悬停状态下旋翼飞行机器人自适应鲁棒控制

针对加装二自由度绳驱动机械臂的旋翼飞行机器人在悬停条件下的抗干扰控制,提出了一种自适应终端滑模控制策略.将系统分成四旋翼飞行器和机械臂两个子系统,分别采用拉格朗日法与牛顿-欧拉法获得各自的动力学模型.在Lyapunov稳定性框架下设计了旋翼飞行器人的抗干扰轨迹跟踪控制器,并引人自适应策略来估计扰动上界.通过3个仿真算例验证了所设计控制器的有效性,结果表明,与其他控制器相比,本控制器具有较高的跟踪精度、较强的鲁棒性以及较好的抗干扰能力;机械臂质量的变化主要影响x通道和y通道的控制性能;本控制器基本能满足旋翼飞行机器人悬停作业的工作需求,具有一定的工程参考意义.     

一种混合驱动柔索并联仿生眼的轨迹规划

在与眼球运动相关的解剖学和运动学的基础上,设计了一种符合Listing定理的基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的3自由度机器人仿生眼.通过矢量封闭方法建立了逆运动学模型,求解出柔索并联机器人的雅可比矩阵和结构矩阵.利用达朗贝尔定理建立柔索并联机器人的力矩平衡方程组,采用广义逆矩阵的相关理论,以柔索张力矢量的2范数最小为目标进行张力优化.用蒙特卡洛方法计算出仿生眼球可达工作空间.最后,在Simulink环境下进行仿真,规划运动轨迹并得到柔索并联机器人运动特性的仿真结果,证明了本文设计的机构符合Listing定理.结果表明:基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的机器人仿生眼结构合理,数学模型正确.     

重心时变的多级混联支撑系统终端精度分析

为保证天文观测的跟踪精度,针对500m口径大型球面射电望远镜(FAST)的多级混联馈源支撑系统因重心实时变化带来的终端馈源接收机位姿误差问题,本文首先构建索并联机构的弹性力学模型,建立馈源舱的重心位置和馈源接收机位姿误差的关系模型.然后,研究馈源舱重心的时变规律.最后,采用Newton-Raphson法迭代确定重心时变...     

线驱动模块化七自由度机器人轨迹跟踪控制

阐述了一种线驱动与常规串联驱动相结合的混合设计方法．这种设计方法融合了线驱动并联机构和模块化串联机构的优点，而且混合驱动机器人的工作空间大于完全线驱动机器人的工作空间．文章首先介绍了混合驱动机器人的机构设计，也就是机器人的肩关节采用模块化串联结构，而肘、腕关节采用线驱动结构．然后利用几何分析的方法来解机器人前向运动学问题．在分析驱动线长与关节角之间变换关系的基础上，分别利用速度法和关节角增量法来计算机器人逆向运动学解．最后，使用VC++实现混合驱动机器人对直线运动轨迹进行跟踪的仿真，从而证明了文章所描述的设计方法的正确性．     

The continuity and real-time performance of the cable tension determining for a suspend cable-driven parallel camera robot

The continuity and real-time performances of the cable tension determining for a camera robot parallel driven by four cables are dealt with in this paper. Up to now, there exist two open challenges for guaranteeing the continuity and real-time performances brought about by the speedability and maneuverability of a camera robot. For this purpose, firstly, a non-iterative polynomial-based optimization algorithm is presented based on the convex optimization theory, in which six different optimal objective functions are utilized. Then, the continuity of the algorithm is proved and the continuity indices are presented. Moreover, the real-time performance of the algorithm is analyzed and the real-time indices are developed. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified; some valuable proposals of selecting the optimal objective functions are also offered.     

Modeling of a joint-type flexible endoscope based on elastic deformation and internal friction

Flexible endoscopes are widely used in minimally invasive surgical robot systems. Various kinematic models have been developed for describing the deformation of such endoscopes. For joint-type flexible endoscopes, most existing models neglect the effect of internal friction and cannot precisely show the shape.

In this paper, we propose a new nonlinear bending model. The rubber tube and metal net at each joint are approximated as a tube under elastic deformation and are assigned an equivalent bending stiffness. The internal friction force is also taken into account to build the moment balance equation at each joint. Groups of experiments were performed to validate the nonlinear model. The results closely confirm the model’s predictions. The model’s tip position error during the bending and unbending phases are 1.48?±?0.99?mm and 1.68?±?0.91?mm respectively; the bending angle errors are ?5.50?±?2.54° and 1.68?±?3.66°, respectively The model can also take account of the hysteresis effect of the bending, which is quite common for cable-driven flexible robots. Moreover, the model has good computational efficiency, making it suitable for real-time control.     

A geometrical workspace calculation method for cable-driven parallel manipulators on minimum tension condition

In this paper, a geometrical expression to delineate the sum of tensions (i.e. minimum 1-norm tensions) of 2-DoF planar cable-driven parallel manipulators (CDPMs) is proposed and proofed, which can be used to reduce calculation time of workspace determination. Furthermore, this paper also presents a systematic analysis on the relation between cable tension and workspace by means of convex analysis. In order to obtain wrench-feasible workspace, a unified and feasible algorithm is adopted in simulation examples of spatial CDPMs with different configurations, which demonstrate that the proposed method is valid and straightforward to calculate workspace.     

7自由度冗余绳驱动机械臂运动分析及仿真

针对传统机械臂负载自重比小、臂身惯量大、人机交互安全性弱等问题,对绳驱动机械臂的结构、绳驱关节耦合、冗余运动学等方面进行了研究,创新设计了一种新型7自由度冗余绳驱动机械臂。采用绳索间接驱动前端4个关节自由度,作为位置控制;采用电机直接驱动腕部关节3个自由度,作为姿态控制。利用绳索将驱动力从基座电机传递至机械臂关节处,实现驱动机构后置;对绳驱关节耦合问题进行分析,建立了电机-关节耦合映射关系;利用位姿分离方式,结合加权最小范数法,进行机械臂逆运动学冗余位置求解。仿真结果表明:耦合映射关系建立正确,冗余运动学求解准确高效,为绳驱机械臂结构优化、动力学建模奠定了基础。     

双绳驱动空中机械臂协同搬运控制研究

为解决双绳驱动空中机械臂协同搬运时的接触控制问题,提出了一种基于非奇异快速终端滑模的阻抗控制策略。首先,考虑绳驱动机制的柔性效应,建立计及关节柔性的双机协同系统动力学模型,并推导出任务空间内的阻抗方程。然后,设计协同阻抗控制策略,借助非奇异快速终端滑模面来加快系统状态量的收敛速度,利用幂次函数削弱输出力矩抖振效应。同时,在Lyapunov框架下分析了所设计控制器的稳定性。最后,通过控制器性能比较仿真和协同搬运仿真对所提控制策略的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,所提控制器响应速度快、控制精度高及稳定性好,能够有效抑制系统抖振。     

3-2-1构型丝线并联机构的工作空间分析

3-2-1构型的人体运动测量单元作为研究对象,为了计算测量动平台的工作空间,文中分别详述了限制动平台运动的四个限定条件,即绳与绳之间的干涉、绳与末端执行器的干涉、绳长限制和相容性条件,然后利用这四个限定条件求解动平台的位置工作空间和方向工作空间。本文所确立的算法不仅为基于拉线的人体运动测量系统工作空间计算提供了方法,也为丝驱动机器人工作空间的计算提供了参考。