合金电子理论及其在钛合金研究中的应用

合金因具有密度小、比强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优良的综合性能在航空航天领域得到越来越广泛的应用,相应地钛合金的理论研究也越来越必要。因此,综述合金电子理论发展现状,指出密度泛函理论和固体与分子经验电子理论的理论基础、计算方法及计算结果的区别与联系,列举出两种理论在钛合金研究中的应用情况。通过对比,给出上述两种理论在钛合金应用中各自的优缺点,展望合金电子理论在钛合金未来研究中的应用前景。     

本钢物资量称量室数据相同总体分布的假设检验

分析称量室数据的变化规律可以很好地校验正在运行中的衡器状况,反之对检斤数据的正确与否也有着指导作用。文章分别采用Mann-Whitney U检验和Wilcoxon rank-sum检验对本钢物资量的两组样本值进行定性分析。发现:①Mann-Whitney U检验认为两组样本观测值同分布;②Wilcoxon ranksum检验认为两组样本观测值没有显著性差异。从而得出结论:称量室数据的样本值有着相同的总体分布。     

粉煤灰/二氧化硅活性剂在Q235钢A-TIG焊中的应用

为了探究粉煤灰作为A-TIG焊活性剂的可行性,以粉煤灰和不同含量的二氧化硅制备复合活性剂在Q235钢基体表面进行A-TIG焊,研究了复合活性剂成分含量对焊缝截面形貌、显微组织和元素分布的影响.结果表明:采用粉煤灰-40%SiO_2作为复合活性剂进行A-TIG焊时,可将6 mm厚Q235钢板一次性焊透,焊缝深宽比可达到0.85;焊缝出现明显的中间收缩倾向,呈"深口杯"状,可实现单道焊双面成型的效果;其焊缝柱状晶数目较多、组织排列规则且具有方向性,熔合区和热影响区组织均匀细小,可降低焊接母材的过热倾向;相对于100%SiO_2活性剂,Si元素的溶入量和溶入深度显著增加,这说明粉煤灰中其他成分的存在对Si元素溶入焊缝、进而增加焊缝熔深起到促进作用.采用粉煤灰-40%SiO_2为活性剂进行A-TIG焊时焊缝熔深的增加机理可能是以电弧收缩理论为主,但考虑到Al元素溶入较深且溶入量较多,粉煤灰中其他物相又十分复杂,在高温电弧作用下各物相之间相互反应放热致使电弧热输入增加、其他组分在熔池中改变了熔池表面张力温度梯度等均可能致使焊缝熔深增加.     

The capability of hibonite elongated grains to influence physical,microstructural, and mechanical properties of zirconia toughened alumina–CeO2–MgO ceramics

This work investigated the capability of hibonite (CaAl₁₂O₁₉) phase on structure and microstructure of zirconia toughened alumina–CeO₂–MgO ceramics. Three different additives (CeO₂, MgO and CaCO₃) were introduced into zirconia toughened alumina ceramics prepared by solid state reaction. X-ray diffraction and FESEM analyses were employed to observe the role of secondary phases especially hibonite and its influence on the microstructural features and other properties. Among the secondary phases present, EDX analysis revealed that hibonite phase contributed to elongated grains. Vickers indentations hinted a strong difference in the efficiency of compositional adjustment among the composites. The excellent Vickers hardness and fracture toughness results obtained for 3 wt.% CaCO₃ additions showed the appearance of 5.9% hibonite with the value of 1485 HV and 7.10 MPa·√m, respectively.     

