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1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(6):3906-3917
The current trends in energy were described, the main of which is the use of alternative energy sources, especially hydrogen. The most common methods of hydrogen accumulation were proposed: accumulation of compressed gaseous hydrogen in high-pressure tanks; accumulation of liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks; storing hydrogen in a chemically bound state; accumulation of gaseous hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. Based on the combination of advantages and disadvantages, the most promising methods of accumulation were selected: storage of liquid hydrogen and storage of hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. The main requirement for materials for hydrogen storage by these methods was revealed – a high specific surface area. Prospects for the development of waste-free low-emission technologies due to the recycling of secondary raw materials and the development of low-temperature technologies for the synthesis of functional and structural materials were substantiated. The applicability of large-scale ash and slag waste from coal-fired thermal power plants as a raw material for obtaining materials by low-temperature technologies was shown. The traditional ways of using ash and slag waste as a raw material, active additive and filler in the production of cements were described. Modern technologies for the production of innovative materials with a unique set of properties were presented, namely carbon nanotubes, silica aerogel and geopolymer materials. The prospect of using geopolymer matrices as a precursor for the synthesis of a number of materials was described; the most promising type of materials was selected – geopolymer foams, which are mainly used as sorbents for purifying liquids and gases or accumulating target products, as well as heat-insulating materials. The possibility of obtaining products of any shape and size on the basis of geopolymer matrices without high-temperature processing was shown. The special efficiency of the development of the technology of porous granules and powders obtained from a geopolymer precursor using various methods was substantiated. The obtained granules can be used in the following hydrogen storage technologies: direct accumulation of hydrogen in porous granules; creation of insulating layers for liquid hydrogen storage units. 相似文献
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3.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(15):21773-21780
In this work, Ni/TiC composites were synthesized by the laser cladding technique (LCT). A scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microhardness meter, electrochemical workstation, and friction and wear tester examined the microstructure, surface morphology, phase structure, microhardness, wear, and corrosion resistances of the Ni/TiC composites. These results indicated the Ni/40TiC composite contained finer equiaxed crystals than the Ni and Ni/20TiC composites. In addition, numerous TiC particles in the Ni/40TiC composite impeded growth of the nickel crystals, which resulted in the fine microstructure of the Ni/40TiC composite. The Ni, Ni/20TiC, and Ni/40TiC composites exhibited face-centered cubic (f c c) lattices. The average microhardness values of the Ni/20TiC and Ni/40TiC composites were approximately 748 HV and 851 HV, respectively. The Ni/40TiC composite had the lowest friction coefficient (0.43) among all three coatings, and only some shallow scratches appeared on the surface of the Ni/40TiC composite. The corrosion potential (E) of Ni/40TiC exceeded the Ni/20TiC composite, and both were larger than the Ni composite, which indicated the Ni/40TiC composite had outstanding corrosion resistance and the Ni composite had poor corrosion resistance. The corrosion current densities (i) of Ni, Ni/20TiC, and Ni/40TiC composites were 5.912, 4.405, and 3.248 μA/cm2, respectively. 相似文献
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(8):10601-10612
Using MgC2O4, Mg powders as raw materials and Ni(NO3)2?6H2O as a catalyst, CNTs/MgO composite powders were prepared by a catalytic combustion synthesis method. The CNTs/MgO composite powders were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM/EDS and HRTEM. The effects of catalyst content on the degree of graphitization and aspect ratio of the CNTs in composite powders were investigated. Moreover, the thermal shock resistance of low-carbon Al2O3–C refractories after adding the composite powder was investigated. The results indicated that the CNTs prepared with 1 wt% Ni(NO3)2?6H2O addition had a higher degree of graphitization and aspect ratio. In particular, the aspect ratio could reach approximately 200. The growth mechanism of hollow bamboo-like CNTs in the composite powders was proven to be a V-L-S mechanism. The thermal shock resistance of Al2O3–C samples could be improved significantly after adding CNTs/MgO composite powders. In particular, compared with CM0, the residual strength ratio of Al2O3–C samples with added 2.5 wt% composite powders could be increased 63.9%. 相似文献
5.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(6):8297-8305
Pure and Sn/Fe co-doped (0.2 at.% Sn and 0.6 at.% Fe, 0.6 at.% Sn and 0.2 at.% Fe, 1.0 at.% Sn and 1.0 at.% Fe) TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel method and subsequently calcined at different temperatures. Furthermore, the particles were analyzed by TG-DSC, XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EDS, SAED and UV–Vis for investigating the influences of dopant and calcination temperature on the thermal effect, composition, morphology, energy band gap (Eg) and the degradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) under various light irradiations respectively. Results indicated that Sn/Fe co-doping inhibited the crystallization transformation from anatase to rutile phase of TiO2 and decreased the Eg. The increased calcination temperature and Sn/Fe co-doped effect brought about the abnormal grain growth of TiO2 nanoparticles. 0.6 at.% Sn/0.2 at.% Fe and 1.0 at.% Sn/1.0 at.% Fe co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles presented better photocatalytic performance than pure and 0.2 at.% Sn/0.6 at.% Fe co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation mainly due to the decreased Eg. On the contrary, 0.2 at.% Sn and 0.6 at.% Fe co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles calcined at 650 °C showed the most excellent photocatalytic performance under UV light irradiation, which was about twice as large as that of pure TiO2 possibly due to the formed hybrid structure of anatase and rutile phase as well as the h+-mediated decomposition pathway. 相似文献
