Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

Evaluation of microbial toxins,trace elements and sensory properties of a high-theabrownins instant Pu-erh tea produced using Aspergillus tubingensis via submerged fermentation

Theabrownins (TB) are polymeric phenolic compounds associated with the multiple bioactivities of Pu-erh tea, a post-fermented Chinese dark tea. High-TB instant Pu-erh tea was produced via a novel submerged fermentation (SF) using Aspergillus tubingensis and compared with samples produced commercially via the conventional solid-state fermentation (SSF). Viable microorganisms and microbial toxins, especially aflatoxins B₁, G₁, B₂, G₂, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins B₁, B₂, B₃ and ochratoxin A, were below the detection limit in all samples. Fewer microbial metabolites were found in SF instant tea compared with the SSF teas. Based on an adult consuming 1 g of instant Pu-erh tea daily, the dietary intake of investigated elements was below the safe limits recommended by various authorities. Tasters viewed the instant tea infusions as very mild, smooth, mellow and full. This suggested that submerged fermentation using A. tubingensis offers a speedy and safe alternative to commercial production of instant Pu-erh tea.     

腐植酸与普洱茶茶色素

对云南普洱茶特有品质与化学组成(多酚类、儿茶素、黄酮类、茶黄素、茶红素、茶褐素)的关系进行简要地阐述。茶色素被证实是一类具有多种生理活性的物质。依据腐植酸的形成及化学性质、结构特征,提出了普洱茶中茶色素与腐植酸,尤其是茶褐素和黄腐酸,在化学性质方面(结构和官能团)存在一定的相似性。由此提出了腐植酸(黄腐酸)在生理活性及治疗功能方面与茶色素应具有相似性。为腐植酸(黄腐酸)在医药方面的应用研究提出了新思路。     

In vitro DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheats (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn) fermented by filamentous fungi

The present work was designed to investigate the phenolic profiles, DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheat fermented by Rhizopus oryzae 40469, Rhizopus oryzae 40503 and Rhizopus oligosporus 3152. Six phenolic compounds were characterised and quantified. Regardless of fermentation, rutin was the dominant phenolic substance in Tartary buckwheat. Fermentation significantly enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as DNA scission protection. Rhizopus oryzae 40469‐fermented sample had the highest content of phenolics, while R. oligosporus 3152‐fermented sample had the strongest inhibitory effect on DNA scission. Tartary buckwheat, regardless of fermentation, inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the sample fermented with R. oryzae 40503 had the strongest inhibitory activity. Those results indicated that fermented Tartary buckwheat has potential applications as a novel nutraceutical or functional food for preventing DNA damage‐induced disease and inflammation.     

普洱茶茶褐素对高糖饮食大鼠糖脂代谢关键酶及组织切片的影响

目的:以普洱茶茶褐素为研究对象,研究普洱茶茶褐素对高糖饮食大鼠糖脂代谢关键指标以及肝脏、胰腺组织病理切片的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠60只,按体重、血清总胆固醇、血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖无显著性差异分为6组(n=10):正常对照组、高糖模型组、阳性(罗格列酮)对照组、茶褐素低、中、高剂量组(即给药量分别为0.281、0.562、1.124 g/kg·bw)。实验动物每天定时给药,自由摄食和饮水,正常对照组喂以基础饲料和饮用蒸馏水,其他各组都以高糖饲料喂养和饮用15%果糖水,共喂养9周。测定大鼠血清糖脂代谢指标,通过电子显微镜观察大鼠肝脏、胰腺病理变化的影响。结果:干预期结束后,与高糖模型组相比,茶褐素能抑制高糖饮食大鼠血清中FINS、HOMA-IR、LPL、SCD-1、FAS、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6(p<0.05)水平的升高,降低HOMA-β、HSL、FFA、LEP水平;能有效增加高糖饮食大鼠GK、HMG-COA、HOMA-IS(p<0.05)水平,增加PK、FACL水平;大鼠肝脏和胰腺HE染色后,在显微镜下观察高糖模型组都有一定程度的病变,灌胃茶褐素后得到改善,说明普洱茶茶褐素可以降低高糖饮食大鼠肝脏脂质沉积和胰岛损害的程度,预防高血糖症的发生。结论:茶褐素能够调节高糖饮食大鼠糖脂代谢关键酶活性,加速高糖饮食大鼠脂质代谢,降低高糖饮食大鼠胰岛损害的程度。     