Slag resistance mechanism of MgO–Mg2SiO4–SiC–C refractories containing porous multiphase aggregates

The slag resistance of MgO–SiC–C (MSC) refractories should be improved because of the mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient between the aggregates and matrix, as well as the defects caused by the affinity between periclase and slag. In this study, MgO–Mg₂SiO₄–SiC–C (MMSC) refractories were prepared using porous multiphase MgO–Mg₂SiO₄ (M-M₂S) aggregates to replace dense fused magnesia aggregates. Compared to MSC, the slag penetration index of MMSC decreased by 43.5%. The structure of the porous aggregates increased the surface roughness, and the multiphase composition of the aggregates decreased the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient with the matrix, thus reducing debonding between the aggregates and matrix. The aggregates and matrix in the MMSC formed an interlocking structure, which bound them more tightly to improve the slag resistance. The slag viscosity at different depths from the initial slag/refractory interface was calculated using the Ribond model. The M-M₂S aggregates increased Si_xO_y^z− in the slag, which increased the slag polymerization and slag viscosity. The aggregates and matrix in the MMSC reacted with the slag to form high melting point phases, which reduced the channel of the slag. In addition, the penetration depth and velocity derived from the Washburn Equation were modified for the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–FeO slag and magnesia based refractory to accurately evaluate slag penetration.     

含Y2O3电渣重熔渣系对CLAM钢组织及力学性能的影响

摘 要：利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等分析手段研究了不同含Y2O3渣系对Y-CLAM钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明：相比于70CaF2-30Y2O3渣系电渣重熔后的Y1-CLAM钢,经40CaF2-30CaO-30Y2O3渣系电渣重熔后的Y2-CLAM钢具有更高质量分数的Y,即适度提高渣系中CaO质量分数可提高Y-CLAM钢中Y元素收得率;在相同的热处理制度下,Y1-CLAM钢和Y2-CLAM钢均为回火马氏体组织;2炉实验钢晶粒尺寸、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率相近,但Y2-CLAM钢室温冲击功明显高于Y1-CLAM钢;Y2-CLAM钢韧脆转变温度（DBTT）比Y1-CLAM钢降低了12℃。     

The Mechanism of corrosion of MgOCaZrO3–calcium silicate materials by cement clinker

The chemical reactions involved in the corrosion of MgOCaZrO₃–calcium silicate materials by cement clinker were studied using a hot-stage microscope up to 1600 °C. The phases formed at 1500 °C were characterized by RLOM and SEM–EDS of the crystalline phases conducted near the reaction front and on unreacted refractory area.The general corrosion mechanism of attack on MgOCaZrO₃–calcium silicate materials involves a mechanism of matter diffusion of the liquid clinker phase through the grain boundaries and pores into the refractory substrate. The liquid phases in the clinker mainly enriched in calcium, iron and aluminium are rapidly diffused and preferentially react with magnesium spinel, calcium zirconate and magnesia, which are the major constituents in the refractory substrates. The dissolution of the CaZrO₃ refractory phase produces the enrichment with zirconium of the liquid phase increasing its viscosity and hindering the liquid phase diffusion.     

采用驻波理论的一种特殊的隔声结构

在为相对狭小声源作隔声处理过程中,考虑到声音传播时出现类似管道中的驻波现象,通过理论计算,设计新型的隔声结构。经真实的实验研究结果验证,这种结构不仅能有效地吸收隔声,还能防止因驻波现象对机器本身造成的不良影响。     

多孔碳化硼的力学性能及其微观组织

采用无压烧结法制备得到了多孔的碳化硼,用扫描电镜研究了该材料的微观组织;并测定了不同孔隙率碳化硼的抗弯强度和密度,分析了多孔碳化硼的孔隙率与抗弯强度和密度的关系。研究结果表明:采用无压真空烧结法所制备的多孔碳化硼材料的微观组织烧结良好,烧结颈明显,孔隙大小比较均匀;当空隙率为30%时,所制备的多孔碳化硼密度为1.714 g/cm3,抗弯强度为100.85 MPa。     

Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系性能的研究

对Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系的初晶温度、电导率以及物相组成进行了研究.研究结果表明:在该渣系中,随着MgO的含量的增加,渣系的初晶温度先降后增,当MgO的加入量为7％时值最低,初晶温度为1 497℃.该渣系中,随着MgO加入量的增加和温度的升高,渣系的电导率也随着增大,其中主要物相组成为MgAl2O4、C...