Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@PAM@NTA-Ni<Superscript>2+</Superscript> Magnetic Composite Nanoparticles for Highly Specific Separation of His-tagged Proteins

A facile approach has been developed to synthesize Fe₃O₄@PAM (polyacrylamide) nanoparticles (NPs) with carboxyl groups on the surfaces by copolymerization with acrylamide and acrylic acid in Fe₃O₄ NPs aqueous suspension. Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was conjugated to the magnetic NPs via well-known carboniimide chemistry using EDC and NHS. The Ni²⁺ ions loaded on the surface of NPs provide abundant docking sites for immobilization of His-tagged green fluorescent proteins (His-tagged GFP). The high magnetic property of Fe₃O₄@PAM@NTA-Ni²⁺ allows an easy separation of the NPs from solution under an external magnetic field, with high His-tagged protein binding capacity (42 μg protein/mg of NPs). The NPs can be recycled for at least four times without significant loss of binding capacity to proteins. These materials show great potential to separate His-tagged protein with low-cost purification at industrial scale.     

Efficiency of acetic acid and formic acid as a catalyst in catalytical and mechanocatalytical pretreatment of barley straw

In this study, the potential of organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid) in a catalytical and mechanocatalytic conversion of lignocellulosic barley straw to valuable sugars is explored using sulfuric acid as a reference. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis has been carried out with acid-impregnated samples as well as unmodified barley straw. In the mechanocatalytical approach, pretreatment consists of impregnation with the acid catalyst and mechanical treatment by ball milling following chemical hydrolysis. Straw samples and residues were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) whereas hydrolysate analysis was based on total reducing sugar (TRS) determination following the DNS method and capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The results indicated that acetic acid and formic acid are rather mild acids yielding low TRS levels compared to the reference acid. Mechanocatalytical pretreatment slightly increased TRS yields, but not significantly. Strikingly, sulfuric acid showed an efficient conversion efficiency yielding almost 45% of TRS. Furthermore, this study provided evidence for the acetylation of straw components when acetic acid was used as catalyst. Alkali hydrolysis induced the de-esterification, but revealed no significant increase of TRS yields.     

Olfactory responses of Stegobium paniceum to different Chinese medicinal plant materials and component analysis of volatiles

Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) is among the major pests of stored products, causing great damage to stored Chinese medicinal plant materials (CMPMs) in China. Effective control strategies are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to explore the role of volatile organic compounds in the host preference of S. paniceum. First, the olfactory behavioral responses of S. paniceum adults to volatiles from four CMPMs (Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, Gastrodia elata, and Peucedanum praeruptorum) were tested in Y-tube olfactometer experiments. Then, the volatile composition of these plant materials were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). S. paniceum showed significant preferences for volatiles from the four CMPMs, compared with clean air (CA). When S. paniceum was presented with choices among different CMPMs, it showed the strongest preference for P. notoginseng, followed by A. sinensis, then G. elata, and P. praeruptorum. GC-MS analysis identified 43, 34, 28 and 60 components in the volatile profiles of P. notoginseng, A. sinensis, G. elata, and P. praeruptorum, respectively. Falcarinol (14.4%), 3-n-butyl phthalide (78.7%), p-cresol (40.1%), and β-pinene (29.1%) were the most abundant components of the volatiles of P. notoginseng, A. sinensis, G. elata, and P. praeruptorum, respectively. The olfactory responses of S. paniceum to the four CMPMs demonstrated that host-related volatiles play an important role in the host-searching process by adult beetles. This information will be useful for the development of safe and effective trapping strategies for this pest.     

Effect of ozone treatment on aflatoxin B1 and safety evaluation of ozonized corn

This paper studies the ozone treatment effect on degradation of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in corn with different moisture content (MC). The toxicity of the degradation products (DPs) of the ozone-treated AFB₁-Contaminated Corn (ACC) was also evaluated using the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) as model cells. The degradation rate of AFB₁ in corn increases with ozone concentration and treatment time. The results showed that ACC with 13.47% MC was easier to be degraded by ozone than with 20.37% MC. Treated with 90 mg L⁻¹ ozone for 20 min and 40 min, AFB₁ in corn with 13.47% MC decreased from 83 μg kg⁻¹ to 18.12 μg kg⁻¹ and 9.9 μg kg⁻¹, respectively, well meeting the China National Standard of AFB₁ in corn (20 μg kg⁻¹). In order to evaluate the safety of ozone used on ACC, the impacts of AFB₁ as well as untreated and ozone-treated ACC with the same level of AFB₁ content on HepG2's survival rate, morphology, and apoptosis were studied. The results showed that ACC had high cell toxicity while the toxicity of ozone-treated ACC had no significant difference with that of the AFB₁-free culture solution. It is concluded that ozonation can quickly and effectively degrade AFB₁ in corn and diminish ACC's toxicity, and therefore, ozonation is expected to be an effective, fast, and safe method for AFB₁ degradation in ACC.     

