饲喂仿刺参性腺对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

以仿刺参雌、雄性腺冻干粉为原料,对其基本营养组分和主要功效成分进行测定,采用小鼠饲喂实验,考察仿刺参性腺在小鼠免疫功能调节方面的作用。结果表明:仿刺参雌、雄性腺富含营养和功效成分,其中雄性性腺蛋白质含量高达74.54 g/100 g,显著高于仿刺参体壁(P<0.05),雌性性腺中海参多糖含量与体壁相当,而海参皂苷含量高达4.77 g/100 g,是体壁的10倍以上;与对照组相比,饲喂仿刺参性腺可显著增加小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数,提高自然杀伤细胞活性,尤其是饲喂雄性性腺的小鼠,自然杀伤细胞活性率升高到(47.19±4.99)%,血清中白细胞介素-6含量为(209.75±24.82) pg/mL,血清和肝脏中乳酸脱氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力均有所提升,肝脏中丙二醛含量降低至(1.98±0.25) nmol/mg。由此可知,饲喂仿刺参性腺可提高小鼠的免疫机能,且饲喂雄性性腺的作用更加明显。     

丙烯酰胺和苯并芘诱导秀丽隐杆线虫生殖腺细胞凋亡研究

研究丙烯酰胺(acrylamide,AA)和苯并芘(Benzo(a)pyrene,BaP)单独和联合暴露对模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C.elegans)的生殖腺细胞凋亡的影响。将线虫分别暴露于不同剂量水平的AA和BaP中,检测其对线虫生殖腺细胞凋亡的影响,结果显示,AA和BaP诱发生殖腺细胞凋亡具有明显的剂量效应,2.0 mg/L AA和0.001 mg/L BaP暴露12小时后,可诱发细胞凋亡明显增加(p<0.05),0.02 mg/L AA或0.000 2 mg/L BaP暴露36 h以内对细胞凋亡均没有影响(p>0.05),但0.02 mg/L AA和0.000 2 mg/L BaP共同处理12小时后即可诱发线虫生殖腺细胞凋亡明显增加(p<0.05),并导致后代数量的显著减少(p<0.05)。结果表明AA和BaP诱发线虫生殖腺细胞凋亡具有协同作用。     

Changes during fishing season in the fat content and fatty acid profile of edible muscle,liver and gonads of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) caught in the Turkish Black Sea

This study aimed to determine the fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758) in their edible muscle, liver and gonad during the catching season (between September 2008 and April 2009) in The Black Sea Region, Turkey. The most abundant FAs in all samples were palmitic acid (ranged as 15.93–27.34%) amongst saturated fatty acids (SFAs), oleic acid (10.72–21.37%) amongst monounsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (5.28–14.11%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (9.83–22.34%) amongst polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). At the beginning of winter, significant increase in edible muscle and liver’s PUFAs and ∑n3/∑n6 were observed (P < 0.05). The highest contents of ∑PUFAs for muscle and liver were observed in January as 38.52% and 38.82%, respectively, while highest n3/n6 ratios were found in April as 10.13% for muscle and in January for liver samples as 9.15%. This study indicates that anchovy is a good nutritional source for human consumption with high contents of omega 3 fatty acids, particularly during winter. In November, about 130 g of anchovy edible meat is found to be in the satisfactory level for EPA + DHA according to the recommended weekly requirement.     

Protein,amino acid and fatty acid contents in raw and canned sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) harvested in Galicia (NW Spain)

Moisture, protein, amino acid and fatty acid contents of raw and canned sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gonads were determined. Sea urchin showed a high moisture content (73%) and a high level of proteins (56% dry matter). The canning process, evaluated at 112 °C for 50 min, did not lead to significant changes in protein, amino acid and fatty acid contents relative to the raw sample. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

我国山东、辽宁两省黄海胆生殖腺中微量元素分布特征

目的研究我国山东省和辽宁省黄海胆生殖腺中营养元素的分布特征。方法本研究选取了辽宁和山东2个省仹的6个地区(45仹样品),依据GB 5009.268-2016采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(inductively coupledplasmaoptical emissionspectrometry, ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)对黄海胆生殖腺中微量元素的含量迚行测定,幵研究其分布特征。结果 6个地区的黄海胆中10种微量元素分布各不相同,海阳总量含量最高,为1.57×103 mg/kg;是含量最低的小平岛的1.8倍。SPSS软件分析黄海胆中微量元素含量地区间的差异性,发现Zn、Ni、Se、Fe、V、Mn、Co和Cr的P值小于0.05,具有一定的统计学意义。单元素含量占前3位的元素依次是Zn、Ni和Sr。微量元素中Zn的含量最高,范围为278～865 mg/kg,含量最高地区是最低地区的3.1倍,地区差异较大。海胆中Sr的含量较高,范围为119～184 mg/kg,但是地区性差异较小。结论黄海胆含有丰富的微量元素,除Fe外,其他元素大都超过海参中的元素含量,是很好的微量元素补充膳食食品。地区差异性有统计学意义的微量元素(P0.05)可以考虑作为海胆产地识别的指纹元素迚一步研究。     

Differential Disrupting Effects of Prolonged Low-Dose Exposure to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on Androgen and Estrogen Production in Males

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is the most widespread, persistent pollutant and endocrine disruptor on the planet. Although DDT has been found to block androgen receptors, the effects of its low-dose exposure in different periods of ontogeny on the male reproductive system remain unclear. We evaluate sex steroid hormone production in the pubertal period and after maturation in male Wistar rats exposed to low doses of o,p’-DDT, either during prenatal and postnatal development or postnatal development alone. Prenatally and postnatally exposed rats exhibit lower testosterone production and increased estradiol and estriol serum levels after maturation, associated with the delayed growth of gonads. Postnatally exposed rats demonstrate accelerated growth of gonads and higher testosterone production in the pubertal period. In contrast to the previous group, they do not present raised estradiol production. All of the exposed animals exhibit a reduced conversion of progesterone to 17OH-progesterone after sexual maturation, which indicates putative attenuation of sex steroid production. Thus, the study reveals age-dependent outcomes of low-dose exposure to DDT. Prenatal onset of exposure results in the later onset of androgen production and the enhanced conversion of androgens to estrogens after puberty, while postnatal exposure induces the earlier onset of androgen secretion.     

黄海胆棘壳色素理化性质和稳定性的研究

对黄海胆棘壳色素理化性质及稳定性进行研究。结果表明：黄海胆棘壳色素在水、甲醇等极性溶剂中溶解性较好,在石油醚、正己烷等非极性溶剂中溶解性较差;在酸性环境中显橘黄色,在碱性环境中显土黄色;耐热性较好,但耐光性较差;Na2SO3和山梨酸钾既可引起色素颜色改变,又可降低色素稳定性;H2O2和NaCl不改变色素颜色,但可降低色素稳定性;高质量浓度蔗糖可增强色素稳定性;VC对色素起到护色增色作用。