空间散乱点k近邻搜索的新策略

提出了一种快速搜索k近邻点的算法。本算法采用空间包围盒分块策略,将数据点空间沿三个坐标轴方向分割成若干小立方体子空间。在局部搜索过程中,通过方向控制减小扩展的搜索范围,优先在k近邻最有可能出现的立方体子空间内搜索。大量实际数据的实验结果表明:本文算法可以大大提高海量散乱数据点的k近邻搜索的速度。     

空间散乱点尼近邻搜索的新策略

提出了一种快速搜索后近邻点的算法。本算法采用空间包围盒分决策略,将数据点空间沿三个坐标轴方向分割成若干小立方体子空间。在局部搜索过程中,通过方向控制减小扩展的搜索范围,优先在后近邻最有可能出现的立方体子空间内搜索。大量实际数据的实验结果表明：本文算法可以大大提高海量散乱数据点的后近邻搜索的速度。     

一种快速搜索散乱点云数据k邻近的算法

针对逆向工程中散乱点云数据的k近邻搜索,提出一种快速搜索散乱点云k邻近点的算法。该算法根据点云数据的范围、点的总数及最近点数目k,确定合适的立方体边长,采用空间划分策略,把数据划分成多个子立方体;然后用哈希表记录每个予立方体所包含的数据点及每个点所在的立方体索引号,并排除不包含数据的子立方体,以此确定邻近点的最佳搜索范围。实验结果表明：该算法有效的提高k近邻搜索的速度,同时保证了搜索结果的正确性。     

逆向工程中散乱点云的K邻域搜索算法研究

针对逆向工程中散乱点云的K邻域搜索,提出了一种快速、精确的散乱点云K邻域搜索算法。该算法根据点云包围盒的大小,点的总数以及邻域点的个数,采用二次空间划分的策略,以确定合适的立方体小栅格的梭长,从而保证立方体小栅格里点的个数相对均匀。然后,建立以采样点为中心的球体、该点到所对应的立方体小栅格环六壁的距离为半径的取值范围,依次增加该球体的半径,以球体内有K个点为中止条件,可以快速完成采样点的K邻域搜索。与已有算法相比,该算法具有较高的搜索效率。     

面向曲面重构的切平面法矢方向调整算法

提出一种基于法向距离的法矢方向调整算法。主要思想是根据法向距离阈值,把散乱点划分为平坦点和非平坦点两种类型;根据其邻近点是否有不平坦点来采用不同的法矢传播方式而无需建立散乱点法矢的Riemannian图;并提出了两次最近距离和一次k近邻遍历法加快了法矢的传播速度。应用实验球、切牙、磨牙、怪兽和全口牙模5个不同点云数据进行了算法验证,对怪兽和全口牙模法矢传播过程中遇到的死锁问题,使用三次最近距离法给予了解决。     

自由曲面测量的三维散乱点云无约束配准

结合局部曲面拟合和广义二分优化搜索,提出了用于大尺寸自由曲面形貌测量中多视三维散乱点云自动配准的算法.首先,对点云微小局部区域进行标准最小二乘曲面拟合,根据拟合残差提取给定点云的全部非平坦区;借助图论中“邻接”与“可达”的概念以及非平坦区的空间分布统计特征,进行相邻点云非平坦区的区域聚类计算以及区域匹配,进而自动获得配准位姿初值.然后,计算源点云在目标点云中最靠近点的k邻近,并向k邻近点的局部移动最小二乘拟合曲面做正交投影,以提取对应点.最后,采用广义二分优化搜索进行位姿变换的优化求解.试验结果表明:该方法稳定、可靠,无需人工交互,适用于采样错移情形.在重叠区域内选取150个对应点进行位姿优化时,平均配准缝隙约为0.02mm,可以满足大尺寸自由曲面形貌测量的多视三维散乱点云配准的要求.     

散乱点云的孔洞识别和边界提取算法研究

针对逆向工程中已有孔洞识别算法执行效率低、孔洞边界点提取不完整等问题,提出一种新的基于KD树和K邻域搜索的点云孔洞识别及边界提取算法。该算法首先利用KD树建立散乱点云的拓扑关系。其次,计算点云密度、定义距离阈值作为判别参数,利用K邻域搜索计算每个点与其K个邻域点的距离,距离大于阈值的点即为边界点。再次,采用单坐标搜索法去除外边界,保留孔洞边界。最后,利用边界追踪算法获取完整的孔洞边界点。以涡轮叶片和挖掘机斗齿为研究对象,对点云上的自然孔洞利用该算法进行识别。结果表明,该算法能够快速地识别出散乱点云中孔洞,并能完整地提取出孔洞边界点,实用性强。     

逆向工程中的数据点云的分割

逆向工程中由数据点云构建物体表面模型中，对数据点云恰当的分割是表面建模的一个很重要步骤。文中以激光-机器视觉测量方式得到的曲面数据云为基础，探讨了曲面密集三维散乱点群数据的分割技术。根据激光测量方式和三维点群分布的特点，建立了在计算机中表示散乱点群数据结构。建立树形空间结构完成对密集散乱点群进行空间分割，由此实现对散乱点群数据的几何分割。     

基于散乱测量数据点的三轴数控粗加工刀位轨迹生成算法

提出了一种直接利用三维散乱测量数据点的三轴数控粗加工刀位轨迹生成算法。首先根据切层深度作一组垂直于Z轴的平面,去截取测量点云,得到一系列切层截面点集,再在每个切层面上组环并判断加工区域,规划出刀位轨迹,将每一分层平面上的刀位轨迹按适当的方式连接起来,就可构成零件的整体加工轨迹。该算法避免了由测量点构造曲面且由曲面来进行刀位轨迹生成的这一复杂过程。     

基于外存的点云拓扑结构建立的八叉树算法

使用激光扫描法获得的点云存在数据量大,杂乱无序的特点,尤其当点云数据量达到百万以上量级时,对于计算机内存也提出了较高的要求,普通PC机无法处理如此巨量的点云.提出一种基于外存(Out-of-core)的数据处理方法,借助于八叉树理论在普通PC机上完成巨量散乱点的前期处理,并使用一种八叉树邻域的搜索方法构建出散乱数据的拓扑结构.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...