预制乌鳢鱼片的微波熟化工艺

该实验以预制乌鳢背部肌肉为研究对象,分析其在160、320、480、640和800 W的微波功率加热处理下温度分布、熟化度、感官评分、质构及水分子分布的变化,优化预制鱼片的微波熟化工艺参数。结果表明,微波功率为160、320、480、640和800 W下鱼肉在70～80℃之间鱼肉已完全熟化,通过熟化度、感官评价确定不同微波功率由低到高相应的最佳熟化时间分别在8、6、4、3和2 min,其对应最小剪切力为67.85、51.9、63.70、71.39、66.44 g。随着样品表面温度不断升高,肌肉蛋白变性,肌肉对水的束缚能力下降,自由水比例不断升高,鱼肉的剪切力整体呈先上升后下降的趋势。综合熟化度、感官评分、质构分析和水分子分布的结果,640 W处理3 min,鱼肉完全熟化,剪切力最高,其鱼肉嫩度最受欢迎,感官评分最佳,为预制乌鳢鱼片最适微波熟化参数。     

五种果汁的酚类组成及其抗氧化、抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性研究

本文对比研究了五种果汁中维生素C与总酚含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定了果汁中的酚类组成,并采用化学法和细胞法评价了果汁的抗氧化和抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性.刺梨汁的维生素C含量最高,为14.13 g/L.刺梨汁和沙棘汁的总酚含量最高,分别为13.06和12.53 g GAE/L,且二者无显著性差异(P>0.05).从5种果汁中共...     

百香果皮多糖的分离纯化、结构特性及生物活性研究进展

百香果是一种生长在热带、亚热带的重要特色经济水果,多糖是构成百香果果皮的主要功能成分之一。百香果皮多糖因具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、降血脂和抗氧化等多种生物活性而备受国内外学者的高度关注。本文系统综述了国内外近十年来关于百香果皮多糖的提取、分离纯化、结构特性和生物活性的研究进展,并提出目前百香果皮多糖研究中存在的不足,以期为百香果皮多糖的研究与开发提供参考与借鉴。     

速冻方式对冷冻贮藏中大口黑鲈鱼肉蛋白质特性的影响

本文以大口黑鲈为原料,为研究不同降温速率（液氮速冻（1.81 ℃）、冷冻液速冻（0.15 ℃）、平板速冻（0.14 ℃））对冷冻贮藏中（0、1、2、4、12、24周）鲈鱼肉蛋白质特性的影响,通过测定鱼肉中盐溶性蛋白、巯基、羰基、Ca2+-ATPase酶活含量、表面疏水性、内源性荧光光谱和蛋白质组成的变化,并采用双因素方差和相关性分析研究速冻方式和贮藏时间考察冻结后对鱼肉蛋白变性情况。结果表明:随冻藏时间的推移,盐溶性蛋白值呈下降趋势:平板组与液氮组,分别在冻藏末期最低与最高;巯基与Ca2+-ATPase酶活值均呈先上升后下降的趋势;肌原纤维蛋白内源性荧光强度上升,产生蓝移现象,肌原纤维蛋白羰基与表面疏水性值显著性上升（P<0.05）。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,冻藏期间肌原纤维蛋白发生降解,而液氮组降温速率快,蛋白质降解程度越慢,平板组与其恰恰相反。液氮速冻形成冰晶体积与原料中水的分布相似,利于贮藏。相比较于液氮速冻,冷冻液速冻形成最大冰晶带时间长于液氮速冻,短于平板速冻,两者相差不大。双因素方差与指标间相关性分析表明,速冻方式对肌原纤维蛋白活性巯基、最大荧光强度影响显著（P<0.05）,而冻藏时间是影响鲈鱼蛋白质的主因,冻藏时间越长,肌原纤维蛋白氨基酸侧链基团被氧化修饰,是造成蛋白质降解或聚集的主要因素。     

A new and direct preparation method of iron-based bimodal catalyst and its application in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

A bimodal iron-based catalyst was prepared by a new one-step impregnation method. The active components were used as the “brick” to directly build the small pores inside the large pores of support, which was quite different from the previous bimodal catalysts that were prepared once more on a bimodal support. Comparing with the unimodal catalysts and conventional co-precipitated catalyst, the prepared bimodal catalyst exhibited excellent activity in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis due to the improved active metal dispersion and fastened diffusion efficiency. This preparation method is much simpler than the previous methods and can be extended to prepare various bimodal catalysts with different chemical compositions.