Enhancement in the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of calcium phosphate cement by incorporating magnesium-containing silicates

Based on the good osteogenic and angiogenic effects of silicon and magnesium elements, three types of micro-nano magnesium-containing silicates (MS), including akermanite (Ake, Ca₂MgSi₂O₇), diopside (Dio, CaMgSi₂O₆) and forsterite (For, Mg₂SiO₄), were incorporated into calcium phosphate cement (CPC) to improve its osteogenic and angiogenic performances for clinical application. In this present work, the physicochemical properties, osteogenesis and angiogenesis of MS/CPCs (Ake/CPCs, Dio/CPCs and For/CPCs) were investigated systematically and comparatively. The results showed that all MS/CPCs had good biomineralization and significantly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs and angiogenic differentiation of HUVECs, respectively. Besides, the stimulating effects were related to not only the category of MS, but also the content of MS. The For/CPCs had a good angiogenic property but their initial setting times were beyond 60 min. The Dio/CPCs showed the lowest biological performance among the three groups of MS/CPCs due to the lower ion release (Si and Mg). The Ake was the ideal modifier that could provide CPC with appropriate physicochemical properties, better osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Simultaneously, a higher addition (10 wt%) of akermanite resulted in the best potential to bone regeneration. Taken together, this research provides an effective approach to improve the overall performance of CPC, and 10Ake/CPC is of great promising prospect in bone repair.     

Notch radius effect on fracture toughness of ceramics pertinent to grain size

Unlike fracture toughness, the notch fracture toughness of a ceramic is not a constant; rather, it increases with the notch-root radius ρ in a notched specimen. In this study, by analyzing the fracture measurements of eight different notched ceramics with an average grain size G of 3–40 μm, a simple model describing the relation between the notch fracture toughness and fracture toughness is proposed as a function of the relative notch-root radius ρ/G. The normal distribution is incorporated to consider the inevitable scatter in measurements where fracture mechanisms and errors are present. The results demonstrate that the model can effectively predict the quasi-brittle fracture variation trend for ceramics, including the upper and lower bounds, with 96% reliability, from a normal distribution; thus, it can address virtually all of the experimental data. We also determined that the notch fracture toughness approximates the fracture toughness if ρ ≤ G.     

Influence of the ZrB2 content on the anti-oxidation ability of ZrB2-SiC coatings in aerobic environments with broad temperature range

ZrB₂-SiC coatings with different ZrB₂ contents were prepared by liquid phase sintering. The oxidation processes of coatings were explained according to TG results of ZrB₂-SiC coatings and powders tested from 298 K to 1773 K. Results show that, increasing ZrB₂ content made the weight of the samples changed from weight-loss of 10.04% to weight-gain of 0.14%, while the fastest weight-loss regions were narrowed, whose inflection points reduced from 1310℃ to 1050℃. Increasing ZrB₂ content made the relative oxygen permeability of the ZrB₂-SiC/SiC coatings reduced from 40%–60% to -10%-5%. Increasing ZrB₂ content enhanced high-temperature stability of coatings, making final weight of samples changed from weight-loss of 0.16% to weight-gain of 0.11% after oxidation at 1773 K for 200 h. The peeling and dispersion of Zr-oxides formed Zr-B-Si-O compound glass layer, presenting enhanced stability, dispersion strengthening and pinning effect of Zr-oxides, which were responsible for the excellent anti-oxidation protective effect of coatings in a broad temperature region.     

基于可拓设计的驾驶人多模态情绪感知装置研究

为科学决策和评价驾驶人情绪感知装置的最优化多模态组合方案, 本文基于可拓设计多功能产品创造法, 利用基元理论中的发散分析法分析了情绪感知装置的检测功能, 建立了类物元,并生成具体产品物元模型。分析了单一检测装置包含的3种安装位置间的重组关系, 拓展出一系列重组方案, 再利用优度评价法对其进行筛选。 最终确定了一种有效的多模态驾驶人情绪感知装置的组合方案。     

基于脉冲激励响应的风力机叶片结构阻尼计算

针对大型风力机叶片气弹振动问题,提出一种基于脉冲响应的大型风力机柔性叶片结构阻尼有效分析方法.采用一种5自由度的超级单元,将柔性叶片离散成由若干超级单元构成的多体系统,基于计算多体系统动力学中的R-W方法建立了叶片的动力响应模型.以美国可再生能源实验室(NREL)发布的5 MW近海风力机叶片为研究对象,通过分析叶片在脉冲激励下的动力学响应得到其传递函数,由半功率带宽法计算叶片在静止和运转工况下的挥舞与摆振结构阻尼,从而为确定叶片气弹稳定性的边界提供依据.该研究对于指导叶片结构与气动外形设计、帮助确定其气弹稳定性边界具有重要意义.     

