The analysis of trans fatty acid profiles in deep frying palm oil and chicken fillets with an improved gas chromatography method

An improved gas chromatography method for the simultaneous separation of 52 fatty acids (FAs) has been developed. For both oleic acid and linoleic acid, a good resolution was achieved for their positional and geometrical (cis/trans) isomers. This method was validated to be precise, accurate and sensitive. With this method, the FAs profiles in palm oil and chicken fillets were analyzed. In general, small changes were observed in the composition of FAs and formation of trans isomers after 8 h frying at the temperature lower than 200 °C. However, with extreme deep-frying process, the thermal degradation and TFAs formation in frying oil increased in direct proportion to frying temperature and time. Moreover, the FAs composition of fried chicken fillets was found to be mostly in correspondence with that of the frying oil, which might be due to the oil absorption or interaction between the frying oils and frying materials.     

A reliable and sensitive time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA) for ochratoxin A in agro-products

Immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) are considered as a suitable diagnostic tool for the detection of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins and especially, ochratoxin A are analytes with more demanding sensitivity requirements. To enhance the sensitivity of current immunochromatographic assays for ochratoxin A (OTA), a novel sensitive ICA was developed in this study. In the assay, microspheres enclosing fluorescent europium (III) [Eu(III)] nanoparticles (EuNPs) were used as a label for OTA monoclonal antibody (OTA-mAb) conjugation. Accordingly, assay was called time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA). The test strip was composed of three parts: a sample pad, nitrocellulose membrane and an absorbent pad. As for detection, a proper concentration of conjugated microspheres was pipetted into the microtube and sample extract was added to it. Then the strip was inserted into the tube and the fluid flow along the strip. The TRFICA results were obtained in 8 min and read by a portable TRFICA strip reader. The established method allows quantitative determination of OTA with limit of detection as low as 1.0 μg kg⁻¹ in the samples. For validation, spiked samples including wheat, maize, soybean and rice were respectively assayed by TRFICA and a standard high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD), and good agreement of results was obtained between two methods.     

粮油产品质量安全检测技术研究动态

<正>粮食安全始终是关系我国国民经济发展、社会稳定和国家自立的全局性重大战略问题。我国是世界上最大的粮油生产国和消费国,粮油消费量逐年攀升,粮油产品的质量安全关乎国民健康和农业产业可持续发展,而粮油质量安全检测技术是保证粮油产品质量与安全最严格监管的重要基础。近年来,我国科学工作者积极探索,研究建立新型稳定,准确,高灵敏,高通量,低成本,简便快速的粮油质量安全检测技术,取得了一定的研究进展,为粮油产品的质量安     

索氏抽提测定含油量的方法改良及其应用

对索氏抽提法测定含油量的方法进行了改良,在原索氏抽提装置上加装了恒温冷凝水系统,将冷凝水温度改为恒温15℃。改良后的索氏抽提法与原方法相比,测定结果的准确度和灵敏度显著提高,有效消除了因季节、气候等因素引起的温度变化所带来的测定值差异。2007年至2010年加拿大谷物委员会组织36家国际权威油料检测实验室开展国际油料品质比对检测,结果显示,本实验室检测结果｜Z｜值均小于2,且采用改良索氏抽提法后,测定结果的Z比分数由-1.98～-0.12减小到-0.60～0.20,相对偏差由-2.5%～-0.38%减小到-1.24%～0.24%,实现了含油量检测结果的国际接轨。     

Construction of an impedimetric immunosensor for label-free detecting carbofuran residual in agricultural and environmental samples

In this paper, a label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor for the detection of carbofuran was prepared by immobilizing l-cysteine on a gold electrode. The carbofuran antibodies were immobilized on the electrode by the using glutaraldehyde as a cross linker. The stepwise assembly of the electrode surface was confirmed by atomic force microscope (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimized conditions, a linear relationship between the resistance change and the logarithm value of carbofuran concentration was obtained in the carbofuran concentration range of 1.0 × 10⁻¹ – 1.0 × 10³ ng/mL, with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10⁻¹ ng/mL. The immunosensor performed good reproducibility and stability. Additionally, the proposed method can be applied for monitoring carbofuran residual in agricultural and environmental samples.     