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(8):10613-10619
Alumina ceramics with different unit numbers and gradient modes were prepared by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. The side length of each functional gradient structure was 10 mm, the porosity ratio was controlled to 70%, and the number of units were (1 × 1 × 1 unit) and (2 × 2 × 2 unit) respectively. The different gradient modes were named FCC, GFCC-1, GFCC-2 and GFCC-3. SEM, XRD, and other characterization methods proved that these gradient structures of alumina ceramics had only α-Al2O3 phase and good surface morphology. The mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of alumina ceramics with different functional gradient structures were studied by compression test. The results show that the gradient structure with 1 × 1 × 1 unit has better mechanical properties and energy absorption properties when the number of units is different. When the number of units is the same, GFCC-2 and GFCC-3 gradient structures have better compressive performance and energy absorption potential than FCC structures. The GFCC-2 gradient structure with 1 × 1 × 1 unit has a maximum compressive strength of 19.62 MPa and a maximum energy absorption value of 2.72 × 105 J/m3. The good performance of such functional gradient structures can provide new ideas for the design of lightweight and compressive energy absorption structures in the future. 相似文献
7.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(18):25984-25995
Design of architectured composites with layered-ordered structure can solve the strength-toughness mismatch problem of structural materials. In the present study, heterostructure Ti6Al4V/TiAl laminated composite sheets with different thicknesses of interface layer and TiAl composite layer were successfully produced by hot-pressing technology. The effects of interface regulation and laminated structure on their mechanical properties, crack propagation, and fracture behavior were studied. The results indicated that compressive strength of the sheets increased with the decrease in interface thickness. Compressive strength of TiAl composite sheet with thicker composite layer reached 1481.55 MPa at the arrester orientation with sintering holding time of 40 min, which was 25.96% higher than that of the sheet obtained at 120 min. Analysis indicated that the interface area transferred stress through slip bands and through-interface cracks. Compressive strength at the divider orientation reached 1443.06 MPa, which was 45.78% higher than that of the sheet obtained at 120 min. In this case, the interface area transferred stress through slip bands and along-interface cracks. For TiAl composite sheets with thinner composite layer, compressive strength was further improved to 1631.01 MPa and 1594.66 MPa at the arrester and divider orientations with sintering holding time of 40 min, respectively. The ductile metal layer exerted a significant toughening effect. Both interface regulation and laminated structure transformation could enhance the hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composite sheets. 相似文献
8.
Da-Wang Tan Zhen-Yong Lao Zhan Zhang Wei-Ming Guo Shi-Kuan Sun Hua-Tay Lin 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(6):2860-2867
B4C-TiB2 ceramics (TiB2 ranging 5~70 vol%) with Mo-Co-WC as the sintering additive were prepared by spark plasma sintering. In comparison with B4C-TiB2 without additive, the enhanced densification was evident in the sintered specimen with Mo-Co-WC additive. Core-rim structured grain was observed around TiB2 grains. The interface of the rim between TiB2 and B4C phases demonstrated different feature: the inner borderline of the rim exhibited a smooth feature, whereas a sharp curved grain boundary was observed between the rim and the B4C grain. The formation mechanism is discussed: the epitaxial growth of (Ti,Mo,W)B2 rim around the TiB2 core may occur as a result of the solid solution and dissolution-precipitation between TiB2 phase and the sintering additive. It was revealed that the fracture toughness increased as the content of TiB2 content increased, alongside the decreased hardness. B4C-30 vol% TiB2 specimen demonstrated the optimal combination of mechanical properties, reaching Vickers hardness of 24.3 GPa and fracture toughness of 3.33 MPa·m1/2. 相似文献
9.
Poly(l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic polyester produced from renewable sources, widely used for biomedical devices, in food packaging and in agriculture. It is a semicrystalline polymer, and as such its properties are strongly affected by the developed semicrystalline morphology. As a function of the crystallization temperature, PLLA can form different crystal modifications, namely α′‐crystals below about 120 °C and α‐crystals at higher temperatures. The α′ modification is therefore of special importance as it may be the preferred polymorph developing at processing‐relevant conditions. It is a metastable modification which typically transforms into the more stable α‐crystals on annealing at elevated temperature. The structure, kinetics of formation and thermodynamics of α′‐ and α‐crystals of PLLA are reviewed in this contribution, together with the effect of α′‐/α‐crystal polymorphism on the properties of PLLA. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(73):36291-36300
A new reverse build-up method is developed to fabricate an economical H2-permeable composite membrane. Sputtering and electroplating are used for the formation of a membrane comprised of a 3.7-μm-thick Pd60Cu40 (wt.%) alloy layer and a 13-μm-thick porous Ni support layer, respectively. The H2-permeation measurements are performed under the flow of a gaseous mixture of H2 and He at 300–320 °C and 50–100 kPa of H2 partial pressure. The H2/He selectivity values exceed 300. The activation energy at 300–320 °C is 10.9 kJ mol−1. The H2 permeability of the membrane is 1.25 × 10−8 mol m−1 s−1 Pa−0.5 at 320 °C after 448 h. The estimated Pd cost of the proposed membrane is approximately 1/8 of the cost for a pure Pd60Cu40 membrane. This study demonstrates that the proposed method allows the facile production of low-cost, Pd-based membranes for H2 separation. 相似文献