Rapid preparation of hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres based on UV-curing-assisted molding

Ceramic microspheres have attracted significant attention, while the preparation of hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres with high porosity, good sphericity, and controllable size or shape in a short time remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a highly adaptable methodology for the preparation hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres with high porosity and favorable shape in a short time. The UV-curing assisted molding method combined with the Pickering emulsion method was utilized to prepare hierarchically porous ceramic microspheres. Under the irradiation of a UV-curing lamp (395 nm, 50 W), the Pickering emulsion can be cured within as short as 10 s. The microstructures of the three microspheres with different shapes were characterized by scanning electron microscopes (SEM). The as-prepared microspheres had a high sphericity, the interconnectivity of pores was as high as 54 %, and its porosity was as high as 73.4 % ± 3.0 %, while the density was quite low at ∼ 1.02 g/cm³.     

微细超声辅助高速微槽铣削加工工艺研究

为了提高6061铝合金板微铣削槽加工质量,搭建一种轴向超声振动辅助高速微槽铣削实验装置。设计单因素实验探究主轴转速、超声功率、进给率三个因素对微槽顺铣侧毛刺长度和底面粗糙度的影响规律。制定正交实验寻求主轴转速、超声功率、进给率三个因素的共同作用对微槽底面粗糙度的影响效应,做显著性检验,寻找最优水平组合。实验结果表明:单因素实验中,相对高的主轴转速、适中的进给率、适中的超声功率铣削出的微槽顺铣侧毛刺较少、毛刺长度较短,相对低的转速、相对小的进给率、适中的超声功率铣削出的微槽底面粗糙度较小。正交实验中,主轴转速和超声功率值的变化对微槽底面粗糙度影响显著,通过正交分析与方差分析,最终确定出最优水平组合。     

数据采集卡在LabVIEW中的驱动方法

LabVIEW目前已成为虚拟仪器软件的重要代表,但是在LabVIEW中不能直接使用非NI公司的数据采集卡,必须自行编写驱动程序.介绍了在LabVIEW中驱动普通数据采集卡的几种方法,包括直接端口读写法、利用代码接口节点CIN(Code Inteface Node)的方法和利用CLF(Call Library Function)节点调用动态链接库的方法,并比较了三种方法的应用特点.实践证明,LabVIEW软件平台具有很好的开放性,可以实现对普通数据采集卡的编程.     

可拓创新方法在产品设计中的应用

目的介绍和分析中国人原创的可拓创新方法体系在设计创意生成与解决设计过程中矛盾问题方面的优势,阐释应用该方法进行产品设计时,可以使设计过程不过度依赖于设计人员。方法从论文论著发表情况、软件著作权和专利情况、承接项目情况等方面,介绍了可拓创新方法的研究概况;综述可拓创新方法在新产品与新项目设计创意的生成、解决产品设计中的矛盾问题等方面的应用情况,以及可拓创新软件的研制情况。结论该方法具有深厚的理论基础,定性分析与定量计算相结合,可操作性强,具有重要的方法论价值和广阔的应用前景。     

海底沉积物岩芯横向声学测量系统的标定

水平轴向测量技术相对成熟,但较难获取海底沉积物的无扰动分层声学特性,采用横向测量技术可以解决这一问题。文章研究了海底沉积物岩芯横向测量技术,将水作为海底沉积物测量的参考标准,进行测量系统的标定。提出了等效换能器的概念,将样品以外的声传播介质整合成等效换能器的一部分,标定测量等效换能器声延时和声传播初始能量。以水为标准介质,分别采用33、80、100 kHz三种频率的声学换能器,以及75、90、110 mm三种管径的聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl Chloride,PVC),测量所得的水中的声速与标准计算水中的声速具有一致性,其中以采用80 kHz频率声学换能器和90 mm管径PVC管测量时的声速误差最小,选用此状态进行标定,得出当隔水耦合测量法换能器相对距离为142.02 mm时,标定的等效换能器声延时为45.88±0.08 μs,等效换能器声传播初始能量(以接收换能器的接收电压表示)为0.86±0.03 V。应用标定的等效换能器声延时和声传播初始能量测量海底沉积物。计算得到声速和声衰减系数符合黏土质粉砂的声学特性。