响应曲面试验设计优化杜鹃花红色素提取工艺

以HCl-乙醇溶液为浸提剂,使用酸法提取杜鹃花中红色素,并研究了提取时间、温度、料液比、乙醇浓度对杜鹃花红色素提取的影响。根据Box-Benhnken响应曲面法对杜鹃花色素提取工艺进行优化分析,以色素吸光度为响应值作响应曲面,探讨各因素间的交互作用,得出了最佳提取工艺条件:温度40℃、时间180min、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1∶8。     

低糖人参果保健饮料加工技术的研究

以新型珍贵水果人参果为原料,在了解人参果主要成分的基础上,深入研究了护色、灭酶、调配等因素对人参果饮料品质的影响.并选择最佳工艺条件制得一种低糖的并具有人参果特有风味及丰富营养价值的新型保健饮料.     

基于区块链技术的普洱茶贮藏安全监管探讨

普洱茶陈化过程可促进普洱茶陈香物质、醇化品质、生物活性成分的形成,当贮藏技术控制不当时,会导致有害微生物的滋生并可产生一些危害衍生物,可引起普洱茶安全性及饮用风险的发生。贮藏技术的变革既为普洱茶带来了发展机遇,也不可避免地引发了新的挑战。随着国家智能信息技术不断落实推进,所有行业都面临着数字化升级,实现陈化普洱茶安全区块链云服务,建立广泛的信任交互关系是未来普洱茶安全监管基于区块链技术建设的重要研究方向。本文探讨了基于区块链技术的陈化普洱茶安全监管建设,为提升普洱茶科学贮藏技术及提高普洱茶陈化安全监管,实现陈化普洱茶品质优化及可追溯提供理论参考。     

低糖苦瓜果脯的加工工艺

以苦瓜为原料,对影响苦瓜果脯品质的烫漂、护色、温度、渗糖等关键工艺进行研究。结果表明:苦瓜最佳切分厚度为0.7 cm～0.8 cm;烫漂时间为3 min;烫漂温度为90℃。最佳护色和硬化工艺配方为:氯化钙0.5%、亚硫酸氢钠0.5%、氯化钠0.2%、醋酸锌0.3%。最佳渗糖工艺为:CMC浓度为2.0%、β-环状糊精的添加量3%、浸泡液浓度梯度为30%-40%-50%、每次冷浸时间8 h。制成的低糖苦瓜果脯风味好、色泽自然。     

热处理对茶花鸡肌肉中脂肪酸组成的影响

为研究热处理对茶花鸡肌肉中脂肪酸组成的影响,本文以300日龄的云南本地茶花鸡公鸡的胸肌和腿肌为研究对象,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测胸肌和腿肌中脂肪酸含量,对其脂肪酸含量进行差异分析。结果表明在茶花鸡肌肉中共检测出32种脂肪酸,其主要脂肪酸为油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生四烯酸、硬脂酸及肉豆蔻酸。在原料肉中,胸肌和腿肌中总脂肪酸含量分别为3242.41与10026.31 μg/g,部位间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);胸肌与腿肌中脂肪酸类型以不饱和脂肪酸为主,含量分别占32种脂肪酸总量的60.92%与63.55%。经热处理后,胸肌中总脂肪酸含量比加热前胸肌中降低了9.37%(P<0.05),腿肌中总脂肪酸含量比加热前腿肌中降低了22.15%(P<0.05);胸肌、腿肌中脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量分别占32种脂肪酸总量的59.38%与61.20%;胸肌和腿肌之间脂肪酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),腿肌的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量与胸肌有显著差异(P<0.05)。可见,茶花鸡胸肌和腿肌脂肪酸含量存在显著差异,热处理对茶花鸡胸肌和腿肌脂肪酸组成有明显影响。