三氯蔗糖的安全性研究进展

三氯蔗糖是一种非营养合成甜味剂,目前已广泛应用于饮料、食品、医药等行业,为评价其使用的安全性,国内外相关学者对其急性和慢性毒性、致癌性、生殖毒性等方面进行了大量研究,就三氯蔗糖在体内的吸收代谢、毒性以及国内外批准使用情况等方面进行了综述。     

我国农药水乳剂的发展现状及稳定机理研究

介绍了农药水乳剂在我国的发展现状,并对水乳剂稳定体系稳定机理及其研究方法进行了综述。在我国,农药水乳剂在1993至2005年12年间共登记108个,至2007年4月处于登记有效期内的品种就达224个,发展速度较快。在水乳剂稳定体系形成机理研究方面已有相体积理论等多种理论,乳液稳定性研究方法则有电导法等多种方法。运用Zeta电位法、单滴法对40%三唑磷EW稳定体系形成机理研究表明,水乳剂体系稳定的关键因素为"乳化剂和物理稳定剂",另外,加工工艺与助剂种类均不同程度地影响水乳剂体系的稳定。     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a monoclonal antibody for the detection of the insecticide triazophos: assay optimization and application to environmental samples

A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for triazophos was developed, which was based on the THHe monoclonal antibody (McAb) and a heterologous enzyme tracer (THBu-HRP). The influence of several physicochemical factors (temperature, time, pH, salt, detergent, and solvent) on the immunoassay was studied. For the standard curve, an I50 of 0.21 microg/L and a limit of detection (I20) of 0.02 microg/L was obtained in a high salt concentration buffer (0.05 M PBS, pH 6.0) with 0.05% BSA, which means an almost 3-fold improvement in the assay sensitivity in comparison with the nonoptimized conditions. The optimized ELISA has been used to quantify triazophos in water and soil samples spiked at different amounts. The excellent recoveries achieved confirmed the potential of the immunoassay for environmental monitoring of triazophos in waters and soils without purification steps.     

80%精噁·灭草松水分散粒剂的研究

采用旋转造粒工艺,对80%精噁·灭草松水分散粒剂的配方进行了研究。通过对润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂及填料的筛选,确定了优化配方,并对产品性能进行了测定。产品悬浮率在90%以上,其他各项技术指标均符合水分散粒剂要求。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器同时测定食品中5种甜味剂

建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器同时测定食品中安赛蜜、糖精钠、甜蜜素、三氯蔗糖、阿力甜5种甜味剂的方法.样品中的甜味剂提取后经固相萃取净化, 并通过C18柱分离, 蒸发光散射检测器测定.结果表明5种甜味剂在5～160 mg/L的浓度范围内, 相关系数为0.9991～0.9994;方法回收率为92.0%～97.0%, 相对标准偏差为0.67%～3.23%.方法最低检出限:安赛蜜为2 mg/kg, 糖精钠为2.5 mg/kg, 甜蜜素、阿力甜和三氯蔗糖为5 mg/kg.该方法准确、灵敏, 是同时检测食品中5种甜味剂的有效方法.     

白蚁预防药剂的环境行为

在有机氯杀虫剂退出市场之后，有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂中的一些产品成为白蚁预防性药剂的首选。对于这些白蚁预防性药剂的生物活性，人们已经有了较多的了解。依据近年来的资料，从降解性、老化、移动性等方面论述了国内外常用的白蚁预防性药剂，如毒死蜱、氰戊菊酯、氯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯等的环境行为。为合理预测此类药剂的野外持效性以及污染潜能提供了理论依据。     

悬乳剂配方筛选工艺初步研究

[目的]分析比较悬乳剂3种常见加工工艺筛选制剂配方的优缺点.[方法]以30％毒死蜱·乙虫腈悬乳剂为研究对象,采用不同工艺筛选配方.[结果]研究发现按悬浮剂方式加工悬乳剂,由于分散润湿剂、乳化剂种类多,配方筛选随机性大,较难得到稳定配方;若先分别制备稳定的乙虫腈悬浮剂和毒死蜱水乳剂,再按比例混合并高速剪切得到毒死蜱·乙虫腈悬乳剂,其热贮析水27.9％;按照直接乳化法筛选配方简便.[结论]直接乳化法是一种较好的筛选悬乳剂配方加工工艺.     

7种有机磷农药在辣椒腌制加工中的残留行为

[方法]采用气相色谱法火焰光度检测器,检测敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、二嗪磷、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、喹硫磷和三唑磷7种农药在辣椒腌制加工中的残留分布情况及加工因子.[结果]不同的食盐含量处理对7种农药的影响较大,表现在影响农药在辣椒中的残留浓度,影响农药在腌制过程中的加工因子,影响农药在辣椒和卤水中的分配比.[结论]7种有机磷农药在辣椒腌制过程中的残留变化,不仅与食盐处理浓度有关,而且与农药本身的物理化学性质相关.     

不同品种柑橘果皮中类黄酮含量及其采后变化

为研究不同品种柑橘果皮中6 种主要类黄酮化合物的分布及含量,以及果皮采后类黄酮含量的变化。通过快速液相色谱法测定宫川温州蜜柑、衢州椪柑、哈姆林甜橙、常山胡柚和蕉柑果皮中橙皮苷、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、川皮素、橙黄酮、橘皮素的含量以及椪柑果实采后不同时期果皮中总黄酮含量。结果表明：5 种柑橘果皮中,常山胡柚果皮中6 种总黄酮总量最高,其主要类黄酮成分为柚皮苷和新橙皮柑;宫川温州蜜柑和哈姆林甜橙果皮中主要为橙皮苷;衢州椪柑和蕉柑果皮中则主要为橙皮苷和川皮素;衢州椪柑采后随着果皮中叶绿素的降低和类胡萝卜素含量的增加,果皮中总黄酮含量前期呈上升趋势,至15d 后有所降低。     

Development of a McAb-based immunoassay for parathion and influence of the competitor structure

A specific monoclonal antibody (McAb) for parathion was produced. Based on this McAb, a battery of competitors as coating antigens were used to develop homologous and heterologous indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for parathion. The relationship between the heterology degree of the competitor and the sensitivity of the corresponding immunoassay was investigated. Results showed that, when the specific McAb was used in the ELISA experiment, competitors should have a certain degree of homology with the immunizing hapten for immunoassays, and the best performance occurred when the competitor hapten was highest heterologous to the target analyte. With the most suitable competitor, a sensitive and selective ELISA was developed. The IC₅₀ value of the ELISA was 2.94 ng/ml with a detection limit (IC₂₀) of 0.70 ng/ml. The average recoveries of parathion in spiked water, soil, cucumber and rice were 88.09%, 93.15%, 91.37% and 83.42%, respectively.