Discriminant analysis of Mediterranean pine nuts (Pinus pinea L.) from Chilean plantations by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

Pinus pinea L. is one of the most important nut species in the world given the high nutritional and culinary value of its seed, the pine nuts, with increasing demand. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of visible and near infrared spectroscopy (VIS + NIRS) to analyse different sample presentations and to discriminate geographical origins of Mediterranean pine nut grown in Chile. Pine nuts were collected from 76 adult trees in three growth macrozones previously defined for stone pine in Chile. Original spectroscopic data were obtained by means of a Foss NIRSystems 6500 SYII spectrophotometer using a transport module. Reflectance was employed in the wavelength range of 400–2500 nm. The best means of sampling for the pine nuts used in this study were also studied. After analysing the spectroscopic data, discriminant models were obtained by means of discriminant partial least square (DPLS) with all samples. For the three macrozones previously identified, 87.8% of samples was correctly classified in the cross validation stage with the best model for pine nuts spectra analysis, obtained with shelled intact pine nuts. Results indicate that NIRS technology is capable of differentiating between pine nut samples of different geographical origins with errors ranging between 12.2 and 9.2%, and demonstrate the potential of VIS + NIRS technology as a rapid and accurate method for predicting the geographical origin of Mediterranean pine nuts.     

A survey of the incidence and level of aflatoxin contamination in a range of locally and imported processed foods on Malawian retail market

Samples of locally (Malawian) processed and imported maize- and groundnut-based food products (peanut butters, roasted groundnuts, peanut based therapeutic foods, instant baby cereals, maize puffs and de-hulled maize flour) were collected from popular markets of Lilongwe City, Malawi. The samples were analysed in order to determine the frequency and extent of aflatoxin contamination, using immuno-affinity column and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with post-column photochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection. No aflatoxins were detected in all samples of imported baby cereal and locally processed de-hulled maize flour. However, all locally processed maize based baby foods had aflatoxins above EU maximum tolerable level of 0.1 μg/kg. In 75% of locally processed maize puffs, aflatoxins were detected at levels of up to 2 μg/kg. Peanut based therapeutic foods had aflatoxin level between 1.6 and 2.9 μg/kg, exceeding the EU tolerable maximum level (0.1 μg/kg) set for food for health purposes. Locally processed peanut butters had aflatoxins levels in the range of 34.2–115.6 μg/kg, which was significantly higher than their imported counterparts (<0.2–4.3 μg/kg). Samples of locally processed skinned and de-skinned roasted groundnuts had aflatoxins in range of 0.5–2.5 μg/kg and 0.6–36.9 μg/kg, respectively. These results highlight the need for rigorous monitoring of aflatoxins in commercially available processed products in order to reduce likely health risks associated with dietary aflatoxin intake.     

Diminution of aflatoxin B1 production caused by an active packaging containing cinnamon essential oil

The antifungal and antimycotoxigenic action of an active package containing cinnamon essential oil have been evaluated against the mold Aspergillus flavus on the aflatoxin B1 production. Two independent experiments were carried out, the first one with cinnamon on a paper diffusion disc placed in vapor phase and the second one with an active PP (Polypropylene) films containing the essential oil. The culture media, exposure time, closure of the Petri dish and cinnamon concentration were evaluated. The first experiment revealed an important reduction on mycotoxin, even when the mold grew, and the action remained for 15 days. The second experiment highlighted the importance of cinnamon concentration on the antimycotoxigenic action, achieving a strong reduction with the sub-inhibitory concentration (2% of cinnamon) and a complete reduction with fungicidal concentration (4% and 6% cinnamon). The UPLC system coupled to a fluorescence detector was optimized for analysis of aflatoxin B1.     

量子点标记荧光免疫法检测花生中黄曲霉毒素B_1

建立了基于量子点标记二抗的间接竞争荧光免疫吸附测定方法（indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay,cFLISA）,并研究检测花生中黄曲霉毒素B1的可行性。采用谷胱甘肽为稳定剂,在水相中直接合成碲化镉（CdTe）量子点,并利用1-（3-二甲氨基丙基）-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐（EDC）与兔抗鼠二抗进行共价偶联,以黄曲霉毒素B1的单克隆抗体建立cFLISA方法。结果表明,该方法的灵敏度和最低检测限值分别为0.023ng/mL和0.001ng/mL,与传统的有机染料FITC-二抗法比较,灵敏度提高了30倍,花生样品加标0.1、0.05和0.025ng/g,回收率范围在88%～116%之间,变异系数均小于10%。建立的cFLISA方法可以较好的检测花生中黄曲霉毒素B1,并为其它真菌毒素的检测提供参考。