Incoloy 800 alloy in PSR, whereas those in the MFR and the gross slip regime were oxidative wear, abrasive wear, and delamination.